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59 pages 1 hour read

Paul Beatty

The Sellout

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2015

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Parts 2-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “The Dum Dum Donut Intellectuals”-Part 4: “City Lites: An Interlude”

Part 2, Chapter 7 Summary

About a week after putting up the fake road sign, Me heads to the meeting of the Dum Dum Donut Intellectuals to tell them about his plan to bring back Dickens. Since F. K. died, the think tank has centered on Foy Cheshire. Academics and middle-class Black out-of-towners come bimonthly to listen to him speak and try to impress him with their opinions on Black issues. Me has been attending the meetings, and there was talk about making him the leader, but he never speaks at them. Sometimes, Me brings Hominy, who calls out the members for speaking one way at the meetings and another way in their appearances on public television. Me thinks Foy used some of the millions he receives in royalties to buy the most racist Our Gang shorts. Hominy wants them—they represent his best work.

For this meeting, Foy boasts about how he edited Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). He replaced the n-word with “warrior” and “slave” with “dark-skinned volunteer.” He also changed Jim’s diction and the plot. The new title is The Pejorative-Free Adventures and Intellectual and Spiritual Journeys of African-American Jim and His Young Protégé, White Brother Huckleberry Finn, as They Go in Search of the Lost Black Family Unit. Foy wants the book to be on the curriculum for every middle school.

Foy calls Me “the Sellout.” Me thinks Huckleberry Finn should use the n-word more, and parents should take the book as an opportunity to explain to teach their children about the racist history that gave rise to that word and how it is used today. When Foy presumes that no one would disagree that the n-word is “the most vile and despicable word in the English language” (98), Me finally speaks. He says he can think of many worse words, citing as an example any word ending in the feminizing suffix “-ess” (98). Someone calls Me’s opinion “problematic,” but Foy defends Me’s contrary perspective, and Me shares his plans to bring back Dickens. The plan doesn’t produce enthusiasm, but King Cuz, a sensitive gang member who brought medical professionals to his gang battles and applied for North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership, thinks Me should resurrect Dickens.

Wearing around $5,000 in clothes and accessories, Foy confronts Me about his supposed plan to take over the think tank. Me tells him otherwise, but Foy doesn’t believe him. The think tank is central to Foy’s identity, and he’s watching Me.

Part 2, Chapter 8 Summary

To bring back Dickens, Me uses white spray paint and a line-marking machine, and teens and homeless people keep the lines visible. He uses the Thomas Guide to check the accuracy of his borders. Sometimes, people add to Me’s lines with their lines, blood, graffiti, or a rainbow. The police assist Me, and an officer gives him a missing flier to put up for Dickens. After six weeks, Me finishes the borders.

Part 3, Chapter 9 Summary

Due to the sulfur and excrement from the Wilmington oil refineries and the Long Beach sewage plant, Dickens sometimes has a distinct smell, one Me refers to as “the Stank.” Due to “the Stank,” Me can’t sleep, and Hominy, noticing the lights on, enters his house in a tuxedo and tells Me his birthday is next week.

Me takes the bus to go surfing. The bus driver is Marpessa Delissa Dawson. She’s married to the former rapper and current TV cop MC Panache. They have four children and a restraining order against Me for following the kids and insulting their dad’s knowledge of poetry. Me muses on the unwritten rules of bus decorum—no one sits next to a Black man unless they must.

Someone screams at Marpessa to stop the bus, and Marpessa resolves the problem without Me noticing. Marpessa is a competent bus driver—though she’s wearing an ugly gray uniform and is 30 pounds heavier than she was when she and Me dated, Me remains attracted to her. She doesn’t miss him, but she misses his fruit.

Me remembers going to prom with Marpessa. As Me was the only graduating student, it was just him, Marpessa, and his dad, with his dad pressuring him to have sex with her. He also remembers how they would take turns reading the work of the enigmatic 20th-century Czech author Franz Kafka. Me asks Marpessa if she remembers telling him that he reminded her of Kafka, and Marpessa reminds Me that people tried to stop Kafka from burning his work, but Marpessa offered to help Me burn his lackluster poetry.

Marpessa calls Me by his nickname, Bonbon—the word he had to spell when his father forced him to enter the Dickens spelling bee when he was 11. Me reflects on how Marpessa ended up in a comparatively menial job despite her exceptional intelligence. She didn’t want to attend college to work in a corporate setting where Black women, in her view, can never rise beyond the middle ranks. She was in an abusive relationship and became pregnant. Her child—to whom she gave the middle name Bonbon—forced her to find a stable job, and she found that driving takes her mind off her troubles.

Part 3, Chapter 10 Summary

Hominy shares the same birthday as Rodney King, whose brutal beating at the hands of a group of police officers touched off the 1991 Los Angeles uprising, and people in Dickens used to mark Hominy’s birthday as a community. People rang his doorbell and threw food at his face. Overjoyed, Hominy cleaned his face, changed his clothes, and waited for the next well-wishers.

This year for Hominy’s birthday, Me convinces Marpessa to convert the city bus into a rolling party puts a “PRIORITY SEATING FOR SENIORS, DISABLED, AND WHITES” (128) on Marpessa’s bus. A man claims to be offended, which prompts Me to reflect on what he views as the meaningless of that word—as it describes no discernible emotion. Marpessa and Me debate the motives for segregating the bus, and Me wonders whether Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus because the man was gassy or asked her annoying questions—perhaps racism had nothing to do with it.

