logo

58 pages 1 hour read

Geraldine Brooks

Year of Wonders

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2001

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Part 2, Chapters 2-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “Spring, 1665”

Part 2, Chapter 2 Summary: “Ring of Roses”

Content Warning: The source material contains child death, extreme violence towards women, detailed descriptions of traumatic births, symptoms from severe illness, and painful death.

The narrative flashes back to the spring of 1665 after Sam Frith’s death, when Anna was 18. It begins with a note of foreboding, comparing the coming of George Viccars from London to that of the devil. The tailor, Alexander Hadfield, hires Mr. Viccars as an assistant. At Mr. Mompellion's suggestion, Mr. Viccars asks Anna if he may lodge in her attic. At first, Anna is reluctant to take in a male boarder, fearing judgment from her Puritanical villagers, but since Sam’s death, Anna has struggled to make ends meet. Though her sheep bring a profit, she can only work half days in the rectory and Bradford Hall since her sons Jamie and Tom are still young. She accepts, and soon, Mr. Viccars becomes a lively part of their household with his many stories of his travels; Anna enjoys sitting with him in the evenings as he sews.

Mr. Viccars is young, and the boys enjoy his playful nature. Though Sam loved his sons intensely, he knew nothing of life outside the mines and depended on Anna to keep him abreast of town news. Anna is surprised at her growing attraction to him. George makes Anna a dress from fine green cloth from London. She tells him that she can’t accept the gift as people will find it improper. She agrees to try on the dress, and when George sees her, he kisses her and declares his desire to be more than a friend. Anna realizes that George has a fever and sends him to bed. She spends a sleepless night considering whether to accept his offer. Since Mrs. Mompellion is a trusted friend, Anna resolves to ask her advice the following day.

Anna rises early. After nursing Tom, she lingers over her sleeping children, thinking of how much she loves them, and considers accepting George’s offer so the boys can have a father. Elinor Mompellion is tending to her garden in the rectory. Elinor has a strong personality, but her health is poor, and she hasn’t yet become pregnant. Along with teaching Anna how to read, Elinor passes along her knowledge of plant medicine. Anna is reluctant to learn about medicinal herbs as she remembers when the villagers accused Mem Gowdie, the town healer, of witchcraft for treating illnesses with plants. Mem’s niece, Anys, continues her work, but many villagers see her as a bad omen, including Anna’s superstitious stepmother, Aphra.

Anna remembers the difficulties of her childhood as her father and stepmother drank to excess, and her father sometimes abused her when he was drunk. Anna showed interest in learning early, though most people in her village were illiterate. Studying the Bible offered Anna a way to increase her knowledge, and she regularly recited verses from memory to show off, but the other children teased her. When childless Mrs. Mompellion arrived in the village, she became a surrogate mother to all the children in town, including Anna.

Anna arrives home at midday, and the house is surprisingly silent as she is used to finding the children playing with George. Mr. Viccars is still in bed, ill with a high fever and red rash. There is a massive boil on his neck that smells like rotting apples. George says he knows this illness and begs her to leave lest she also become sick or infect the children. Anna refuses and tries to make him more comfortable, but when she moves him, the boil bursts and fills the room with a putrid smell.

Anna summons Mr. Mompellion, and they both attend to George as his condition worsens. Just before he dies, George cries out, “Burn it all! Burn it all! For the love of God, burn it!” (44) As she watches him die, Anna wishes that she had shown him more affection. After he passes, Mr. Mompellion tenderly carries his body downstairs.

Part 2, Chapter 3 Summary: “The Thunder of His Voice”

After the sexton removes George’s body, Mr. Mompellion urges Anna to follow his directive and burn all his belongings. Soon, however, Mr. Viccars’s customers begin arriving to collect their items. The first is Anys Gowdie, for whom Mr. Viccars made a dress. As Anna examines the dress, she guesses that Anys and George had a relationship. She explains to Anys about George’s illness and the need to burn the dress, but Anys forbids it and leaves with the garment. Anna gives all the other customers their garments and only burns George’s clothing and the green dress he made for her.

Anna works at Bradford Hall in the afternoon and stops by the Gowdie cottage to ask Anys about her connection to George. Anys is working in the garden where she is harvesting wolf’s bane, which is used for pain relief but is a potent poison if ingested. Anys knows why she is there and tells Anna that she and George had sex. However, she claims it wasn’t for love and that he intended to marry Anna. Anys says she will not marry because she loves her work and her freedom too much to be tied down to a man, saying, “I am not made to be any man’s chattel” (54). Anna leaves Anys’s cottage confused by her feelings as she tries to reconcile her admiration for Anys’s independent spirit with her Puritanical upbringing. Anna visits with her friend Lib Hancock, who works in the field with her brothers, and tells Anna that her mother had been considering George Viccars as a husband for her sister Nell. Anna confesses her attraction to George and reveals Anys’s affair but swears Lib to secrecy.

