91 pages • 3 hours read
Katherine ApplegateA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Ivan tells Ruby that while he’s sure the other elephants will “love you,” he himself doesn’t need love, but “respect” (252). However, he worries that he won’t be able to earn that respect—he hasn’t had “much practice being a real gorilla” (252). Ruby says she’ll finally go in the box the next day, and Ivan says Stella would have approved.
The next morning, Maya and her colleagues arrive to take the animals to the zoo. Ruby is scared, but Ivan encourages her, and soon they’ve taken her box away. When Ivan is about to leave, Bob licks Ivan’s chin, and Ivan calls his friend “the One and Only Bob” (257). He gives Bob the Not-Tag toy “to help you sleep” (258), and Bob takes it and scurries off.
Ivan awakens to realize he’s moving, inside “the grumbling belly of some great beast” (260), and then he falls back asleep.
Ivan misses his cage, his art, and Bob—Ivan’s “belly” is “cold without him” (263).
Ivan says the food is “fine” in his new cage, but there’s no “soda” or “cotton candy” (264).
Ivan’s only visitors are Maya and the other zoo workers, and he questions whether he’s “stopped being famous” (265).
After an “endless” number of days, Ivan senses something shifting, “like far-off rain clouds gathering” (266).
Maya puts a new TV in Ivan’s cage, one that shows “gorillas being gorillas” (267), eating, playing, and sleeping.
Each day Ivan observes the “odd” gorilla family on his new TV: three females and a young male, “without a silverback to protect them” (268).
Today the humans seem particularly enthusiastic, and Maya “grins goofily” (269) as she pulls a string near Ivan’s cage.
Ivan sees the gorilla family he watched on TV—but now they’re on the opposite side of the glass wall of his cage, “watching me watching them” (269).
Ivan covers and uncovers his eyes, and the gorilla family “are still there” (271).
For days Ivan watches the gorilla family through the glass wall, and they study him as well. Ivan asks himself, “Are they as fascinated by me as I am by them?” (272).
Ivan “admire[s]” a female gorilla named Kinyani, who is quicker and “probably smarter” (273) than Ivan, but not nearly as large as he is. He finds her both “terrifying” and “beautiful, like a painting that moves” (273).
The humans bring Ivan to a door into the gorilla enclosure, but Ivan isn’t “ready to be a silverback” (274), and he doesn’t go through the door.
This chapter consists of a list of aspects of nature—“grass,” “tree,” “cloud,” “flower,” “rock,” and many more—followed by the words: “Mine. Mine. Mine” (277).
Ivan comes close to the other gorillas and even “strut[s] a bit” (278), but the others are suspicious, and Kinyani chases Ivan and throws a stick at him. She’s “testing” Ivan to see if he’s a strong protector, a “true silverback,” and instead of rising to the challenge, Ivan “cower[s]” (278) until Maya guides him back to his cage.
That night, Ivan attempts to remember his life as a gorilla in the wild, hoping to “imagine Ivan as he might have been” (279).
When the young male gorilla comes close to Ivan’s food, Ivan beats his chest and the youngster “retreats” (280). However, Ivan knows he is only “pretending” (280) and is not yet a true silverback.
Ivan makes a too-small, too-fragile nest while the other gorillas “grunt […] their disapproval,” but Ivan still thinks sitting in his nest is “like floating on treetop mist” (281).
Maya leads Ivan back to his cage, although this time he’s reluctant to return. In the cage, he sees something different on the TV: Ruby, playing with two other young elephants, while an older elephant lovingly pets Ruby. Ivan sees “joy” in Ruby’s eyes, and he puts a hand on the glass of his cage, trying to tell Maya “thank you” with his “eyes” (283).
Kinyani touches Ivan’s shoulder and runs away, and Ivan is confused—until he realizes they’re playing tag, and he’s “it” (284).
Ivan is strutting, grunting, and throwing sticks, courting Kinyani—“romance” might appear “easy on TV,” Ivan thinks, but he’s “not sure [he] will ever get the hang of it” (285).
In this brief chapter, Ivan wonders if anything is “sweeter” than another gorilla “pull[ing] a dead bug from your fur” (287).
Ivan tells the other gorillas—whom he now thinks of as “my troop” (288)—about both his life at the mall and his childhood in Africa. Once he finishes, Kinyani comes to him, and they “let the sun soak into our fur. Together” (288).
Workers have been fixing a wall at one end of Ivan’s enclosure, and now that they’re finished, he wants to explore the hill near that wall. He enjoys the sensations of grass and wind, the sight of a tree his sister “would have loved” (289), but still he sees the wall extending into other animals’ habitats. The wall demonstrates that “this is, after all, still a cage”—but at the same time, he notices rich mud, and sees the wall as “an endless blank billboard” (290).
Ivan, “an artist at work” (291), makes pictures on the zoo wall with mud. Once he’s done, he takes a perch in a tree to “admire [his] work” (292). He’s happy to see his “dreamy and wild” (292) painting, like something Julia would create—but he’s even happier to realize that from his higher vantage point, he can see elephants.
