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50 pages 1 hour read

Ellen Marie Wiseman

The Lost Girls of Willowbrook

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Chapters 1-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: The guide and source text contain references to and descriptions of domestic violence, rape, sexual assault, institutional abuse, violent murder, suicide, and self-harm.

Sixteen-year-old Sage Winters waits to take a bus to Willowbrook State School in Staten Island in New York City in December of 1971. Sage has just discovered that her twin sister, Rosemary, didn’t die six years ago as Sage was told, but has been a patient at Willowbrook. Now, Rosemary has gone missing. As Sage waits, she thinks of her friends Heather and Dawn’s stories about the serial killer Cropsey. She thinks of her boyfriend Noah’s infidelity—she caught him kissing another girl, which reminds her of her parents’ divorce and her estrangement from her father. Sage’s mother is dead, and she now lives with her abusive stepfather Alan. Sage passes some missing posters, wonders where those children are, and imagines their fear and sadness.

Staten Island has always been a kind of dumping ground. In the 19th century, it was a quarantine zone for people with contagious illness. It has housed institutions like the tuberculosis hospital, the Farm Colony poorhouse, the Willowbrook State School, and the Fresh Kills garbage dump where many of the locals work.

Sage encounters a veteran with physical disabilities asking for money and gives him the change in her pocket. She worries about Rosemary and thinks about Alan, who treats her badly and has lied to her for years about her sister. The night before, Alan got a call from Willowbrook that Rosemary was missing. When Sage confronted Alan, he told her that her late mother had sent Rosemary to Willowbrook, telling everyone she’d died of pneumonia to avoid stigma. Alan insults Rosemary’s disabilities, but Sage remembers that Rosemary had seen the small beauties of the world and always pointed them out. She’d also had physical and mental health challenges: illnesses resulting in hospitalizations, meltdowns when she would violently lash out, and delusions of voices. Angry at Sage, Alan slapped her and demanded she respect him. Sage refused to ever respect him after his lies. When he moved to hit her again, she left the house.

Chapter 2 Summary

As she waits for the bus, Sage wonders how her mother could have faked Rosemary’s death and whether guilt drove her to drink herself to death. She misses her father and wonders if he would have stopped her mother from putting Rosemary in Willowbrook. The bus arrives, covered in graffiti, which reminds her of the tunnels under the old tuberculosis hospital and the stories of Cropsey.

As the bus travels along its route, she looks enviously at people going about their lives. At the last stop, the driver checks to make sure she’s going to Willowbrook; only Sage and another couple remain on the bus. When they arrive on the Willowbrook campus, she tries to send her thoughts to her father, hoping he’ll somehow come to her rescue. Initially, she is reassured by the brightly colored playgrounds and peaceful natural scenery. She allows herself to hope that everything is fine, that Rosemary has been found safely, and is living a good life at Willowbrook. When they stop, Sage realizes her purse is gone. The driver helps her look for the purse, then takes her name and number in case it’s found.

When Sage goes into Willowbrook, the signs make it seem less like a school and more like a mental hospital. She asks the receptionist about Rosemary and is asked to wait for the doctor. The couple from the bus visits their son and speaks critically to an attendant, accusing him of hiding the poor treatment of the patients. As time passes, Sage grows concerned that they’ll tell her Rosemary has died. But then, a doctor in a tweed suit appears; he believes that Sage is actually her twin sister Rosemary.

Chapter 3 Summary

Sage tries to convince the orderly and doctor that she’s not Rosemary, but the doctor doesn’t believe her. She is forced her onto a gurney, strapped down, and given a sedative. She keeps insisting that she’s Rosemary’s twin, but the doctor responds that Sage doesn’t exist and is only part of her psychosis. Sage slowly loses consciousness.

Sage has a drug-induced nightmare of the night Rosemary went to the hospital and never came home. Rosemary hunched in a corner of their shared room making odd noises. When Sage asked what she’s doing, Rosemary screamed uncontrollably. Sage’s mother and Alan rushed in to calm her, but Rosemary screamed that she couldn’t breathe, that she was being choked. Rosemary was rushed to the hospital. The next day, Sage’s mother called Sage at home to say that Rosemary had a high fever. A day later, Sage was told that Rosemary died.

Sage wakes in a hospital room, still tied to the gurney. It takes her a minute to understand that she’s in Willowbrook and that the staff believe she’s Rosemary. She yells for help several times before an attendant unlocks the door and tries to reassure her. Sage asks to be released, but the attendant leaves to get the doctor. No one can rescue her: Sage’s boyfriend and friends won’t think much of her being hard to reach, while Alan likely doesn’t want her back.

Dr. Baldwin comes back with the attendant. He claims that Sage is Rosemary’s delusion, and that Rosemary doesn’t have a sister. He reminds her of the times she called home to speak to her mother. At this, Sage remembers her mother talking on the phone, supposedly to an aunt, but not allowing Sage to listen. Sage tries to convince the doctor that she came on a bus and that she’s Rosemary’s identical twin. Baldwin allows her to be released from the restraints, but refuses to believe what she’s telling him. Finally, Sage lashes out and grabs the doctor’s suit jacket. She’s restrained and sedated a second time.

