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62 pages 2 hours read

Rick Riordan

The Throne of Fire

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2011

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Symbols & Motifs

The Book of Ra

Finding the three pieces of the Book of Ra is the main quest of The Throne of Fire. While there is no reference to a definitive Book of Ra in Egyptian mythology, the many aspects of Ra are alluded to, as is Ra changing forms when in different worlds. Riordan merges common myths about Ra’s different parts, using Khnum as Ra in the Underworld, Khepri as Ra as the dawn, and Ra as the god of day, order, and the sun. The Book of Ra allows Sadie and Carter to combine these aspects of Ra so the god may rise and battle against the forces of chaos and Apophis.

The Book of Ra represents the fickle nature of gods. Carter and Sadie know nothing of the book until shortly before the beginning of the novel, when Horus tells Carter about one of the pieces that’s about to be moved from a museum in Brooklyn. Given how Horus and the other gods are not thrilled by Ra’s awakening at the end of the book, it is possible Horus put off telling Carter about the Book of Ra until it became clear there was no choice but to wake him. This is in line with the self-serving nature of the gods, and reflects the complexity of godly relationships, especially Ra, Horus, and Isis.

The second two pieces of the book are hidden in the Russian magician headquarters and a long-lost tomb. Years ago, Menshikov burned his eyes trying to read one part of the book without the others, showing how much power the book has to protect itself against unauthorized use. By the end of the story, the Kanes successfully find the pieces of the book and manage to awaken Ra; however, Ra is not fully himself even with their success. This paves the way for Riordan to further explore Ra’s myths and identity in the final book.

The Twelve Houses

The Twelve Houses appear in the latter third of the book, but their path is critically important to finding and waking Ra. In Egyptian myth, the Twelve Houses (also known as rooms or gates) represent the 12 hours of the night, and as Riordan portrays them in the book, they are the path Ra traveled through the Underworld each night so the sun could be reborn. The Twelve Houses were also the realms of the Underworld, each representing a different afterlife. The spirits and gods Carter and Sadie encounter along the route show the eternal circumstances of the Egyptian afterlife. Riordan updates some of these afterlives, such as making the Fourth House into an assisted living facility for gods.

Carter and Sadie meet their parents in the Seventh House. Their presence in the Egyptian afterlife shows the deep connection the Kanes have to ancient Egypt. Their reunion is also symbolic of grief and letting go; Carter and Sadie get the opportunity to bid farewell to their parents, something that is, of course, impossible in real life. The spirits of their parents tell the kids that they are proud of them, giving Carter and Sadie affirmations that, despite the support of Amos and their grandparents, they sorely need in order to continue on their journey.

The challenges Carter and Sadie face passing through the Twelve Houses are adapted directly from Egyptian myth. Souls of the deceased would face these challenges on their way to their eternal resting place, suggesting that those who settled in earlier houses faced fewer hardships. The houses in Riordan’s world are divided into sections, and some present fewer challenges than others. Riordan borrowed the lake of fire in the Fourth House and the demons and monsters from the Eighth House directly from myth. In the book, Apophis is imprisoned in either the Twelfth House or somewhere between the Twelfth House and the mortal world, but in myth, he is referred to as waiting for Ra either at sunset or in the Tenth House.

Scarabs

Scarabs appear throughout The Throne of Fire. In Egyptian myth, scarabs represented resurrection and were associated with Khepri and Khnum (two aspects of Ra). In the book, Apophis is buried in a field of scarabs in the Twelfth House, which Carter and Sadie pass through just before emerging into the mortal realm. Since ancient Egyptians believed the sun was reborn each morning, these scarabs appear at the place where the sun resurrects and becomes the god Khepri. When Sadie reads the final scroll of the Book of Ra, Khepri is revealed as a golden scarab.

In Chapter 1, Sadie taps a scarab amulet that’s part of a statue of Khnum, which reveals the first part of the Book of Ra’s hiding place. Scarabs were an integral part of ancient Egyptian jewelry and decoration, especially later in the civilization’s history. Initially, sculptures of scarabs were commonly carved from stone, but as they became more popular, they were made from precious stones, such as amethyst and lapis lazuli. It was believed that jewelry adorned with scarabs offered the wearer spiritual protection against chaos, which lends support to Riordan imprisoning Apophis in a mound of scarabs.

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