logo

59 pages 1 hour read

Laura Hillenbrand

Unbroken (The Young Adult Adaptation): An Olympian's Journey from Airman to Castaway to Captive

Nonfiction | Biography | YA | Published in 2014

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Chapter 12 Summary: “Downed”

Louie, Phil, and Mac are the only survivors of the crash. Phil suffers from a bleeding head injury while Mac and Louie are unharmed. Louie manages to secure two life rafts from the bomber, both of which are only “about six feet long and a little more than two feet wide” (103).

Louie tends to Phil’s injury and ties a makeshift tourniquet from their shirts. He then takes stock of their items. They lost the provisions box, but have a few tins of water and chocolate, along with their flair gun and dye, some fishing items, as well as materials to repair and inflate the raft. Most worrying for the men is their lack of water.

Even though he is the pilot and should assume command, Phil’s injury causes him to ask Louie to take command. Mac is in shock and frantic. Louie slaps him to get him to calm down, and he falls silent. Louie establishes rules regarding rations, with each man allowed two squares of chocolate and a few sips of water each day. He hopes to last a few days on what they have. The sharks that prod at the raft make their situation more precarious.

Louie considers the crash, unable to figure out why he had woken again after passing out, and how he had become untangled from the wires while unconscious.

Part 3, Chapter 13 Summary: “Missing at Sea”

Meanwhile, Deasy lands Daisy Mae on Palmyra. When he receives news that Green Hornet never landed, a rescue mission is organized. However, due to the vastness of the sea they went down in, and because of drifts and currents, there is little hope of finding them in the “enormous” search area (107).

Louie awakens on the raft to discover that Mac has eaten their entire food supply. He controls his anger by telling himself that they will be rescued that day or the next. However, when a bomber passes far from them and they fail to get its attention, they realize that their rafts are drifting rapidly west, out of the regular bomber flight path.

On the third morning, Daisy Mae flies directly overhead. Louie fires four flares in its direction, nearly hitting the bomber, but due to cloud cover, they go unnoticed. This, coupled with their continued drift west toward the Japanese-controlled islands of Marshall and Gilbert, further dwindles Louie’s hopes of rescue. Meanwhile, Mac drifts further into shock, again screaming wildly about their doom and forcing Louie to slap him into silence. For the first time since childhood, Louie silently prays to himself.

One week after the wreck, the search for the Green Hornet is abandoned. The men’s families are informed of their disappearances. However, Louie’s mother is “absolutely certain” that Louie is still alive (111).

Part 3, Chapter 14 Summary: “Thirst”

During their first three weeks on the ocean, the men battle with thirst and hunger. Although Louie designs a system to catch rainwater in the fabric of the pump covers, it rains infrequently. They manage to kill two albatrosses, and although only one is edible, they use both as bait to catch a few small fish. They are also able to catch birds, although one infests Louie with lice. Through it all, Louie begins to openly pray, with Phil joining in; however, Mac remains mostly silent because he “couldn’t see a future,” believing “the world was too far gone” (114).

After six days without water, Louie prays and promises to “dedicate his life” to God (117) in exchange for water. The next day, it rains.

Part 3, Chapter 15 Summary: “Sharks and Bullets”

On the 27th day, which the Introduction briefly describes, a Japanese bomber flies overhead and returns several times to shoot at the men. After the first pass, all three jump into the water. On subsequent passes, Mac and Phil lack the strength to jump back in and instead do their best to find cover on the raft. Louie jumps into the water each time and is forced to fight off several sharks. Eventually, the plane flies on, but one raft is destroyed, and the other is filled with holes.

The men work for hours to reinflate and patch the raft, as sharks attempt several times to bring down the raft or pull the men from it. Eventually, they succeed in mostly reinflating it, only needing to occasionally pump to counteract the few holes they could not reach. Louis notes that if there were not three of them, they would not have survived, and “for the first time, Mac was truly helpful” (122).

Using their knowledge of the bomber’s fuel and their original crash point, the men calculate that they are about 850 miles from a Japanese base. They figure they will reach the island in about three more weeks. Although they fear what awaits them on the island, they at least feel the destination gives them “something on which to ground their hope” (123).

Meanwhile, Mac goes back to not interacting with Louie and Phil, continuing to emotionally slip further away from them.

Part 3, Chapter 16 Summary: “Singing in the Clouds”

Louie notices the beauty of the sharks and reaches out to touch one. However, the sharks then launch their bodies onto the raft and attempt to pull him in. To his surprise, Mac, who seems revived by the incident and has “reclaimed himself,” saves him (126).

Angry at the sharks, Louie decides that they are going to catch and eat one. Although he initially fails, he and Phil eventually get the hang of it and manage to catch two, eating their livers. However, no more small sharks appear after that.

One night, around the 30th day, Mac dies while the men sleep. He began “his last journey with a panicked, disastrous act” but gave everything he had, saving Phil and Louie’s lives. He dies having “redeemed himself.” Louie prays to God that if they are saved, he will “serve heaven forever” (128).

Eventually, Louie and Phil pass into the doldrums and experience complete stillness. Louie feels as though everything, their suffering, hunger, and thirst, is “suspended,” and that the moment is a gift to him and Phil.

On the 40th day, Louie hears singing from above. As he looks into the clouds, he sees 21 human beings who sing the “sweetest song he’d ever heard” (129). He is adamant that he is lucid, and that it is not a hallucination—even though Phil hears and sees nothing.

