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65 pages 2 hours read

Shehan Karunatilaka

The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Part 2, Chapters 19-31Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “Second Moon”

Chapter 19 Summary: “Chat with Dead Doctor (1989)”

Dr. Ranee attempts to help Maali seek the Light and turn away from Sena. Maali still holds onto resentment that while living, Dr. Ranee used some of his photographs without permission or credit in her articles. Dr. Ranee insists that it no longer matters, saying, “I am not my previous birth. Neither are you” (90). She tells Maali about the process of searching for the Light. The first step is to meditate over one’s corpse, which Maali has done. The second is called an Ear Check. The third is to bathe in the River of Births. If Maali stays in the In Between afterlife, he risks becoming a ghoul or enslaved to a yaka or preta. Maali isn’t sure he wants to leave the In Between because he wants people to see what he saw, which Dr. Ranee calls an illusion of his ego. 

Chapter 20 Summary: “Bad Samaritans”

Sena tells the other ghosts his story. He grew up impoverished and was taught that his poverty was his own fault. He accuses ghosts like Dr. Ranee of being Bad Samaritans who want other ghosts to find the Light so they forget about their lives and nothing on Earth changes. Sena tells the assembled ghosts that he can teach them how to whisper so the humans can hear them, wreaking havoc and righting wrongs. 

Chapter 21 Summary: “Boru Facts”

The Mahakali shows up, this time as a large woman with a bear head. Devoured souls are screaming from inside of her. Sena attempts to reinspire his frightened crowd again by writing a series of “facts” about equality under the law and that Sri Lanka belongs to the Sinhalese. Dr. Ranee insists on giving Maali an Ear Check, but he has disappeared.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Galle Face Court”

Maali goes back to the Mara tree to meditate and find his name in the wind. He finds it and tracks down Elsa, who is with Cassim and Ranchagoda. They’re in a car headed to Maali’s apartment, which is owned by DD and shared with Jaki. When Jaki opens the door, Elsa lies about her identity and introduces herself as a detective. The police and Elsa search through the bedrooms. In Maali’s bedroom, there is no box of photographs stashed under the bed, but he has framed a photograph he took of the Batticaloa massacre.

DD arrives home with his father, Stanley. Stanley demands to see their search warrant and finds it has not been signed. Elsa admits that she’s with CNTR. She accuses Maali of attempting to extort others with the photographs he stole from CNTR, which she claims is part of the investigation into his disappearance. DD’s father kicks them out of the apartment.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Wiesenthal”

The narrative flashed back to the first time Elsa and Maali met, at a party at the Arts Centre. She approaches him with an offer to pay off all his gambling debts in exchange for his photographs, which would prove her organization’s accusations of massacre and pogroms in 1983. Maali admits that he has a box full of photographs under his bed. He goes on a tour with the army and Reuters and returns with more photographs for Elsa.

After his return, he meets Kugarajah for the first time. He is attracted to Kugarajah, who seems to be flirting with him and Elsa despite being introduced as Elsa’s cousin-brother. Elsa and Kugarajah have a new assignment for Maali: They want him to take pictures of a list of people, who they believe were complicit in killings of Tamil people. Maali finds it funny that they think they can get justice in Sri Lanka. They also want Maali to arrange a meeting between them and Colonel Gopallaswarmy, who is allegedly trying to split the LTTE apart by going against the Big Boss. CNTR has an orphanage and a clinic in an area run by the LTTE, so they need help from the LTTE for security.

Chapter 24 Summary: “Home Sour Home”

Jaki and DD rush to Maali’s mother’s home. Stanley, the detectives, and Elsa arrive shortly afterward. Stanley encourages Amma not to let the police in because their warrant isn’t valid. They hear a crash coming from inside, and all rush in. Jaki and DD are scrambling through the box of photographs Maali has hidden under the cook’s bed. Elsa insists that the photographs legally belong to CNTR.

