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48 pages 1 hour read

C. S. Lewis

The Horse And His Boy

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1954

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Chapters 4-9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Shasta Falls in with the Narnians”

The day begins with Shasta seeing the glorious island city of Tashbaan for the first time. He is in such awe that Bree must encourage him to move forward. When the city’s trumpeters blow the signal to open the gates, the four move with the vast crowds across the river and into the city. A soldier at the entrance chides Shasta, saying “Hey! Horse-boy! You’ll catch it if your master finds you’ve been using his saddle-horse for pack work” (57). This alerts the four that they might be discovered. They mingle as best they can, moving through the poorer areas of town and making their way upward to the top of the hill where there are expensive houses, temples, and government structures. Though Shasta is pretending to lead, it is Bree behind him who nudges him in the proper direction. When important people move through the streets, criers call out for ordinary people to move out of the way.

When they are very near the crest of Tashbaan, a different group of people passes by them: Narnians who are dressed in woodland clothes, laughing and joking. As this group passes, they see Shasta at the front of the crowd. One of the men points him out, saying, “There he is! There’s our runaway” (61). Though he does not realize it, Shasta has been mistaken for Prince Corin, the young prince of Archenland. Without giving him time to react, the Narnians grab Shasta and take him with them as they walk along, separating him from his three companions. The Narnians ply him with questions, though he remains silent. They take him through a magnificent garden into a sumptuous palace. There he is greeted and kissed by the most beautiful young woman he has ever seen, Queen Susan of Narnia. A faun, Mr. Tumnus, suggests that Shasta is overcome with the heat and needs to receive rest and nourishment.

As he rests and eats wonderful food, the Narnians discuss the fact that Susan has received a proposal for matrimony from Rabadash, a Prince of Calormen who eventually will become the next Tisroc when his father dies. Susan and the other Narnians had been positively impressed by Rabadash when he visited Narnia to introduce himself. Having spent more than a week in his presence in his native land, however, the Narnians have decided he has many negative and despotic qualities. Susan has decided to refuse his proposal. King Edmund, Susan’s brother, says, “We have now seen him for what he is: that is, a most proud, bloody, luxurious, cruel, and self-pleasing tyrant” (68).

Chapter 5 Summary: “Prince Corin”

Edmund warns that Rabadash intends to capture them and force marriage upon Susan if she refuses to accept his proposal freely. In addition to the Narnian humans, there are other talking animals who enter the discussion and warn that Calormenes are treacherous. The discussion turns to Rabadash’s ultimate political aims, with Edmund saying, “Most likely he hopes to make one mouthful of Narnia and Archenland both” (73). As Sallowpad, the talking raven, discusses the geography the Calormenes would encounter when trying to invade Archenland and Narnia, he mentions a shortcut across the desert that Shasta listens to closely.

The conversation turns from Rabadash’s motives to how to get Susan safely out of Calormen. Tumnus suggests that the Narnians tell the Calormen they are planning a great feast for Rabadash and his courtiers on their ship the Splendor Hyaline the following night, implying that Susan will accept the prince’s proposal during the feast. At night, they will leave Tashbaan and sail back to Narnia. Everyone leaves the room to put the plan into effect. Tumnus tells Shasta to remain still until he feels well and provides him the finest meal he has ever eaten.

Alone in the room, Shasta wonders how to get out of the palace and rejoin his companions. He decides he must not tell the Narnians he is not Prince Corin, believing they might take him for a spy and kill him. Shasta falls asleep and is awakened when he hears the crash of a falling vase next to the open window. He sees a boy his age. Dirtied and bloody, with a black eye and missing tooth, he is otherwise identical to Shasta. Shasta realizes this must be Prince Corin.

Corin explains that he got into several fistfights defending the honor of Queen Susan against some Calormen boys. He had gotten arrested and persuaded the guards restraining him to enjoy some wine until they became drunk and he escaped. On the way back to the palace, Corin says, “I found the first boy—the one who had started all the trouble—still hanging about. So I knocked him down again” (85). Shasta asks if he can climb out the same way Corin climbed in. As Shasta is leaving, Corin tells him to go to Archenland and tell his father, King Lune, that he is a friend of Corin’s.

Chapter 6 Summary: “Shasta Among the Tombs”

Shasta climbs out of the palace window and makes his way along the rooftops. He can see the northern vistas, including the river, the tombs, the desert, and the distant mountains where he is ultimately bound. Alone, Shasta makes his way to the northern gate of Tashbaan, crosses the river and walks north. Gradually he loses all other pedestrians and comes to the tombs just as the sun is going down. They are reportedly haunted by ghouls. Shasta decides to wait there as agreed until Aravis and the horses arrive. He wonders if the others got there before him and have already started across the desert, leaving him behind. While he doubts Aravis, he believes Bree would not go on without him.

As it grows darker and more frightening, Shasta is startled by the sudden arrival of a large housecat that rubs against him and stays with him, offering him comfort until he falls asleep. He is awakened by the sound of jackals howling in the desert and growing closer to him. When they are extremely close, a huge lion bounds out from the tombs toward the desert and gives such a terrifying roar that the jackals disappear. Thinking he is about to be eaten by the lion, Shasta prepares himself to die. Lewis writes, “But instead of teeth and claws he only felt something warm lying down at his feet. And when he opened his eyes he said, ‘Why, it’s not nearly as big as I thought! [...] I do declare it’s only the cat’” (95)

The next morning as he continues to wait, Shasta studies the landscape and determines the proper direction that will take him to Archenland. He goes back into Tashbaan for food and drink, then hastens back to the tombs in case the others arrive. As the sun sets, Shasta sees a soldier leading Hwin and Bree to the tombs but does not see Aravis. He remains in hiding, wondering if Aravis has been captured and if sending the horses to tombs is meant to trap him as well.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Aravis in Tashbaan”

A flashback shows that, after Shasta was taken away with the Narnians, another entourage of important people pass by Aravis in the streets of Tashbaan while she stands holding the bridles of the two horses.