Just as the men are on the verge of death, their raft barely afloat, more birds and planes begin to appear overhead. Off in the distance to the west, they see an island.

Part 3, Chapter 17 Summary: “Typhoon”

Louie and Phil drift off the coast of the islands in their raft as a typhoon ravages the area. When the storm breaks, they find that they are in a chain of islands and are immediately spotted and taken aboard a Japanese boat.

Initially, they are treated with hostility, beaten, and tied to the mast. However, the captain comes, and they are taken to an infirmary and fed, with their wounds treated. They remain on the Marshall Islands for two days but are then told they will be going to Kwajalein, known as Execution Island, and an officer tells them that, once there, he can no longer guarantee their safety.

Phil and Louie are put aboard a freighter and taken to Kwajalein. Louie is thrown into a cell where he sees nine names carved into the wall, marines who were left behind after an American raid on the Marshall Islands. He yells to Phil, who is in a cell nearby, and he hears guards outside. He looks down at his emaciated body and sobs.

Part 3 Analysis

The horrific journey that Louie, Phil, and Mac take while lost on the ocean further develops the theme of Strength and Resilience. When the men survive the plane crash, Louie immediately takes charge, taking stock of their supplies, rationing their food and water, and getting Mac under control as he becomes hysterical. They then face the dangers of dehydration, starvation, shark attacks, and gunfire from a Japanese fighter. Through it all, however, Louie continues to do his best to remain strong and control their situation as best he can. For example, as it rains, he devises a way to catch rainwater using the covers from the air pumps. Additionally, he catches an albatross that is inedible and uses it as bait to catch fish for them. “Between three men, a small fish didn’t go far, but it gave them a push of energy. Louie had demonstrated that if they were persistent and resourceful, they could catch food, and he and Phil had felt inspired” (113). This inspiration encourages them to catch another albatross, more fish, and kill a shark, providing sustenance for Mac as he struggles with malnutrition. Each of these examples conveys Louie’s strength and his resilience in the face of adversity, struggling to survive against all odds.

In addition to his levelheadedness and physical strength, Louie uses faith as a source of strength. Initially only contemplating God and his situation, like when he considers why he awoke again in the downed plane and how the wires had disappeared (106), he eventually begins to openly pray aloud, and Phil joins him. Notably, “the two-week mark was a different turning point for Louie. He began praying aloud. He had no idea how to speak to God, so he recited snippets of prayers he’d seen in movies” (115). Although unsure how to practice religion, Louie recognizes that what he needs is faith to survive. He then prays openly to God twice for help, first to provide water, promising to “dedicate his life to him” (117), then for them to be saved, vowing that “he’d serve heaven forever” (128). These instances mark the development of Louie’s character and his faith. As he failed to read the Bible in Part 2 due to lack of understanding, he realizes that now, even if he still does not fully understand religion or how to practice it, it is faith that provides him with the strength to survive.

As faith becomes important to Louie, he has two experiences that will be crucial to his faith later in the text. In the first, he experiences a moment of absolute and complete stillness. At that moment, “their suffering was suspended. They weren’t hungry or thirsty. Such extraordinary beauty, Louie thought, was too perfect to have come by chance” (129). Although unable to fully articulate what the moment meant to him at the time, Louie recognizes the pure beauty juxtaposed with the imminent death they are currently facing, strengthening his faith. Shortly thereafter, lying beside Phil, he hears singing, looking into the sky and seeing “the silhouettes of twenty-one human figures […] singing the sweetest song he’d ever heard” (129). Again, although Louie could not articulate what he experienced at the time, the song symbolized the power of his faith and the important role that it will play in his life—both in his survival on the raft and in his later life.

Through the character of Mac, the theme of The Power of Forgiveness is also explored. On the first night on the raft, Mac eats all of their chocolate rations, angering Louie. However, believing that it would not matter, and they would soon be rescued, Louie simply tells Mac that he is “disappointed” and moves on (108). Choosing not to dwell on what Mac has done, Louie instead focuses on other sources of food and how best to survive their ordeal. Throughout the next few weeks, Mac is useless to Louie and Phil. In shock, he regularly rants about the hopelessness of their situation, forcing Louie to slap him twice to snap him out of it. However, in their most dire situation, after they are shot by the Japanese bomber, Mac works desperately with Louie and Phil to repair the raft and keep them afloat. After they are successful, Hillenbrand notes that “all three [men] were indispensable. Had there been only two, they couldn’t have pumped, patched, and hit sharks. For the first time, Mac was truly helpful” (122). Shortly thereafter, as Louie is almost pulled from the raft by a shark, Mac again shows his utility by saving Louie’s life and hitting the shark away. Because of Louie’s willingness to forgive Mac for eating their rations, Mac can redeem himself by becoming useful to Louie, Phil, and their survival. Hillenbrand writes that:

Francis McNamara had begun his last journey with a panicked, disastrous act, consuming the only food they had. But in his last days, in the struggle against the deflating raft and jumping sharks, he’d given all he had left It probably hastened his death, but it may have saved Phil and Louie. At the end of his brief life, Mac had redeemed himself (128).

Mac’s character arc throughout their journey on the raft shows the importance of forgiveness on the path to redemption. Although he had potentially endangered their lives by eating the rations, he was able to redeem himself by becoming “indispensable” when Louie and Phil needed him most.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text