Chapter 25 Summary: “After-Party”

The narrative flashes back again. Maali helps organize parties at the Arts Centre despite the ongoing war. These parties provide respite for people who want to be themselves and bring down heteronormative and political walls. They host a séance where the souls of lost people are called out, including Dr. Ranee and Sena. Later that night, Maali, drunkenly tells Jaki, DD, and a friend called Clarantha about the box of photographs.

Chapter 26 Summary: “The First Envelope”

Jaki spreads the photographs out on the table for everyone to see. They are all appalled at the violence depicted in the pictures. Detectives Cassim and Ranchagoda hadn’t realized that Maali had evidence of identifiable death squads. Elsa wants the pictures because her organization can identify the perpetrators. Amma holds onto a letter from Maali’s father.

Suddenly, armed and uniformed men surround the house, led by Minister of Justice Cyril Wijeratne. Wijeratne has been associated with the 1983 death squads and massacres. Stanley had called him to complain about the unwarranted search of his son’s belongings, but now, Wijeratne sees that he is in one of the damning photographs. Wijeratne and his men take the box of photographs away with them. Maali, observing as a ghost, hopes to remember where he kept the negatives of the photographs.

Chapter 27 Summary: “Chat with Dead Bodyguard (1959)”

Maali meets a demon on top of the Minister’s vehicle. The demon looks like a blob. He explains to Maali that he was once the bodyguard of Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike, better known as SWRD. SWRD was a Sri Lankan Prime Minister and a Sinhalese nationalist, known for bigotry and for installing left-wing reforms like labor laws and wage increases that solely favored the Sinhalese. The dead bodyguard declares that “Every civilization begins with a genocide. It is the rule of the universe” (139). Now, the dead bodyguard is a demon that protects Minister of Justice Cyril Wijeratne. Maali gets away from the demon.

Chapter 28 Summary: “The Ears”

Dr. Ranee appears with two other Helpers, Moses and He-Man. The Helpers lead Maali back to the lobby he woke up in. They force him into the Ear Check, where it is revealed that Maali was killed and had killed, loved incompletely, stole, and was robbed. Maali denies having killed anyone. They identify that he is 39 years old. Dr. Ranee gives him a lecture about unblocking his memory and paying his debts before finding his Light. Maali explains that exposing corruption and violence through his photographs is his last debt to pay. Dr. Ranee accuses Sena of working for the Mahakali, and states that after Maali’s seven moons are over, the Mahakali will devour him. Maali wants to speak to Sena but promises Dr. Ranee that he’ll be back before his seven moons are over.

Chapter 29 Summary: “Mythical Creature”

As Maali searches for Sena, he ponders the dishonesty of politicians. He has heard of one honest politician, Cyril Wijeratne’s father, who was destroyed by the same people he helped support. His father’s failures taught Wijeratne how to be a successful politician through deceit and criminality. Wijeratne has survived several assassination attempts. He doesn’t know about the demon bodyguard protecting him; instead, he attributes his survival to the Crow Man.

Chapter 30 Summary: “The Crow Man’s Cave”

Maali finds Sena and asks him to teach him to speak to the living. Maali wants to speak to Jaki and tell her where to find the negatives of his photographs. Sena brings Maali under a bridge, into the Crow Man’s cave inside of a wall. The cave is decorated with pictures of deities from different religions and Bruce Lee. Crow Man translates between the living and the spirit world, and people pay him to contact the ghosts of their loved ones. He has limited vision, but he can see and communicate with the ghosts. Crow Man is at first frustrated to see Sena, who hasn’t returned in a while and promised Crow Man an army. Sena introduces Maali, who requests that Crow Man meet with Jaki. Crow Man sends a summons to Jaki to meet him in the cave and has Maali identify an object of his that Jaki can bring.

