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57 pages 1 hour read

Margaret Atwood

The Handmaid's Tale

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1985

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Character Analysis

Offred

Offred is the novel’s protagonist and first-person narrator. In her life before Gilead, she was married to Luke, a man with whom she had previously had an affair. They had a daughter together. As Gilead overthrew the government, curtailing women’s freedom and autonomy, Offred was largely apathetic. She had long eschewed her mother’s feminist politics and demonstrations, and when marches were organized to protest the increasing restrictions on women’s liberty, she did not attend, accepting Luke’s belief that “it would be futile and I had to think about them, my family” (189).

At some stage, this restrictive life became too much for Offred and Luke, and they attempted to escape into Canada. However, once this fails and Offred is separated from her husband and daughter, she becomes outwardly passive once more, although her thoughts remain critical and insightful. After being “reeducated” by the vicious, authoritative Aunts, Offred is forced to become a Handmaid and is, after several other appointments, assigned to the Commander (from whom she gets her name “of-Fred”) and his Wife, Serena Joy. Despite the horror of her situation and her ability to astutely analyze the machinations and mechanisms at play, she is largely reluctant to rebel against her imprisonment and abuse. She is aware of this trait and often chastises herself for it, noticing how much “the expectation of others”—essentially that she become a passive vessel for carrying children—“have become my own” (83) and denouncing herself as “a wimp” (306). She frequently thinks about what she “should” have done in certain situations and, reflecting on her tale, “wish[es] this story […] showed me in a better light […] more active, less hesitant, less distracted by trivia” (279).

Offred’s passivity, complacency, and compliance are significant. Rather than being a simplistic feminist superhero figure, fearlessly prepared to challenge the violent and repressive status quo of Gilead, Offred is a more complex, contradictory, and problematic figure. Offred could not withstand torture, is willing to “resign my body freely, to the uses of others” in order “to keep on living, in any form” (298), and is ultimately, as she says of Janine, a fellow Handmaid, someone who simply wants to “lead her life as agreeably as possible” (127). In this respect, she is essentially an ordinary person trapped in an extraordinary, terrible situation, and this raises complex, uncomfortable questions about how to respond to such a life, making the novel more affecting and challenging. 

The Commander

A high-ranking officer in the Gileadean state, the Commander is effectively Offred’s master until she conceives a child for him and his wife, Serena Joy, and is moved to another posting. According to Offred, he looks like “a midwestern bank president” with silver hair, “his blue eyes uncommunicative, falsely innocuous” (97). He seems somewhere between indifferent to and unaware of the suffering enacted by the regime, arguing that they are trying to “do better” than earlier societies while casually dismissing Offred’s criticisms by noting that “[b]etter never means better for everyone” (222). It is unclear whether he genuinely believes that “we’ve given [women] more than we’ve taken away” (231) or is simply unconcerned with women’s suffering. Certainly, he regularly fails to consider women as real people, treating them more as objects to be owned, used, and “protected” by men.

When the Commander is “fucking […] the lower part of [Offred’s] body” (104), he is engaging in a perfunctory act that “has nothing to do with sexual desire” (105) and is, again, marked by indifference and unawareness. This shifts slightly after he forms a secret relationship with Offred during her visits to his study and she becomes “no longer merely a usable body” (172). His attitude changes from one of indifference to one of patronizing, patriarchal fondness, as though Offred changes from an object to a pet or a precocious child to be humored and entertained but never treated as anything approaching an equal.

After this the Ceremony, or the ritual by which Commanders attempt to impregnate Handmaids, becomes a less detached exercise for him, and he even complains that he finds it “[i]mpersonal” (171) like he has only just noticed this, seemingly still utterly unaware of how abusive and traumatizing it is for Offred. Such delusion, denial, and unawareness are also present when he takes Offred to Jezebel’s, a brothel for high-ranking men, and appears to think that she will genuinely enjoy having sex with him, as though he does not see that the power structures that fundamentally shape his relationship with Offred mean there can never be anything truly mutual or consensual between them. According to the “Historic Notes,” the Commander most likely “met his end […] in one of the earliest purges” (321-22), charged with having “liberal tendencies,” possessing “heretical pictorial and literary materials, and of harbouring a subversive” (322).

Nick

Nick is a member of the Commander’s household and his driver. He lives above the garage on the Commander’s property. Nick is “too casual, he’s not servile enough” (27), particularly because he regularly defies protocol to talk to, and even wink at, Offred. This behavior leads Offred to wonder if he is “an Eye” (28), one of Gilead’s secret police. Offred and Nick share a strong mutual attraction. After they first kiss in the sitting room, they have to “move away from each other, slowly, as if pulled towards each other by a force” (110). Later, they look at each other through the window with “the same kind of hunger” (201) as star-crossed Shakespearean lovers. After Serena suggests that Offred try to conceive by sleeping with Nick, they begin an affair, with Offred visiting him “[t]ime after time” (280) without Serena’s knowledge or blessing. From Offred’s descriptions, the encounters seem to be passionate, and Nick appears to genuinely care for her. However, it is not possible to say with certainty how he truly feels. Likewise, it is not possible to know whether or not he is truly helping her escape at the end of the novel. When he first enters Offred’s room and tells her, “It’s all right. It’s Mayday. Go with them” (305), Offred thinks that he may be an Eye and the “escape” may be a trap. However, the “Historical Notes” suggest that it is likely that he truly was a member of Mayday and was genuinely helping her escape. His own fate remains unknown.

Serena Joy

Serena Joy is the Commander’s Wife. Prior to Gilead’s rise to power, she had been a gospel singer on a children’s television show before giving speeches “about the sanctity of the home” (55) and the need to return to traditional family values. When Offred meets her, she is older, with a walking cane and eyes “the flat hostile blue of a midsummer sky in bright sunlight” (15). Offred hopes that Serena will be like “an older sister, a motherly figure, someone who would understand and protect me” (26). However, she dislikes Offred’s presence in the house because she reminds her of her own infertility and because the Commander has sex, or something like it, with her. Both of these things make her jealous and resentful. When she first meets Offred, she tells her that her husband is “[m]y husband […] Till death do us part. It’s final” (26) and warns her that “if I get trouble, I’ll give trouble back” (25), all the while looking like “[s]he probably longed to slap my face” (26). It is strongly implied that her discovery of her husband’s “affair” with the previous Handmaid is the reason the woman hanged herself. Serena always cries before the Ceremony, “trying not to make a noise” (101), and afterward tells Offred to “[g]et up and get out” with “loathing in her voice” (106). It is Serena’s idea that Offred try to conceive a child with Nick, something she appears to hold no qualms about. She also seems to feel no guilt about bribing Offred with a picture of her daughter, who Offred has not seen for years, revealing that, with a callousness to rival the Commander’s, she has known the girl’s location and condition for some time and has not told Offred or offered to help in anyway. In this, and numerous other assertions of authority, she is shown to be, like the Aunts, complicit in the oppression and subordination of her fellow women. The “Historical Notes” suggest that the name “Serena Joy” “appears to have been a somewhat malicious invention by [Offred]” (321). 

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