54 pages • 1 hour read
Walter Dean MyersA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide describes and analyzes the source text’s treatment of racism.
The unidentified first-person narrator describes his tendency to do things that seem smart and later on turn out to be mistakes. He describes calling out a bully and saying, “Ain’t going to be no fight […] because this guy ain’t nothing but a turkey” (4). The bully responds by punching him three times.
From this, the narrator describes a chronological series of events beginning at the Annual Numbers Runners’ Barbecue. A group of young people, including the narrator, attend the BBQ sponsored by the organizers of a local numbers game: an illegal lottery that begins to lose money when New York institutes an official, legal lottery. One of the young people, Gloria, taunts an older man named Captain, claiming that he is too overweight to run in the footrace. In return, the Captain criticizes the group of young people, saying they do not do anything constructive. He says his chance to do good has passed and these young people are squandering theirs.
The next day the group of friends gathers again. Gloria appears with a piece of paper on which she has written the title “Action Group.” The narrator and five others join the Action Group, which is intended to engage them in making positive change. The first item on the list is world peace, but it’s too hot to sit inside writing letters to heads of state, so they focus on the restoration of the Stratford Arms, a dilapidated apartment house.
Gloria discovers the name of the owner of the Stratford Arms, Joseph Harley. The young people take the bus to Joseph’s office. Face to face with the man, the young people become reluctant to speak. Timidly, they demand that he make changes to the Stratford Arms. When Joseph asks who is the group’s spokesman, they decide it will be the narrator, who is the oldest of the young people. Without explaining why, Joseph tells the narrator to hand him $1.00 and takes his name and address. The narrator worries about what Joseph is going to do with his information.
The young people are distressed to learn that a friend of theirs, Chris, has been arrested for stealing from a hi-fi store. The narrator also describes how annoying his father is. His father continually criticizes him for every small mistake he makes.
The next morning, Gloria calls a meeting of the Action Group. Gloria tells him that Reverend Glover will allow them to use a room at the church for their Action Group headquarters.
The narrator goes to the meeting of the Action Group, at which Gloria says they need to do something to help prove their friend Chris is innocent. Omar, however, argues that Chris is guilty, and some of the others agree. Because Chris was working with someone who had been in trouble with the law before, they believe he must have become a thief, and that the police would not have arrested him unless he were guilty. After Chris is released on bail, he tells them that he has several court dates, with his trial date yet to be set.
The narrator’s father asks him what happened with Chris. The narrator finds it ironic that his father is sympathetic to Chris, yet so harsh with him.
On Monday of the following week, as the Action Group makes protest signs to picket Joseph’s office, they learn that a special delivery letter has arrived for the narrator. When he goes home and opens his letter, the narrator finds it is from an attorney and contains many documents, none of which he understands. His mother does not understand the documents either. They go to the Department of Social Services, where the narrator’s father works, to show him the papers, which he also does not understand. An attorney in the department explains to them that Joseph has sold the apartment building to the narrator, whose name is Paul Williams, for $1.00. A second lawyer agrees to serve as Paul’s attorney, and Paul lists the Action Group, along with himself, as the landlords.
The Action Group meets in the rental office, a first-floor apartment. They discuss how to fix up the building. Paul points out that they cannot raise rents unless they do so to make repairs. Dean recommends that they learn who lives in the building and hear their complaints. They decide to have a tenants’ meeting, but Dean forgets to notify the tenants.
Dean, Gloria, and Paul go door to door to introduce themselves. They meet Mr. Pete Darden in the basement. He is an older handyman who works as an on-site manager, taking out the trash and keeping the building clean in exchange for free rent. They introduce themselves to Lula Jones on the first floor, who slams her door in their faces. They go to the apartment of the two Robinson sisters, who ask when the new landlords will fix their stove. Dean sees a closed valve, opens it, and the stove works perfectly. The three go to the top floor apartment of a man who calls himself Askia Ben Kenobi. He answers the door dressed in “a robe, like the kind you see in National Geographic, with a hood and everything,” and demands that Dean remain silent “until [he has] grasped the meaning of [Dean’s] aura” (35). When Dean laughs, Kenobi uses karate chops to destroy the banister. Dean, Gloria, and Paul quickly run down the stairs.
Once they are on the bottom floor, police rush in. They hear Mrs. Jones say, “There they are! Them’s the hoodlums” (36). The police arrest the three young people and put them in a police car. Bubba looks into the police car and asks what they did. When Dean says they did nothing, Bubba comments, “You must have done something or they wouldn’t have you in a police car” (37). The police take the three to the station, where they remain for three hours before Gloria’s father gets them out. When Paul gets home, his father criticizes the way he handled the arrest. The next morning, two people from City Commissioner’s Office arrive at Paul’s house. They ask when he will fix the unsafe stair banister. Frustrated, Paul tells them to leave. The young people decide to tell Kenobi he must move, but they discover that getting him out will be extremely difficult.