Chapter 31 Summary: “Roman-Dutch Law Books”

Jaki receives the invitation from a boy who runs errands for the Crow Man. As Jaki searches Maali’s room for the address book she must bring with her, Maali watches and contemplates his life. A teddy bear reminds him of his father, whom he visited in Missouri while he was on his deathbed. His father had been writing him letters for years, but Amma hid them. After this visit, Maali called his father one more time to tell him off, and his father died from cardiac arrest while on the phone. Other family members forbade Maali from attending the funeral. Jaki puzzles over the Royal Flush (an Ace, a King, a Queen, and a Jack) that Maali wrote in the address book. Maali tries to warn Jaki not to call any of the phone numbers, but he can’t communicate with her.

Sena takes Maali away from Jaki and explains that ghost currency is varam, the prayers and lit candles people leave for you. The Crow Man uses varam to give skills to ghosts. Though the Sparrowboy, the errand boy, can’t see ghosts, he can sense their presence. He gives Maali his first assignment for Crow Man: Find Mr. Piyatilaka’s hidden gold. Maali and Sena find Piyatilaka haunting a mansion and watching as his daughter searches the house for his treasure. Piyatilaka refuses to let his children or these ghosts know where his treasure is; he insists he gave his gold to a mistress years ago. Maali points out that Piyatilaka’s collection of law books would be more valuable anyway, and Piyatilaka tries to attack Maali.

Part 2, Chapters 19-31 Analysis

In Part 2, Maali is given a choice between lifelong peace and lifelong revenge. Dr. Ranee, a Helper, wants him to find the Light and let go of the past, leaving the crowded In Between. Sena wants Maali to stay in the In Between and avenge not only his murder but the unlawful and tragic deaths of countless others. Maali desires both: He wants to finish his business on Earth before finding the Light, but he doesn’t want to stay in the In Between with ghouls, demons, and other forlorn ghosts. The tension is built through this dilemma because Maali could easily surpass his seven-day window and lose his chance at eternal peace. The reader is also convinced of The Importance of Journalism and these photographs, and the narrative champions Maali’s last wish to expose the violence and corruption in Sri Lanka. Beyond Maali’s own experience, however, Karunatilaka explores existential questions about The Value of Human Life, life after death, and whether eternal peace is worth sacrificing in the pursuit of justice.

Peace is the unknown; in this novel, the Light is spoken of in vague terms. No one else knows what exactly the Light does because the other ghosts around Maali have purposefully avoided the Light. Therefore, embracing the Light within his seven moons will force Maali into the unknown. The unknown can be scarier than the known, even when what’s known is full of challenges. The ghosts who stay on Earth are threatened by ghouls, yakas (demons), and pretas (hungry ghosts). These malevolent forces feed off souls to gain power in the In Between, which reveals that the In Between is just a replica of human society. Just as Maali had to run and hide from paramilitary organizations, insurgencies, counterinsurgencies, and the police, so too must he avoid hierarchies of ghouls and demons in the afterlife. As in life, ghosts like Sena work for powerful demons and manipulate new ghosts into doing the same. Sena simply continues the person he was in life within death, and the In Between is increasingly shown to be a bleak place where ghosts pursue resolutions that they generally can’t attain. But the Light offers The Possibility and Hope for Change—an opportunity to let go of the past and find out what the soul is without all the unresolved resentments and lost joys of the past.

Maali gains more clarity on his second moon. His hazy ghost memory flashes back more and more to make meaning of his past. With this, Karunatilaka keeps building suspense building; as Maali puts the pieces together of his murder and the shady people he once knew, so does the reader. The reader, therefore, goes on the journey of discovery and character development with Maali. One mystery that Karunatilaka alludes to, often without any resolution, is the conflict between Maali and his father. It is implied that Maali and his father split up due to his father’s anti-gay bias, though it is not clear if anyone but DD and perhaps Jaki knows that Maali is gay. It is revealed that Maali’s father died after a long separation from Maali, during which Maali’s mother hid the letters his father wrote to him. But readers aren’t informed of the reasons for this family separation beyond allusions to an STD Maali’s father contracted abroad, implying that he had an affair. Maali’s relatives hold him responsible for his father’s death because he died on the phone with him, which may be why Maali’s Ear Check resulted in an accusation of murder. Maali and his father’s unresolved relationship remains a burden on Maali, a piece of unfinished business alongside his main afterlife goal of publishing his photographs.

