39 pages • 1 hour read
Gary PaulsenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Background
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
David Alspeth, a 14-year-old boy living in Ventura, California, is at the marina, looking at the sailboat that now belongs to him. It was gifted to him by his Uncle Owen, who just passed away after a battle with cancer. David is carrying his uncle’s ashes in a small box. Looking at the sailboat, The Frog, David remembers his uncle fondly and reflects on Owen’s last days in the hospital.
After the cancer was discovered, it spread quickly. One day, David visited Owen and was overcome by how weak and sickly he looked. The smell of Owen’s sickness made David throw up, which embarrassed him. Owen laughed it off and told David that he didn’t have much time left. He announced his intentions to leave David the Frog and David tried to refuse. Owen insisted that the boat now belonged to David. He asked David to sail into the ocean until he could no longer see the land and then scatter his ashes. David agreed.
Now, in the present moment, David boards the Frog and opens the hatch to the cabin, noting how much it smells like Owen. He sits down at the entrance to the cockpit and cries.
Later, David stops crying and begins to get the Frog into sailing condition. It has been some time since anyone has boarded it. He pulls out the bags for each sail and works to attach them to their proper places on the mast. All the while, David remembers details that Owen shared with him about the art of sailing, as well as various adventures that they had together at sea. He also thinks about how much the Frog reminds him of Owen—simple, dependable, and all business. When he thinks of his uncle’s ashes sitting in the box below deck, his sadness returns. The wind begins to move the sails, and although it is now evening, David decides that this is the night he will take Owen’s ashes out to sea. He knows that Owen loved sailing at night and believes that this will be the best time for his uncle’s final voyage.
David finishes preparing the Frog and makes his way out of the marina. He uses only the wind to maneuver the boat beyond the harbor, never turning on the motor. He recalls that Owen hated using the motor and scoffed at other sailors who relied on it. Once out of the marina, David immediately notes how different the open water feels, with stronger swells and more wind. He calculates the speed of the boat and uses his compass to chart a course. He plans to sail in a straight line through the night and then turn back in the morning. David suddenly realizes that because he impulsively decided to set sail, he never checked the weather or solidified his plans. He also feels slightly uneasy because he knows that the Frog does not have a radio that he can use to contact the shore or other boats. He reassures himself that everything will be fine and settles in to keep sailing, following the line of the setting sun.
Later that night, David is still awake, thinking about Uncle Owen. He reflects on the fact that Owen’s dream was to study and to learn as much as he could—not just about the ocean, but about the world itself. David admired Owen’s love of knowledge. While he is lost in thought, David looks into the water and sees the blue and green phosphorescent glow of tiny plankton. He is stunned by the beauty of the light. He notices the shadow of another creature beneath the surface and realizes that it is a dolphin. He jumps out of the water at the bow of the boat and admires the boat’s glowing wake. David checks the boat’s current heading and calculates the approximate distance that he has traveled from the coast.
At dawn, David checks the horizon and decides that he has ventured far enough to complete Owen’s last request. He scatters Owen’s ashes into the ocean and prepares to return to Ventura. While adjusting the sails, he realizes that one of them has gotten stuck on a corner of the cabin hatch. He pauses to fix it, and in that moment, he glances out at the swells on the horizon. David notices that there is something very strange about them; it appears as though the tops of the waves have been flattened or cut off. He realizes that the only thing that can cause such a phenomenon is a very intense wind. As this fact dawns on him, the force of the wind from the sudden storm hits the boat. David struggles to take down the sails so that they will not rip and blow away. He tosses them one by one into the cabin below deck, and as he is unfastening the main sail, the beam of the mast strikes him in the head. He is knocked unconscious and falls into the cabin.
David awakens some time later, experiencing intense pain in his head and his shoulder. He is lying on top of the mainsail with several inches of water pooling around him. He understands that The Frog is taking on water through the open hatch and he forces himself to his feet to close it. The physical exertion causes David great pain, and he falls unconscious again. When he reawakens, it is night, and the storm is still raging outside. He forces himself into the corner of one of the bunks before drifting into unconsciousness again. When he awakens later, it is daytime, and the storm has finally subsided. David realizes that at least one entire day must have passed. He checks his head and realizes that it was split open when he was hit by the beam. The pain in his shoulder is improving, and he theorizes that it was dislocated and was later forced back into place by the constant movement of the boat. The cabin is a complete mess. David goes up to the deck above to check for any other damage. The ocean around him is now strangely calm, and there is not a single landmark in sight. Without the resources to calculate how far he has been blown off course, David understands that he is now lost at sea.
