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108 pages 3 hours read

Harper Lee

To Kill a Mockingbird

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1960

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Chapters 25-28Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 25 Summary

Chapter 25 opens on a September day. Scout notices a caterpillar on the porch and wants to squish it, but Jem orders her not to do so. He explains that much like a mockingbird, the insect never harmed anyone.

Scout’s thoughts turn to Dill, whom she misses. She recalls what he told her about the night when Atticus and Calpurnia went to see Robinsons. On that night, Jem took Dill swimming, and their father spotted them walking down the highway coming back from the swimming hole. When the car picked them up, Jem convinced Atticus to bring them along to the Robinsons.

According to Dill, Helen Robinson collapsed at the mere sight of Atticus, somehow knowing what had happened even before she was told. Dill reported that Helen “just fell over in the dirt, like a giant with a big foot came along and just stepped on her […] Like you’d step on an ant” (274).

In Maycomb, the news of Tom’s death circulates for two days, then quickly passes. Mr. Underwood is among the few people who seem to care, and he writes an impassioned editorial bemoaning the death of an innocent man. In his article, he compares Tom Robinson’s death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children” (275).

Most townsfolk, however, write off Tom’s death as a typical circumstance. Bob Ewell, meanwhile, threateningly states that the death is “one down and about two more to go” (276). 

Chapter 26 Summary

When school starts, Scout and Jem pass the Radley house each day. Scout continues to wish she could see Boo, but her longing now contains more mature undertones. She wants to see Boo and greet him as friendly neighbor. 

Scout’s third-grade teacher, Miss Gates, requires the students to give weekly current-events presentations. During one of these presentations, Cecil Jacobs delivers a series of naive reflections on Adolf Hitler’s internment of Jewish people. Miss Gates then rails against the dictatorship in Germany, saying America is different because it is a democracy.

After school, Scout approaches Jem, confused by Miss Gates’ hypocritical hatred of Hitler. She recalls how Miss Gates emerged from the courthouse after the Tom Robinson trial, saying, “it’s time someone taught ‘em a lesson, they were gettin’ way above themselves, an’ the next thing they think they can do is marry us” (283). Jem is enraged that Scout has brought up the trial. He orders her never to talk about it again. 

Chapter 27 Summary

By the middle of October, life in Maycomb appears to have calmed down. Bob Ewell gets a WPA job, which he promptly loses, blaming his termination on Atticus. Shortly thereafter, Link Deas gives Helen Robinson a job. Bob Ewell harasses her each day when she passes his house until Deas learns of his harassment. He confronts Bob Ewell, and ultimately, the harassment ceases. Following his harassment of Helen, Judge Taylor sees Ewell prowling around his house.

That Halloween, the school stages a pageant wherein all of the children perform the roles of Maycomb’s agricultural products. Scout is assigned the role of pork, and she wears a ham costume lined in wire mesh. Still mentally exhausted by the events of the year, no one from family (except for Jem) comes to pageant. Jem and Scout walk home together after the pageant, beginning—as Scout ominously phrases it—their “longest journey together” (291).

Chapter 28 Summary

Scout is so embarrassed after the pageant that she keeps her ham costume on to hide underneath it. Walking together through the dark woods, she and Jem both hear a noise. They attribute their fear, however, to Halloween jitters.

They have almost reached the main road when Mr. Ewell attacks them, breathing heavily and smelling of stale whiskey. In her ungainly costume, Scout loses her balance and tumbles over. She feels something tearing at the mesh of her costume, then hears a physical struggle as she is suddenly pulled away from her attacker.

Eventually, the sounds of struggling cease, and Scout emerges from her costume. She blearily wanders home, noticing a man through the lamplight. She sees the man carry Jem back to the house.

When Scout arrives home, Dr. Reynolds is tending to Jem in his bedroom. He says that Jem has a broken arm but is otherwise fine. Sheriff Heck Tate comes to the house and reveals that he found Bob Ewell under a tree with a knife stuck under his ribs. Tate declares that Bob Ewell is dead.

Chapters 25-28 Analysis

The rift continues to develop between Scout and Jem as they form their individual responses to the Tom Robinson trial. Jem seems especially affected by the night when he and Dill drove along with Atticus to the home of Tom Robinson. Between the caterpillar on the steps—which he refuses to let Scout squash—Dill’s description of Helen Robinson fainting—“like a giant with a big foot came along and just stepped on her” (274)—and Jem’s earlier description of his sensation of being a caterpillar emerging from a cocoon, the book develops an associative train. Through this train, Jem arrives at the conclusion that vulnerable people are too often victims of senseless violence. He also arrives at the conclusion that he can no longer bear to talk about the trial.

Scout, on the other hand, continues to develop her own conclusions. Her increasingly-mature perspective is evidenced in her evaluation of her teacher’s hypocrisy. She also appears to have a more empathetic understanding of Boo Radley. She no longer fears him and now simply hopes that one day, she’ll see be able to say, “hello.”

Bob Ewell’s encounters with Helen Robinson and Judge Taylor cultivate a distinct sense of dread and foreboding in the reader. With his pronouncement, “one down and about two more to go” (276), the reader recognizes that Scout and Jem are in danger. This dread is confirmed when Bob Ewell ultimately attacks. 

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