In these chapters, Karunatilaka confirms that Sri Lanka’s Civil War is escalated by blatant corruption. Ironically, the Minister of Justice illegally confiscates Maali’s photographs because he is implicated in them. This raises the question of what kind of accountability for violence there can be if the man responsible for administering justice cannot follow the laws. This suggests a major breakdown in society’s structures. The backstory of the Minister of Justice’s failed politician father highlights that children in corrupted societies learn that bending the rules and skirting moral codes leads to success. Thus, Karunatilaka presents the Minister of Justice as a microcosm of a larger issue in society. Symbolically, he is an allegory for the irony of justice. Wijeratne is captured in Maali’s photographs, which officially document his culpability in violence against civilians. Although Wijeratne survives several assassination attempts and his authority goes unimpeded, thanks in large part to the demon that accompanies him, Maali’s photograph of Wijeratne is, in photographic and literal terms, a capture. This makes the picture extremely valuable and extremely dangerous. Wijeratne can hide behind the authoritarian power he wields, but Maali’s photograph is overwhelming proof of Wijeratne’s crimes. This emphasizes the importance of Maali’s job as a photographer; Maali’s Nikon is a weapon he can use to combat authoritarianism and advocate for democracy and safety.

Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (SWRD), however, is a historical allusion. SWRD was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 1956 through 1959. He was the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and is a major historical figure whose time in power was partly responsible for the events that led to the Sri Lankan Civil War. Educated at Oxford, SWRD was a product of the British colonial system that exacerbated ethnic divisions in Sri Lanka. In his role as Prime Minister, SWRD introduced legislation to end caste discrimination, but he also enacted the Sinhala Only Act, which made Sinhala the only official language of Sri Lanka. The Sinhala Only Act made the Sinhalese elevated citizens in comparison to the Tamils. Thus, SWRD is an example of a historical figure who used politics to proclaim support for multiculturalism while enacting ethnic, cultural, and linguistic oppression. On September 1959, he was assassinated by a monk named Talduwe Somarama, who believed he was acting as a patriot for ridding the country of a leader who wouldn’t commit to nationalist reforms. SWRD’s assassination left a gaping hole in political leadership, which lead to in-fighting. SWRD’s wife would eventually become Prime Minister, and she adopted a much more hardline point-of-view on nationalist policies that further divided the country along racial, ethnic, and religious lines.

In Chapter 27, Karunatilaka extends the themes of corruption and violence beyond the borders of Sri Lanka and posits questions about humanity. The dead bodyguard, now a demon, posits that genocide is a part of human nature. Society is ideologically divided on whether violence—even on a massive scale—is an inherent part of the human experience. History demonstrates that wars between humans occurred in all centuries, but laws and institutions are designed, ostensibly, to protect human life. By using the Civil War as a metaphor for the human condition, Karunatilaka asserts that if enough people decide to reject these institutions and embrace the idea that humans are inherently violent, hierarchical, and power-hungry, then institutions fail individuals. The decades of violence in the Sri Lankan Civil War weighed on the people’s sense of safety and created a vacuum of nihilism, represented by the way the garbage men impassively dismember and dispose of corpses. Violence begets more violence as people seek to defend themselves, capturing people in a cycle of war and violence. By the end of Part 2, Karunatilaka provides a reading that human beings are naturally inclined towards violence and corruption. This makes Maali’s mission to release his photographs even more of a high-stakes goal, seeking not only justice in Sri Lanka but proving that mankind is inherently valuable. As Maali seeks to finish his business on Earth by proving the depths of corruption in Sri Lanka, Karunatilaka foreshadows potential justice for Sri Lanka.

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