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14 pages 28 minutes read

Billy Collins

Today

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 2000

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Literary Devices

Form and Meter

Billy Collins generally writes in free verse, and “Today” is no exception—the poem does not adhere to any formal poetic structure and has no consistent meter or pattern of rhyming. It consists of nine couplets (a set of two lines), making a total of 18 lines. The entire poem is one long sentence with only the occasional comma and the consistent two-line stanzas to help break it up. One of the primary characteristics of free verse is that it mimics the rhythm of regular speech, and “Today” does sound like just a regular person basking in a gorgeous spring day. This “regular person” dialogue makes the reader feel comfortable with the speaker, which then allows the surprising elements to be more surprising since we are more surprised by unusual things in our regular environments than we are in foreign environments. The tone of the poem overall is straightforward and has an “everyman” feel to it, especially in the use of the second person (“you”), since the speaker employs the second person in the general sense that means everyone, not just the singular reader. This impression of inclusion makes the reader trust the speaker and feel at home there in the house and garden that they describe. This comfort makes the irony of the ecstatic violence that much more surprising since the reader is caught completely off guard in the mundane environment the description and conversational tone of the speaker suggests.

Enjambment

Enjambment is when the poet breaks a line of thought to continue on the next line without any pause or punctuation. While Collins is known for his clear, accessible language, the way he plays with line breaks and other mechanical aspects of his work creates more complexity than might be apparent on first reading. The enjambment breaks up “Today” in a way that creates distinct moments of irony for the reader. For example, in Lines 7-9, the reader is soothed by the pleasant vision of the peony blossoms and the sensation of cool bricks. The lengths and imagery of these lines gives us just enough time to settle back into the peaceful ambiance of springtime after the door is ripped “from its jamb” (Line 6) that we are again taken completely by surprise by the appearance of the hammer. It’s possible that Line 6 actually ending with the word “jamb” is a little nod to the enjambment trick he uses here, especially since Collins is known to play with the conventions and processes of the writing of poetry itself in his poems. After this little meta-poetic wink, the reader’s peaceful drifting with the poem is broken with the appearance of the brutish hammer. The hammer is startling, and its smashing of the paperweight is a shock after the bucolic scene, but the effect is even stronger with the enjambment of Line 10 and Line 11. Not only is the thought “that you felt like taking” (Line 10) stopped in the middle, but the reader has even further to fall into “a hammer to the glass paperweight” (Line 11) as the thought teeters on the end of a stanza break as well.

Irony

It is the irony in the poem that gives the poem its undercurrent of meaning. While springtime is most often associated with the idea of rebirth and beauty, Collins punctuates “today” with images of violent gestures that seem to conflict with the bucolic scene he has painted. A bird being released from its cage is a pleasant and potentially inspiring image, but the cage door being wrenched off its hinges in the next line is a bit of a jolt. Even more surprising is the appearance of the hammer next to the fragility of the peonies, the sunlight, and the glass. This juxtaposition of two strikingly disparate images conveys the extreme joy the speaker is feeling about the warmth and loveliness of the season. The fact that Collins has not simply spelled out that he has a hard time conveying the level of emotion that overtakes him on perfect spring days like the one described in the poem but instead illustrates his intense emotions through violent images underscores the intensity of the emotion more clearly than just describing it in words can. Words can be slippery and carry nuance for others that they may not have for the person they are speaking to, but when presented with a clear illustration of the impact of the emotion on the physical urges of the speaker it is difficult not to understand just how primal and intense the experience can be.

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