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65 pages 2 hours read

Neal Shusterman

UnWholly

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2012

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Symbols & Motifs

Princesses

Drawing on princess-obsessed media, such as the empire of Disney, Shusterman utilizes a princess motif surrounding the main female characters. After Miracolina writes an essay about how she wants her unwound legs to help a girl who was injured in a plane crash learn to tango, Lev says she has a “dancing princess fantasy” (215). Miracolina responds, “My legs have a dancing princess fantasy” (215). This flirtatious exchange utilizes fairytale love stories to signal a romance between inexperienced teens.

The other female-centered story in UnWholly casts Risa as the princess. Like Miracolina’s imaginary princess, Risa is able to walk—to leave her wheelchair—because of unwound parts. When Roberta’s blackmail scheme surrounding Risa’s corrective surgery fails, and Risa gives Proactive Citizenry some unwanted negative media attention, a television producer describes Risa’s actions as “The princess of unwinding bit[ing] the disembodied hand that feeds her!” (363).

Also, Cam thinks of Risa as an “eternally sleeping princess” who he “shall free you from those poisoned brambles that surround your heart. And then you will have no choice but to love me” (228). In his quest for her love, Cam uses fairytale motifs. Rather than the much darker original story of Sleeping Beauty, Cam references a version that resembles the classic Disney film. Cam’s isolation causes him to pull from fiction rather than real-world examples of relationships.

Cam’s Metaphoric Language

Cam, being entirely made of parts from unwound teens, is able to remember and vocalize metaphors before forming complete and clear sentences. Roberta explains that she was assigned to him because of her background in “Metalinguistics [...] the nature of the language you speak. Metaphoric associations” (46). As the first rewound person, Cam demonstrates that trying to assimilate pieces of brains from lots of different teens results in metaphoric speech. Initially, Cam can access associations with nouns before the nouns themselves. When trying to find the noun camera, Cam says, “Say cheese! [...] It puts on ten pounds. Rolling…and…action! A Kodak moment” (49). These phrases describe the experience of being on camera without using the primary noun of camera. Cam himself describes this process of seeking vocabulary: “All he can do is circle, circle, circle the point, lost in orbit around his own mind” (56).

Eventually, Cam is able to use metaphors on command, rather than as his default form of speech: “He no longer needs to speak in metaphors—he’s created enough bridges in his mind to bring some normality to his speech—but he enjoys teasing Roberta and trying to stump her” (138). Cam’s use of metaphors resembles the famous Star Trek: The Next Generation episode “Darmok,” where an alien race only speaks in metaphors. The more control over metaphors that Cam gains, the more interesting and poetic they begin to sound. For instance, he teases Roberta, saying, “Reins in your fist” to mean “Hold your horses” (138). Shusterman uses this motif to explore how language is reformed or relearned.

Planes

Airplanes—valuable machines which serve their purpose but eventually get decommissioned and dismantled for parts—are used in similes regarding both the Whollies and their experiences. Early in the novel, both Starkey’s and Miracolina’s escapes feature airplanes. Starkey is transported in a coffin on an airplane, and Miracolina consoles another frightened tithe by comparing their journey toward a divided state to a plane trip, asking, “Have you ever been on an airplane?” (39). This shows Miracolina’s belief in the propaganda surrounding unwinding: trusting the process and the outcome despite it resulting in her death.

Planes also show permanency and indifference, contrasting the often-erratic teens. While new Whollies are escorted to the dozens of planes they will be shuffled between during their time in the Graveyard, “Airplane tail fins stand as monumental and as quiet as tombstones” (77). This contrast highlights the nature of the dystopia, with temporary victims and eternal structures through which they move. This concept of eternal indifference peaks in Chapter 68, which is from the POV of the planes themselves: “No doubt the planes of the Graveyard has witness many things and perhaps they are the only ones with a clear perspective of fight and folly on the day the Juvenile Authority invades” (342). The planes, unlike the AWOLs and Juvey-cops, are indifferent and ageless witnesses to everything that occurs, from the Heartland War to the destruction of the Graveyard. Lastly, the planes symbolize teens themselves, especially those destined to be unwound: they’re valuable, they serve a purpose, and they are eventually dismantled.

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