Chapter 4 Summary

When Sage wakes again she is being dragged through a tunnel, her bare feet scraping against the stone floor. The male attendants drag her up a flight of stairs and into House Six, where the wards are overseen by Nurse Vic. The attendants and nurse ignore Sage as she begs them to believe that she isn’t Rosemary. She’s led into Ward D and is shocked by the horrors she sees there. Multiple infants with Down syndrome and limb differences are wheeled by in a single crib. In the hallway are girls in beds and wheelchairs; they look either drugged or like they’ve simply given up on life. The smell is awful—a rancid mix of excrement and cleaning supplies. It looks like the pictures Sage has seen of concentration camps—many of the girls are naked or only wearing a cloth diaper. There are puddles of urine and stains of feces and blood on all surfaces, walls, and floors.

In the ward dorm room, a naked young woman of about 18 is running around screaming, as a male and female attendants chase her. This is Norma, Rosemary’s best friend. Norma slams a wooden chair on the floor, breaking it and cutting her arm badly. She throws the pieces at the attendants, Wayne and Marla, who dodge. They wrestle Norma onto a bed and put her in restraints.

Rosemary’s bed and blanket are filthy. Sage is very cold. She asks for her coat or a sweater and shoes, but the attendant laughs at her. He jokes that Wayne must know where Rosemary goes when she escapes. Sage gets quiet to avoid drawing attention to herself.

The lights are turned off. Sage lies on the bed, brushing away bugs. She falls asleep and has nightmares of Cropsey and Rosemary.

Chapter 5 Summary

Sage wakes to a shriek from one of the other girls. She feels nauseous and anxious that no one has come to rescue her. The attendant named Marla announces that it’s shower day. Girls who can walk and dress themselves strip, go to the disgusting communal toilet room, and allow themselves to be sprayed down with cold water. Those who can’t or refuse to walk are forcibly stripped, placed in carts, and sprayed down. Sage tries to resist, but Marla wrestles her to the bed and chokes her until she agrees to comply. She feels ashamed to be naked, trying to cover herself as she uses a clogged toilet and is hosed off.

She dresses and meets Tina, who’s been at Willowbrook for eight years after her father poured boiling water on her. Tina, whose mother hasn’t come to visit in two years, was also Rosemary’s friend; she believes that Sage is Rosemary. When Sage plays along to investigate, Tina tells her that Rosemary wanted to escape, and that the staff believe Wayne helped her because he was attracted to her.

The girls and women are herded out of the ward. Sage pushes a girl clad only in a diaper in a cart. Sage asks to see a doctor, but unless she needs stitches or is dying, Marla won’t let her. The hall fills as girls and women from the other wards crowd toward double doors. Sage hopes they’re going a classroom or a cafeteria where someone might listen to her, but when she sees their destination, she understands otherwise.

Chapters 1-5 Analysis

The beginning of the novel introduces Willowbrook as the primary setting for the novel. The initial descriptions of the institution’s exterior and interior exemplify Deceptive Appearances. The exterior appears almost idyllic, with natural snowy scenery and bright colorful playground equipment. The buildings look grand and expensive. On her ride through the grounds, Sage assumes that the facilities are equally well maintained, and that the authorities in charge of Willowbrook put the same level of effort into the well-being of the residents. However, as soon as Sage encounters the inside, her impression dramatically changes. The parents who rode on Sage’s bus express concern about their son’s treatment, and Willowbrook’s reception area feels more like a hospital than a school. Then, when Sage is forcibly confined in Ward D, she sees the real horror of its conditions, now no longer concealed by surface paint and scenery.

This section relies on several tropes of Gothic horror, a genre that first became popular in the 18th century. The Gothic relies on foreboding atmosphere and omens of doom, frequently features huge decrepit mansions that hide disturbing secrets of a sexual or violent nature, and tends to follow vulnerable female protagonists who are in danger from and eager to uncover these secrets. The creepy urban legends Sage’s friends tell about the serial killer Cropsey reverberate in her mind make her journey to Willowbrook one of gloomy portent. Although she dismisses the stories, Sage’s obsession with them foreshadows Eddie King’s actual serial murders. The school itself is a Gothic monstrosity—enormous, replete with a history of torture, and full of convoluted passageways and tunnels where peril lurks. Entering the true nightmare of the ward, Sage is dragged forcibly through these tunnels, which mirror the tunnels under the abandoned tuberculosis hospital where Sage’s friends hang out. The underground passageways are tied to dread, violence, and the people who go missing.

Sage’s interior monologue is presented as a series of questions, demonstrating her participation in the ongoing mystery of Rosemary’s disappearance, her investigative engagement, and her dedication to finding her sister. Because the novel is written in third-person limited perspective—the reader is privy only to Sage’s thoughts, but she is not narrating directly—readers are motivated to ask the same questions as Sage.

The vivid descriptions of Willowbrook’s abuse are purposefully intensely disturbing. The novel is graphic about conditions on Sage’s ward, using highly sensory language to convey the level of neglect. The smell of the ward is explicitly a mixture of vomit, urine, and feces; the presence of these bodily fluids on every surface, wall, and floor demonstrates just how little Willowbrook operators care about their charges. Sage and the new attendant taking her to the ward feel are disgusted—to Sage, it smells like death, and readers experience the sensory overwhelm alongside her.

Sage’s dysfunctional family demonstrates The Danger of Secrets. Her estrangement from her father stems from one such secret: her mother’s infidelity, which drove away her father. Another betrayal is the way the truth about Rosemary has been concealed from Sage; this deception then ties into Sage’s mistaken identity at Willowbrook. Just as her mother kept Rosemary’s confinement from Sage, so too did she not tell the school that Rosemary has a twin. At Willowbrook, Rosemary’s stories about Sage have thus been dismissed as delusions. Sage’s mother refused to be honest, and as a result, Sage and Rosemary are in ever-increasing danger.

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