Bradford Hall is the home of Colonel Henry Bradford, his wife, and his daughter. Their son drinks heavily and primarily resides in London. Anna dreads her work at Bradford Hall because the Colonel is an angry man who is cruel to his wife and the servants. The Bradfords are hosting a dinner party, and Anna is happy that the Mompellions are there. Elinor asks if she is okay after George’s death, and Colonel Bradford is visibly disdainful at Elinor speaking to the servants.

Talk turns to the outbreak of plague in London and the scores of people fleeing the city. The topic of plague horrifies Anna as she wonders if that is what killed George. A brash young man argues with Mr. Mompellion about the practice of the wealthy fleeing the cities, leaving the impoverished to suffer without care. The young man brags about escaping the scourge, but Mr. Mompellion asserts that running away could spread the disease further. Mr. Mompellion adds that people struck with the plague should consider it a message from God and sequester themselves in their towns. After the dinner party, Anna races home to check on the boys, grateful that neither show signs of fever.

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “Rat Fall”

September is hot, but Anna enjoys the beauty of the harvest season as she spends time outside with her sons, who are still grieving the loss of Mr. Viccars. As they walk through the fields, they find a sheep in labor, and the ewe is breech. Jamie helps Anna deliver the lamb.

Mr. Mompellion rides up on his horse. He is affectionate with the children and reads to them from his book by Augustine of Hippo. Anna is intimidated by Mr. Mompellion’s great intellect and says little during the encounter. Anna and the boys walk home, and Jamie gathers roses along the way. When they return to the cottage, he showers her with rose petals. Anna exclaims in joy, “this is my miracle” (71).

Fall is hog-killing season, and Anna helps the Hadfields with the task in return for some meat. Jamie and Edward Hadfield play with dead rats near the wood pile until Mary Hadfield makes them throw the rats into the fire. A change in weather brings rain and an abundance of fleas, and Tom and Jamie are covered in itchy welts. Anna goes to Anys for salve for the bites, but she isn’t home. Mem is leaving to treat Mary’s son, who has a fever, and Anna accompanies her.

When they arrive at the Hadfields’, the barber-surgeon is already bleeding Edward with leeches. Mem leaves since they are dismissive of her knowledge, but Anna stays and questions the barber-surgeon if Edward might have the plague. He calls her an “Ignorant woman!” (75) and says there hasn’t been any plague in the village for decades. Anna tells him about George’s red rash and bubo, and the surgeon leaves abruptly, telling her that no one in the town should call on him again. By the end of the week, Mary’s husband and her other son, Jonathan, are dead.

Tom falls ill quickly, and Anna knows her time with him is short. She sends Jamie away with her babysitter, Jane Martin, while Anna stays with Tom. Aphra visits but only causes Anna more pain as she tells her she was foolish to love a tiny baby since infant mortality is so common. Aphra herself lost three babies. Elinor visits and comforts Anna as she reads to her from the Bible and grieves with her. Anna takes Tom to her bed and holds him until he dies. She falls asleep and, the following day, awakens to find he has bled out in the bed. She runs into the street, wailing with Tom in her arms.

Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary: “Sign of a Witch”

Anna compares the torment of the plague to being whipped repeatedly with a lash until the bone is exposed. Jamie falls ill and suffers for five days as Anna tries many pointless remedies to cure the plague. Anys tenderly massages a balm into Jamie’s skin, temporarily bringing down his fever, but it doesn’t last. Elinor remains a constant support, while her husband prays fervently for God to spare the child. As Jamie passes, many others in the village also die from the illness. Anna walks through the churchyard, viewing all the freshly dug graves, and leans on an ancient runic cross, begging God to take her next.

Three weeks later, Anna is tending her sheep, who have wandered far into the field, and hears loud screaming near the flooded mine. A drunken mob is beating Mem Gowdie and blaming her for the pestilence. Among the crowd are Lib Hancock, Brad Hamilton, and Mary Hadfield, who claim that Mem cursed her house after they dismissed her. Anna intervenes and defends Mem, and Brad knocks Anna to the ground. The rabble decides to “swim her,” or use the water test to determine if Mem is a witch. After tying a rope around her, they throw her into the flooded mine. Mem sinks and Mary cries out that she isn’t a witch. Despite her head injury, Anna jumps into the mine to save Mem. Anys arrives, pulls her from the mine, and jumps in to save her aunt. Mem isn’t breathing, and she performs cardiopulmonary compressions and rescue breathing. When Mem lives, the crowd turns on Anys, claiming she is a witch, having raised Mem from the dead.