Although The Voyage of the Frog is a survival story at its heart, the first several chapters blend The Tension Between Life and Death with the challenge of Navigating Grief and Loss, for Daniel’s struggle to accept the loss of his uncle causes him to make a series of rash choices that lead to his deadly predicament. Yet even before David becomes lost at sea, Paulsen takes care to establish the philosophical significance of his beloved uncle’s sailboat, for this generous gift is initially shrouded by a veil of sadness. Upon regarding the boat for the first time since Owen’s passing, David finds himself thinking about his uncle in the past tense and is finally forced to acknowledge the fact that he will never see his uncle again. His 14-year-old mind is ill-equipped to handle this loss, as demonstrated when he reflects, “And there it was—used to say. His uncle Owen didn’t say anything now. Not anymore. His uncle Owen was dead. Oh God, he thought—this just stinks” (2). At this moment, David realizes that he will never be able to sail on the Frog or even look at it without thinking of Owen, for better or for worse. Indeed, upon opening the cabin for the first time in weeks, he remarks on how much it smells like his uncle, and this observation creates a lingering, ghostly presence that haunts him with the echoes of memory.
For David, the process of Navigating Grief and Loss takes on an onerous physical dimension. He has been charged with carrying out his uncle’s last wishes and bearing his legacy, and this fact is reinforced as he holds Owen’s ashes in a small wooden box: He cannot escape the knowledge that at this moment, he is literally carrying his uncle with him. Owen is therefore both a memory and physical presence in David’s life as he prepares to captain the Frog himself for the first time.
This section also contains key moments of foreshadowing, especially as David makes a cursory check of the supplies and remembers that his uncle kept only the essentials: the things “needed to sustain life” (13). This scene highlights The Tension Between Life and Death as David finds himself comparing the life-giving supplies with the grim box he carries and its distinct absence of life. Because Owen was such a dynamic and complex man, it is difficult for David to reckon with his loss. His first solo voyage on the Frog thus becomes a quest to commemorate a life well-lived and to come to grips with the presence of death. These contemplations set the stage for the stark immediacy of David’s life-or-death predicament in the grasp of the treacherous storm that blows him off course, at which point his journey transforms from an attempt to honor his uncle’s life to a desperate struggle to preserve his own.
Well before the moment of the storm, Paulsen inserts many instances of foreshadowing to suggest that David’s first sail out into the Pacific will not go as planned. When leaving the marina, for example, David realizes that he could have done more to prepare and momentarily regrets setting out on a whim. As the narrative pointedly states, “He hadn’t checked the weather and felt vaguely unsettled about that because the Frog did not have any radio gear except a cheap little transistor battery-powered receiver that hardly ever worked right” (20-21). With such a clear reference to David’s lack of key equipment, the direction of the narrative becomes evident long before disaster strikes. Significantly, David discounts his intuition and assuages his fear by noting that the evening weather seems clear and calm, but these frequent references to weather and wind imply that the favorable conditions will not hold.
Additionally, the theme of Developing Self-Reliance and Survival Skills is foreshadowed when David makes his way out into the open ocean and finds himself overcome with awe and trepidation at its vastness. This internal moment of reckoning with the wild strength of the Pacific again foreshadows the difficult situation in which he will soon find himself. He reflects on the majesty of the wide-open ocean around him and realizes that he has never been so far from shore. He thinks: “[T]o head into the open ocean, into the wide reaches of the Pacific—away from and out of sight of land—was completely different and it sobered him now as he settled back into the business of sailing the Frog” (29). Faced with the enormity of the setting and his task, David acknowledges that the ocean is a powerful force and that everything around him could change in mere moments. His recognition of these facts adds a sense of foreboding to the voyage; as a result, Paulsen imbues the arrival of the sudden storm with a sense of inevitability.
By Gary Paulsen