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42 pages 1 hour read

Helen Keller

The Story of My Life

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1902

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Chapters 16-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

In October 1893, Keller’s education takes on a greater meaning to her as she begins to study specific subjects for a set number of hours. Keller begins to learn Latin when she and Miss Sullivan visit the Wade family in Pennsylvania. Mr. Irons, a neighbor and a Latin scholar, patiently teaches Keller the language.

Initially, Keller finds the instruction dry and pointless: “It seemed absurd to waste time analyzing every word I came across — noun, genitive, singular, feminine — when its meaning was quite plain” (104). But as she delves deeper into her language studies, Keller finds great beauty in the Latin tongue, and she takes pleasure in reading Latin passages on her own.

Keller concludes, “There is nothing more beautiful, I think, than the evanescent fleeting images and sentiments presented by a language one is just becoming familiar with” (106). This important lesson teaches her to value patience and to work past her initial perceptions of subject matter.

Chapter 17 Summary

For the next two years, Keller is educated in New York City at the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf. Accompanied by Miss Sullivan, Keller’s education is expanded to include more languages (French and German), arithmetic, and physical geography.

Significant progress is made in her learning, especially her ability to read and speak German, but Keller experiences depression when it becomes apparent that her speaking abilities are not at the level her teachers had hoped for: “although we worked hard and faithfully, yet we did not quite reach our goal. I suppose we aimed too high, and disappointment was therefore inevitable” (107).

Keller’s interest in her studies, particularly physical geography, keep her spirits lifted. She also enjoys her forays into New York’s Central Park, “the only part of the city that was congenial to me” (108). The park is beautiful in unique ways each time that Keller walks through it.

The time in New York also affords her opportunities to travel on the Hudson River, and visit West Point and Tarrytown, giving her the chance to walk through the inspiration for Washington Irving’s “Sleepy Hollow.”

Before leaving New York for home, Keller is struck with grief at the death of one of her supporters, Mr. John P. Spaulding of Boston. His quiet support in Keller’s advancements, even from a distance, had always been there for her, and his loss is a significant one to her confidence.

Chapter 18 Summary

In 1896, at age sixteen, Keller enrolls in the Cambridge School for Young Ladies, a preparatory school for Radcliffe. Keller has taken to heart her goal of being accepted into college, and the Cambridge School is determined to be the best path to that dream.

Miss Sullivan accompanies Keller to the school and is allowed to attend classes with her to interpret the instructions given to the class. The teachers at the Cambridge School are not versed in teaching students with impairments, and the only way Keller can communicate with them is by reading their lips.

Keller’s previous education ensures she does not need assistance other than reading critical texts assigned for her classes. She faces the disadvantage of having lengthy textbooks that are not printed in Braille, and that contain too much information for Miss Sullivan to sign into Keller’s hand. While Keller cannot take notes during class, she is able to type up her notes from memory on her typewriter in her home.

All the while, Keller credits Miss Sullivan for patiently being there with her every step of the way. A couple of her teachers make an effort to learn to sign to Keller, but no one can fill the spot that Miss Sullivan has in her life.

Keller’s days are filled with studying, and at Christmas, her mother and sister arrive to visit, with Mildred attending a nearby school. She declares, “It makes me most happy to remember the hours we spent helping each other in study and sharing our recreation together” (115).

The preliminary exams for passage into Radcliffe are modified for Keller as she is given her exams in her room so her typewriter keys would not distract other students in the exams. Her exams are proctored with a guard at the door to prevent any interruption.

To her relief, Keller passes both her courses and her exams, and prepares to move into the second year of study.

Chapter 19 Summary

Keller’s second year at the preparatory school does not go as she hoped. Despite her accomplishments in her studies, her new classes for the year are more advanced, and there are no Braille copies of the textbooks for her to read. Keller acknowledges that the information is too much for even Miss Sullivan to try to sign to her. Keller’s classes are also much larger, and her instructors are unable to give her special attention and instruction.

Keller faces more extreme challenges, some of which sorely test her strength and patience, and even strain her relationship with her dear teacher: “In a word, every study had its obstacles. Sometimes I lost all courage and betrayed my feelings in a way I am ashamed to remember, especially as the signs of my trouble were afterward used against Miss Sullivan, the only person of all the kind friends I had there, who could make the crooked straight and the rough places smooth” (119).

When Mr. Gilman, the director of the school, accuses Miss Sullivan of working Keller too hard, the situation becomes untenable. Gilman makes changes to Keller’s courses of study that would make it impossible for her to take her final exams. In frustration, Keller’s mother withdraws Keller and Mildred from the school.

Keller’s education is continued by a tutor, Mr. Merton S. Keith, who helps her to understand mathematics better, but who fails to prepare Keller for the kind of examination papers she would need to write for her finals. But Keller does not blame her misfortunes on anyone. Instead, she takes the trials that she faces as she undergoes the examinations with the knowledge that “But if they unintentionally placed obstacles in my way, I have the consolation of knowing that I overcame them” (123).

Chapters 16-19 Analysis

These chapters focus on the development of Keller’s education, beginning with concrete, set instruction on languages, math, and geography. Keller learns to overcome her initial inclinations about the Latin language, which she learns to love after moving past her initial boredom with it.

For two years, Keller lives with Miss Sullivan in New York City while attending a school for the deaf. Here Keller learns to work with the advantages and disadvantages that her condition creates in regards to her education. Her time in New York also affords her the opportunity to travel nearby and attend famous places and sites.

Keller moves on to study at the Cambridge School for Young Ladies, a necessary step, as she wants to go to college at Radcliffe. As college is her dearest dream, Keller works hard at the prep school, with the faithful Miss Sullivan at her side. Despite some difficulties and alternate exam protocol, Keller passes her courses.

The obstacles that Keller faces in her next school year only increase, culminating in a confrontation with Mr. Gilman, the director of the school. He believes that Keller is being worked too hard and that academic-induced stress was interfering with her well-being. When he makes changes in her schedule that will impact her ability to take finals, Keller and her sister leave the school.

Keller is privately tutored by Mr. Keith, and although she is not as prepared as she wanted to be for her exams, she blames no one for that failing. Instead, her attitude is that she has consistently overcome any challenge placed in her way, and shall continue to do so.

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