Late one evening, Julia and George appear at the zoo. Ivan “hoot[s] and grunt[s]” in a “gorilla dance of happiness” (297), until he hears someone telling him to chill out—Bob, hitching a ride in Julia’s backpack. Bob tells Ivan he’s living with Julia and George, and she’s paying for his food by walking dogs. Julia holds up a photo, and though it’s too small for Ivan to see, she explains it’s Ruby living with other elephants—“Because of you” (299). Julia and George gaze at each other “across the expanse that separates us” (300), until Julia leaves while thanking her dad for helping her bring Ivan to the zoo. Bob calls back to Ivan, “You are the One and Only Ivan” (300), and Ivan agrees. As he heads to the gorillas he now considers “my family, my life, my home,” Ivan adds that he is “Mighty Silverback” (300).
As the final chapters of The One and Only Ivan begin, Ivan says his last goodbyes at the mall and prepares to embark on his new life at the zoo. One important goodbye is with Mack, who visits Ivan late at night and brings a photo of Mack and a young Ivan together. Clearly, Mack once cared for Ivan, but in the end, the mall owner leaves without “look[ing] back” (255). Mack becomes a human character who never tries to make up for his harmful treatment of animals. With humans like Mack, it’s understandable why the other character Ivan must say goodbye to, Bob, insists that he wants to remain “untamed,” “a wild beast” (251). Still, Ivan worries about what will happen to his stray dog friend and gives Bob his Not-Tag doll as he leaves for the zoo.
Once Ivan arrives at the zoo, he is initially disconcerted to find himself in another isolated cage, and he discovers that he still has challenges to overcome before he can reclaim his identity as a wild gorilla. Ivan’s new transformation begins when the zookeepers place a TV in his cage, showing images of a gorilla family “without a silverback” (268), and then they raise a window shade covering one side of his cage, revealing that the gorilla family on the TV actually exists on the other side of this glass. Here, the author explores a new aspect of the novel’s cage symbolism: Whereas before, a glass wall separated Ivan from humans, here he is divided from others of his own kind, with both sides carefully observing each other. Unlike the barrier between animals and humans, this is a division Ivan can cross—but to do so he must watch “how [the gorillas] live” (272) and remember how to live this way himself.
When the humans first remove the barrier between Ivan’s cage and the other gorillas, Ivan believes he is “not ready to be a silverback” (274) and refuses to go through the door. Again, Applegate reminds readers of how humans deny animals their natural identity: Ivan, separated from his own kind, has never learned how to be a gorilla leader. However, Ivan relies on the strength of the animal bonds he has formed to find the courage to join the other gorillas. Ivan tells himself that Ruby, the elephant he’s come to love, “would have been through that door by now” (275)—and he steps through the door himself.
When Ivan enters the zoo’s gorilla habitat, the author first emphasizes how important access to nature is for animals—and how much damage humans caused by keeping Ivan from a life in the wild. Ivan is overcome by the miracle of “sky,” “grass,” flower[s]” and “rock[s],” and he proclaims that all these riches are “Mine. Mine. Mine” (277), at last. While Ivan immediately feels at home in the natural world, finding his place in his troop is more difficult and involves courting one of the female gorillas, Kinyani. At first, Ivan only “pretend[s]” (280) to be a silverback, but as he spends more time with the other gorillas, telling them about his past and playing tag with Kinyani as he once did with his sister, Ivan becomes the gorilla “he might have been” (279) if he had come of age in the wild. Finally, Ivan can appreciate the connection with others of his own species that humans have deprived him of his entire life. In a short chapter entitled “grooming,” he wonders: “Is there anything sweeter than the touch of another as she pulls a dead bug from your fur?” (287).
Although Ivan is embracing his new identity as a silverback, he hasn’t abandoned his role as an artist. While exploring his new territory, he spies a white wall “like an endless blank billboard” (290)—the perfect canvas for him to paint with mud, remaining, as always, “an artist at work” (291). At the same time, through the image of this “endless, clean and white” (289) wall, the novel’s symbolism of cages and zoos reaches its culmination: Ivan concludes that the zoo “is, after all, still a cage,” with barriers “carefully built to keep [animals] in and others out” (290). Even though humans have provided a safe place for wild animals to live, the separation between these animals and the human species can never be erased entirely.
When Ivan climbs a tree to admire his artwork, another of the novel’s themes reaches a satisfying conclusion, as Ivan catches sight of Ruby living happily with other elephants in a nearby habitat. Ivan knows that “Ruby’s safe. Just like [he] promised” (294) to Stella. Through his love and loyalty to Stella and Ruby, Ivan managed to achieve great things, both for himself and his elephant friends.
While Ivan is finally ready to claim a new identity as leader of his gorilla troop, he requires one last encounter with friends from his old life to truly move beyond his past and look to the future. Julia visits the zoo, with Bob hiding in her backpack, and Ivan learns that Bob now has a safe home as well: He lives with Julia and provides company for her sick mother. Even Bob, the animal who always said he “didn’t want a home” (299), has found a happy one. While Ivan is happy to see Julia and proud when she praises him for saving Ruby, Ivan also recognizes “the expanse that separates” (300) the two of them—a final reminder of the unbridgeable gulf between the human and animal worlds.
After saying goodbye to Julia, Ivan is ready to return to his own “home,” his “life” and his “family” of fellow gorillas (300)—but first he receives one last word of support from Bob. Bob tells Ivan, as he has so many times throughout the novel, that the gorilla is “the One and Only Ivan” (300). Previously, Ivan didn’t believe he could be as strong as the silverback gorilla on the mall billboard, the “One and Only.” Now, however, Ivan is proud to call himself “Mighty Silverback” (300). As the novel ends, Ivan, through his love for his friends and his own inner strength, has become what he was always meant to be.
By Katherine Applegate