This caravan has a litter bearing a Tarkheena named Lasaraleen, an old friend of Aravis, who recognizes her and calls her up into the litter beside her. Aravis closes the curtains and tells the servants to bring the two horses with them. Lasaraleen knows that Aravis’s father is looking for her and she is excited to become part of the intrigue. They go to Lasaraleen’s palatial house, where she commands that no one leave the premises, meaning no servant could share the secret that Aravis is with her.

Aravis tells her story. Lasaraleen is astonished that Aravis does not want to marry Ahoshta, who is now the Grand Vizier. Still, she agrees to help Aravis escape to the desert by leading her through the Tisroc’s palace to a gate by the river. Lasaraleen has the two horses fed and watered and puts food in their saddlebags. Because there is to be a great feast (the diversion planned by the Narnians) Lasaraleen compels Aravis to hide out one day before the plan is enacted.

The next evening, dressed as a servant girl, Aravis accompanies Lasaraleen to the Tisroc’s palace. As they make their way through the lower reaches, the girls see the light of deaf and mute candle bearers coming toward them and sneak into an anteroom, hiding behind a sofa. Soon the candle bearers along with the Tisroc (the aged Grand Vizier, Aravis’s intended husband) and Rabadash enter the room.

Chapter 8 Summary: “In the House of the Tisroc”

Lewis continues the narrative from within the anteroom where the two girls are concealed. Aravis can see and hear the conversation in which Rabadash demands that his father allow him to get revenge upon the Narnians for sneaking away on their ship the previous night. The Tisroc is unwilling to go to war against the Narnians since there is the legend that Narnia is guarded by a demon who takes the shape of a lion.

Rabadash has a plan. He will take 200 cavalrymen and seize the castle of King Lune in Archenland. From there they will launch a surprise attack into Narnia, the goal of which is merely to kidnap Susan and return her to Calormen. Rabadash intends to retain control of Archenland, where he will gradually build up his forces until they can successfully surprise and overwhelm Narnia. The Tisroc gives his permission for the mission with the caveat that Rabadash is on his own and the Tisroc will deny any knowledge of the raid if it fails or causes diplomatic upheaval.

Once Rabadash leaves the room, the Tisroc and the Grand Vizier have a candid conversation during which it becomes clear that the Tisroc has no affection for Rabadash and would not be upset if his son’s plan fails and he is killed. The Tisroc says, “I have eighteen other sons and Rabadash, after the manner of the eldest sons of kings, was beginning to be dangerous” (129). At last, the Grand Vizier and the Tisroc leave the room without detecting the girls’ presence.

Chapter 9 Summary: “Across the Desert”

Lasaraleen is terrified and wants only to return to her home and pretend she heard nothing. Aravis is determined to escape across the river and rejoin her friends. Lasaraleen understands that any mention of what they heard will result in their immediate execution. Aravis persuades Lasaraleen to take her to the river, where she gets into a small boat and crosses the water. She finds the servant holding the horses and tells him to return to the Lasaraleen’s house. When he leaves, Shasta emerges from where he had been hiding. Aravis relates Rabadash’s plan to them. Shasta shows them where he marked the proper direction toward a valley oasis in the desert. It takes the four of them several days to cross the desert, stopping to rest and be renewed at the oasis.

Chapters 4-9 Analysis

Prior to Chapter 4, the story concerns two children who had been persuaded by two sentient talking horses to run away from their oppressive lives, hoping for nothing more than to escape their predetermined destinies. In Chapters 4-6, the children fall into grave machinations that will impact the lives of grownups and nations. Coincidentally, they serendipitously overhear the opposite sides of desperate adult plans regarding events that impact the lives and freedom of the most important people in three kingdoms. Ultimately, each of them will play an integral part in the directions of those plans. When Lewis drops these children at precise moments from relative innocence into life-or-death scheming, he signals that their running away was not the result of impulsive decisions. Instead, divine fate led them to escape, brought them together in the wilderness, and separated them briefly in Tashbaan. The experiences of the children are expressions of Lewis’s belief that nothing happens by accident.

When Shasta sees the Narnians, he is instantly attracted to them. When seized, he is treated royally and, eventually, he discovers that he is royalty. While he does not know it, Shasta is at last with the people to whom he belongs. In contrast, when Aravis overhears the conversation between the three most important men in Calormen, she cannot wait to escape. She knows she does not belong. Lewis is not merely describing two children who figure out they are much more at home in a new culture. Rather, he is espousing a spiritual doctrine that worthy individuals belong with other godly people of integrity. Shoring this up is the greeting Aslan bestows upon Aravis when they meet in Chapter 14 and the lion says, “Draw near, Aravis my daughter” (216). Lewis implies that Aravis belonged to Aslan all along. This notion of individuals belonging to God is present in many of Lewis’s writings and mirrors his understanding of God reclaiming Lewis and his service.

There are several other contrasts Lewis highlights in this middle section where both Narnians and Calormenes are featured. One obviously intentional distinction is the way Shasta has learned never to trust adults, while Corin implicitly trusts those around him. Lewis means this as a comment on the type of culture and upbringing each received. The Calormen children understand that determining their own futures means they must deceive the adults who have scripted their lives. Corin, a northern child, feels comfortable striking out on his own adventures, though it would never occur to him to run away from the adults who adore him.

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