A white woman with strawberry-blond hair, Laura Jane, is on the bus, and she makes Hominy scream in fear. As the party gets going, Marpessa kicks off the strangers but allows Laura Jane to stay, and she dances with Hominy. She’s a struggling actress and part-time sex worker hired to be a part of Hominy’s birthday. Indirectly, people tell her she looks too Jewish for acting parts, and Laura Jane wishes she were Black—Black people get all the jobs, she says. Marpessa doesn’t think Black people get all the jobs, but if they do, it’s because they spend too much money on what they see on TV. Marpessa explains the hidden messages behind a luxury car commercial featuring a Black man, and Laura Jane tells her the problem isn’t race but class.

Marpessa drives the bus to the Pacific Coast, and Hominy asks Me when Dickens will get borders and sister cities. He also wants to know when they’ll get the racist Our Gang films from Foy. Me tells Hominy that he hopes it will happen soon.

As Laura Jane swims naked in the water, Me becomes aroused and wakes up Marpessa, who’s sleeping in his lap. Me claims he isn’t sexually attracted to white women, and he tells Marpessa he fell in love with her when she criticized a memoir by a biracial author, The Color of Burnt Toast, during his dad’s book club and she said Black literature “sucked.” Marpessa said she fell in love with Me when they went out to eat, and he didn’t insist on facing the door as if he was so dangerous that someone might try to attack him at any moment.

Part 4 Summary

Me tries to find sister cities for Dickens through Susan Silverman, who works for City Match Consultant. Me’s first three choices: Juarez (a Mexican border city marked by violence), Chernobyl (an abandoned city in Ukraine contaminated by radioactive materials due to a mishap at a nuclear power station), and Kinshasa (the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) decline his invitation. Embarrassed, Me finds other options, including Thebes (not an actual city but the gigantic movie set for Cecil B. Demille’s 1923 silent film The Ten Commandments) and Dollersheim (the Austrian town where Adolf Hitler’s grandfather was born). In the end, The Lost City of White Male Privilege—a place that may or may not exist—becomes Dickens’s sister city.

Parts 2-4 Analysis

Me remains silent during the meeting of the Dum Dum Donut Intellectuals, echoing Clarence Thomas’s behavior for 10 years on the Supreme Court. Foy’s revision of Mark Twain’s classic novel about a boy and a runaway enslaved person links to real-life events. In 2011, NewSouth Books published a version of Huckleberry Finn without the n-word or the “injun” slur. Foy claims, “The ‘n-word’ is the most vile and despicable word in the English language. I don’t believe anyone would argue that point” (90).

Readers might agree with Foy, as most contemporary norms have made the n-word unspeakable and unprintable—thus, “the n-word” or “n*****.” In 2021, The New York Times fired its longtime reporter Donald G. McNeil Jr. for using the n-word to clarify a student’s question about the use of the word. In 2023, an announcer for the Oakland A’s baseball team was fired for saying the “N*****” League instead of the Negro Leagues (the all-Black baseball league that existed before Black baseball players could play in the white leagues). Me disagrees and dismisses Foy’s anger over the n-word as a “sales pitch” (90). The emphasis on the n-word isn’t a path to truth or a way to propel healing. Me wonders:

[W]hy blame Mark Twain because you don’t have the patience and courage to explain to your children that the ‘n-word’ exists and that during the course of their sheltered little lives they may one day be called a ‘n*****’ or, even worse, deign to call somebody else a ‘n*****’ (90).

The Dum Dum Donut Intellectuals don’t think bringing back Dickens is a good idea. The think tank members continue to come off poorly. They don’t care about Dickens because they don’t care about the community. Many other people believe in Dickens and Me’s project, and they guard Me’s DIY borders and add on to them. Dickens continues to symbolize collaboration, though it’s a collaboration whose moral and communitarian value is deeply ambiguous.

During one of F. K.’s book clubs, Marpessa responds to a list of books premised on racial identity by saying, “That’s why [B]lack literature sucks” (130). She bonds with Me over their shared interest in the Jewish Czech writer Franz Kafka. They read The Trial (1925), whose protagonist, Josef K., like Me, faces a byzantine, absurd justice system. They also read Amerika (1927), where Karl, similar to Me, tries to find his identity in an exploitative, antagonistic society. Adding to the tension between Racial and Personal Identity, both Me and Marpessa find their experiences of racialized American absurdity mirrored in the work of a white writer who lived in Europe almost a century in the past.

Racism continues to be inseparable from Hominy’s identity as Me puts the segregation sign on the bus as a present for his birthday. By coincidence, Hominy shares a birthday with Rodney King, making Hominy’s birthday something of a public event in his community. As a victim of police violence, Rodney King sparked an uprising that became a pivotal part of Los Angeles history. In this way both King and Hominy embody a relationship between Racial and Personal Identity that contrasts with that of Me and Marpessa. However King understood his identity privately, as a public figure he became synonymous with racial victimization. Hominy, at this stage of the novel, appears to have no inner life beyond the racist stereotypes he embodies. Having internalized those stereotypes at a young age, he cannot escape them except by reenacting them.

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