Chris describes his arrest. As he sat on his stoop, two strangers approached and asked where they could get some cheap hi-fi equipment. One of the men winked at Chris and Chris winked back, after which they told him they were police and arrested him. Paul and Bubba discuss whether they arrested Chris because he seemed nervous and guilty.
The Action Group members decide to hire an accountant to collect the monthly rent, which is almost due. As the meeting ends, a Robinson sister arrives and tells them her toilet does not work. Bubba teases Gloria and Jeannie about not being able to fix the toilet, and Gloria says that she and Jeannie will fix it themselves. Paul follows them to the basement, where they get plumbing tools before proceeding to the Robinsons’ apartment. The toilet bowl is almost full of water, and they use the tools to try to find a blockage. Gloria dons rubber gloves and feels for the blockage in the drain. When Jeannie says she will not put her hands in the water, Gloria says she must as a part of the Action Group. Jeannie quits the group and leaves. Tina Robinson arrives and says the problem is not the bowl but the tank. Paul fixes the tank and the toilet immediately flushes.
Chris’s father comes by the Stratford Arms and asks Paul and Bubba if they have heard anything about the robbery. Chris’s father says there is a $1000 reward for information that will help Chris. They tell him they are listening and are glad to help. Paul says, “Chris is part of the block… If we hear anything that will help him, we’ll let you know. We couldn’t take money for helping a friend” (52).
As a coming-of-age novel, or bildungsroman, The Young Landlords begins with its narrator and protagonist, Paul, recognizing that he has a lot to learn: “You ever have an idea that really sounds good until you do it and find out how stupid it was? If you ever need one, just hang around with me a little, because I got lots of them” (3). This self-effacing confession sets the stage for much of the action that follows, as Paul admits to a counterproductive mental habit—he tends to look for easy solutions to complex problems, imagining for example that the school bully is really just “a coward way deep down inside” (3) and that he will back down if confronted. This particular error gets him punched repeatedly, but it’s also an early lesson in The Virtues of Patience and Compromise. Changing an unjust situation takes time and persistence, something that Paul and his friends will learn again and again over the course of the novel.
These early chapters also establish The Power of Community. At a barbecue, the organizer of the neighborhood’s illegal lottery—known as The Captain—criticizes Paul’s friend Gloria (and all the young people of the neighborhood) for not doing more to combat Systemic Racism in Late 20th-Century America and build a better future for themselves while they are still young. Gloria responds by organizing her friends into a collective she calls the Action Group. From the beginning, Gloria recognizes that meaningful change requires collaboration—something Paul will take time to fully understand. When the Action Group finds itself accidentally taking ownership of a crumbling tenement apartment building, they soon realize that the building’s problems have a lot to do with a conspicuous lack of community. Tenant Lula Jones calls the police on her new landlords the moment she meets them, while a tenant calling himself Askia Ben Kenobi destroys the building’s banister with a karate chop to frighten them away from his door. This climate of mistrust has been fostered by previous landlords, who ran the building solely for profit without any regard for the welfare of its inhabitants.
As Paul works with his friends to improve the building, he also begins to develop confidence in his own voice. Initially diffident, he hangs back among his friends, allowing others to suggest ideas and activities. When the group decides to try to improve conditions at the Stratford Arms—before they become its owners—he does little more than agree with others about the importance of what they have decided to do. During the conversation with the landlord, the narrator does not speak up at all until the landlord declares that the oldest teen present—Paul—must be the group’s spokesperson. From the beginning of the narrative, Paul wants to stay in the background. By the end of the novel, however, he has grown dramatically in his assertiveness, confidence, and willingness to take risks.
A motif that appears clearly in this first section is the conflicted relationship between Paul and his father. While he does not hate his father, he passes up opportunities to spend time with him because he is irritated by his father’s persistent criticism. This criticism comes from a place of love: Like the Captain, Paul’s father wants the next generation to have a better life than he has, and he knows this will only come through hard work. Still, failures of communication between father and son mean that Paul experiences these expressions of love as personal attacks.
The police in this section—with their aggressive over-policing of the Black teens in the neighborhood—function as an emblem of Systemic Racism in Late 20th-Century America. Walter Dean Myers conveys the sense of surprise that Paul, Gloria, and Dean feel when, having just avoided the attack of karate expert Kenobi, they rush to the street level of their building only to be roughly handled, handcuffed, and stuck in a squad car by the police. During the arrest, Gloria loudly calls out that they are the owners of the building, a claim the police ignore. Instead, the officers want to pin a mugging on the boys and link them to a criminal gang. When Chris is released from jail, he explains how the police arrested him after baiting him to incriminate himself in a theft he had nothing to do with. The incentive structure of their jobs leads them to seek convenient scapegoats rather than actually solving crimes, as becomes clear later when the teens discover the actual thief and find the police reluctant to do anything about it.
By Walter Dean Myers