The crowd becomes increasingly vicious; Mary runs to get the rector. Lib turns on Anna, reminding her that she told her about Anys sleeping with George, whom they consider the devil for bringing the plague. Anys fights bravely, but the horde overtakes her and prepares a noose. Anys belligerently admits that she has lain with the devil, and so have all the women in the mob, adding that they much prefer the sexual pleasure the Devil gives them than that of their husbands. Anna pleads with Anys to stop, but she laughs as the men tighten the rope and end her life. John Gordon grabs his wife and beats her, demanding she tell him if she had sex with Satan.

Michael Mompellion arrives and demands the crowd explain themselves. They explain that Anys confessed to being a witch, but he denounces them, saying she was mocking their ignorance. He condemns them all as murderers and demands that they fall to their knees in repentance. They cry out loudly in supplication, but Anna notes that was before people stopped believing in the efficacy of prayer.

Part 2, Chapters 2-5 Analysis

Part 2 begins an extended flashback that recounts the events leading up to where Part 1 begins. Chapter 2’s ominous name invokes the childish nursery rhyme “Ring Around the Rosy,” which describes the red circles that appear on plague victims.

The introduction of George Viccars into the narrative brings hope that Anna might begin her life again after losing Sam. Anna’s internal monologue reveals that though she loved Sam, George’s arrival reawakens her desire. The green dress represents Anna’s repressed sexuality, and when she puts it on, she can’t deny her desire. George’s violent death ends the brief love story and triggers Anna’s grief over Sam as the rotten apple smell reappears, now a marker of death in her memory (See: Symbols & Motifs). George’s final words to “burn it all” refer to purification but also conjure visions of hell, fire, and damnation. As the plague spreads, it becomes clear that the deeply religious villagers see it not as an illness but as a divine punishment for sin, which will deleteriously affect how they deal with the sickness and how they treat their fellow man, invoking The Intersection of Faith, Superstition, and Science.

The crisis also affects the status of Mem and Anys Gowdie, the town healers. Though many in the town have benefited from Mem’s knowledge of plant medicine and gentle healing hands, the townsfolk retain the Puritanical fear of witchcraft and deem Mem and her niece dangerous. Elinor’s social standing protects her from scorn, but the hatred for the Gowdies reveals a disdain for female intelligence and independence characteristic of patriarchal societies, reflecting The Complexities of Gender Roles. This is clearly illustrated when the Hadfields dismiss Mem from helping their son in favor of trusting the quack barber surgeon who only increases the child’s suffering.

As fear of the plague grows, the villagers look for a scapegoat, and they find it in Mem Gowdie. The details of her lynching recall elements of witch trials, where women accused of witchcraft were subjected to tortures, such as dunking in water to see if they floated. Unchecked fear and ignorance combined with the mania of a mob crescendos into a disastrous scene. The lynching illustrates not only the villagers' fear of the unexplainable but also serves as a powerful tool of social control. By holding the looming threat of being accused and killed for being a witch over the community, men silence women into submission.

Anys’s final words to the mob expose the men’s fears about female dominance, and in the end, it is brutal male violence that silences her forever. The lynching scene sets the stage for an escalation of Mr. Mompellion’s leadership in the community to both quell the violence and staunch the fires of dangerous superstition. His calm, gentle persona is a foil to the inhumane barbarity of the other men in Eyam. As the plague germs fester and replicate in the villagers’ bodies, so do the seeds of fear and hatred.

Anna respects but also fears Mem’s knowledge because she knows how the town perceives it, but Anys’s revelations about her sexual relationship with George open Anna’s eyes to just how independent and freethinking the Gowdies are. In her repudiation of traditional marriage, Anys serves as a radical departure from the profoundly traditional views held by the villagers about how a woman should behave. Though Anna isn’t ready to fully embrace Anys’s sexual freedom, their conversation plants the first seeds of religious deconstruction in her mind as she reconsiders all the teachings of the church.

The deaths of Tom and Jamie further test Anna’s faith as she considers the suffering of innocent children. Illustrating the theme of The Intersection of Faith, Superstition, and Science, Anna forgoes prayer and delusory remedies and instead holds her babies to maintain a physical connection with them for as long as possible. These moments feature Anna at her most emotionally vulnerable but also illustrate her strength, as she buries her boys and immediately begins selflessly serving the sick and dying around her.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text