88 pages • 2 hours read
Guadalupe Garcia McCallA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
A year and a half after Mami’s first diagnosis, Papi tells the children that her cancer is back. Chemotherapy doesn’t always cure cancer for good, and now the family must endure the ordeal of Mami’s precarious health all over again.
Despite her weakening health, Mami continues to nurture her garden. Under the stubborn mesquite, Mami’s roses continue to bloom. Mami sings to them, caring for them as if they were her children. However, Mami’s approach to “parenting” her garden is different than her parenting of her actual children. While she must keep the roses separate from each other so they can survive, she encourages her family to cling to one another. The family does just that, more so now that they can see their mother’s life passing away.
Mami cries on Lupita’s bed when she can hear Lupita crying and talking to herself in her bathroom. Lupita explains to her that she was practicing for drama class, and Mami asks her to perform it for her. Mami still doesn’t speak English, and Lupita is nervous to perform for her mother for the first time. Mami continues to cry while Lupita acts. After, they sit together, and Lupita tells Mami about her life as an actress, but she doesn’t tell her that acting has been her coping mechanism through her mother’s illness.
Lupita sees the days go by like one synchronous loop; each day is like the next while the family suffers with Mami through her cancer. One day, while Mami is napping, Lupita watches her father look through his account books and cry. He throws the books away, and when Lupita tries to retrieve them, he stops her. He tells her that the money that is now gone is inconsequential. The loss of money and even the loss of control over financial planning is yet another way that Mami’s cancer is crumbling the family foundation.
Lupita suggests that her father bring Mami to a special cancer clinic in Galveston. The facility has excellent medical care, coupled with spiritual and psychiatric programming. Lupita convinces her father that she can stay at home taking care of the kids while he brings Mami to Galveston and works nearby her in Houston.
It is the summer after Lupita’s junior year, and she is fully in charge at home. Mami and Papi are in Galveston, and Lupita is struggling to stay in control over the household. Her sister Analiza is wearing makeup and talking to boys, things that would not be allowed if Mami and Papi were home. Lupita reflects that “Mami made it look so easy, raising kids – ‘like pruning roses,’ she used to say. But most days it feels like the current of the Rio Grande is swallowing us up” (105). Lupita struggles to keep order in the house, and she prays for the scary legend of la Llorana to help.
Lupita wonders how Mami was able to make tortillas so diligently. Mami would wake up early in the morning and make the tortillas before the rest of the day awoke. Nothing would distract Mami when she was cooking these tortillas, morning or night. Mami was the epitome of happiness while she cooked for her family.
Lupita is running out of food to give to her siblings, but she is more worried than hungry. They haven’t seen their parents in weeks, and Lupita continues to feel out of control. Her brother Paco begins to disobey the rules of the house and leaves to hang out with his friends. Lupita is worried he will become wayward, and she tries to distract herself from her anxieties with books and Benito under the mesquite. She puts the younger kids to bed early and hears Paco return home with his friends. They take the top shelf from the fridge and place it over a makeshift fire in the yard. Paco brings home pomegranates and doves to roast over the fire. His friends and family sit together and laugh through the night, eating the delicious food Paco procured.
Relatives and friends stop by the house to visit and offer help and food. And yet, the food Lupita receives runs out quickly. The children are relying on the kindness of their community to help them eat. One day, Paco and his friends see an ice cream truck break down in the street. By the time the truck would be able to receive help, the ice cream would have melted, so Paco brings home as much ice cream as can fit in the freezer. Lupita invites Mireya and Sarita over to catch up over copious amounts of the ice cream.
In Part 4, McCall uses symbolism to portray Lupita’s ongoing coming-of-age story, in which she takes leadership in her home.
The first symbol is the cancer as an invader in the family and household. Lupita describes Mami’s second diagnosis of cancer as one that colonizes the family, forcing them to act in ways they never have before, dictating the fabric of their lives. This symbol is introduced at the very beginning of Part 4, thereby allowing the reader to understand the severity of Mami’s second diagnosis. This allows for the foreshadowing of Mami’s decline in health, as the symbolism of cancer as an occupying force suggests that the cancer is too forceful for Mami or her family to defeat.
In Part 4, the motif of gardening and plants informs Lupita’s growing understanding of the responsibilities of raising a family. The care Mami takes with her roses is paralleled with the diligent love she has for her children, further enforcing the idea that a close and happy family is one that is built and worked on. This is a crucial idea because it causes the reader to question what will happen if Mami, the one who carefully builds and holds the family together, dies.
The motif of gardening and plants continues when Mami is away seeking cancer treatment, and Lupita is on her own as the head of the household. The pressure of feeding her siblings, keeping them happy, and enforcing Mami and Papi’s rules is more of a burden than Lupita had thought when she first convinced her parents to let her do it. She finds her moments of peace away from all the stress under the mesquite. Originally seen as a stubborn, ugly, unwelcome plant in Part 1, now the mesquite symbolizes a safe haven for Lupita. While the roses may symbolize Mami’s children, the mesquite represents Lupita’s unique situation: stubborn, strong-willed, and looming over the others.
Food is a major dual symbol in Part 4. On the one hand, food is what the family is often missing while Mami and Papi are away. Their hunger is a major stress on Lupita, as it seems that each time they get food, it disappears in an instant. The hunger is literal, but it’s also a metaphorical sign of what happens when the children are separated from their mother. Just as Mami’s roses need her loving touch and water, so too do her children need her presence for order and structure in their lives. Food also symbolizes community, as it is neighbors, family members, and friends who help Lupita provide food for her siblings. The community kindness uplifts Lupita, and the food brings people in her family and around her together. When Paco returns from hanging out with his friends with food (not once, but twice), the children and their friends all celebrate and deeply appreciate the opportunity to eat together. This community-mindedness helps McCall prove her point that although Lupita wants to be strong and independent, it truly takes a village of people to help raise one another.
The resiliency of Lupita and her family is a major highlight of Part 4. The family has always been resilient; their immigration story, their hard work ethic, and their reliance on one another to get through a difficult time have all been a marker of the way Lupita was raised. Part 4 challenges this resiliency, as Lupita feels out of control. When Paco proves himself to be responsible for himself and the family, and when the siblings gather together to celebrate the food they receive, Lupita’s sense of confidence is reinvigorated.
In Part 4, McCall portrays the message that no matter how bad things seem, with family and perseverance, any challenge can be overcome.
By Guadalupe Garcia McCall
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