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50 pages 1 hour read

Isabel Cañas

The Hacienda

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Chapters 21-27Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 21 Summary

Andrés and Juana attend the dinner with Rodolfo, Beatriz, and the hacendados. During dinner, Beatriz sees María Catalina sitting at the table with them, but she soon disappears. Juana gets drunk and embarrasses Rodolfo with her behavior. When the hacendados leave, Rodolfo grabs Juana and forces her out of the room. Andrés and Beatriz overhear them arguing, and they discover that Juana is Rodolfo’s illegitimate half sister. Rodolfo hits Juana and threatens to disown her if she does not behave, and then returns to Beatriz and Andrés in a bright mood. He tells Beatriz that it is time for bed, and she dreads being alone in the hacienda with her violent husband and the angry spirits.

Chapter 22 Summary

As she and Rodolfo go upstairs to bed, Beatriz feels the presence of María Catalina grow stronger in the house. On the staircase, Beatriz sees a vision of a corpse covered in blood.

In the bedroom, Rodolfo tries to have sex with Beatriz. Even though she refuses, he does not stop until she tells him she is on her period. Surrounded by complete darkness, Beatriz has a nightmare about the night her father died. She wakes up to the sounds of doors slamming in the house and suddenly knows that she is about to die. She escapes the house, desperate to survive the night. Beatriz feels the darkness pressing in on her but sprints to the chapel, toward Andrés, who she knows will keep her safe.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Andrés”

Andrés wakes in the night and finds Beatriz in the chapel. He sees how terrified she is, so he holds her and comforts her like a child. Andrés knows his love for Beatriz is a sin, yet he does not feel guilty for loving her. Beatriz tells him she cannot go back to the house, so she decides to sleep in one of the pews. Andrés promises to wake her in the morning and take her back into the house before Rodolfo realizes she is gone. Beatriz tells him that she knows what Rodolfo did to his servants, and she believes that his evil nature keeps him from seeing the supernatural elements of the house. Andrés is glad that she knows the truth and tells her to sleep while he watches over her.

Chapter 24 Summary: “Beatriz”

Andrés wakes Beatriz in the morning to take her back to the house. Beatriz tells him about the visions she had the night before. They know this means that María Catalina is getting stronger, and Andrés worries about Beatriz’s safety. Beatriz wonders if Rodolfo killed his wife because of the writing on the wall and the way things have changed since he returned. Andrés does not know who killed María but tells Beatriz that the angry nature of María Catalina’s spirit reflects how she acted in life.

Beatriz asks Andrés if he thinks María murdered Mariana. Andrés tells her that Mariana’s death was his fault because he was not there to protect her, but he does not know how she died. Andrés does not want to talk about his past and escorts her back to the house. Beatriz is nervous to go back inside, but she finds comfort in knowing that Andrés will be nearby if she needs him. Andrés is already walking back to the chapel when he hears Beatriz screaming from the house.

Chapter 25 Summary: “Andrés”

This chapter takes place in February 1821, two years earlier. Andrés has decided to help Mariana with her abortion. He gathers herbs and brings them to San Isidro for Paloma to give to Mariana. He instructs Paloma on how to prepare the herbs, but she asks him to write it down because she has trouble keeping track of the instructions. Andrés feels uneasy about this because it creates evidence, but Paloma convinces him that it is better than her confusing his instructions.

While he is writing everything down, María Catalina comes into the kitchen and reads over his shoulder. She realizes what they are doing and tells Andrés that he should stop encouraging her servants to sin, especially as a priest. Andrés tells her that he protects them because “they suffer so at the hands of their patrón” (264). Andrés’ insinuation about Rodolfo infuriates María, and she threatens to tell Padre Vicente about his satanic practices. Paloma grabs the papers with the instructions and throws them in the fire, destroying the evidence. María slaps her and banishes Andrés from the property. She tells him that if he ever comes back, she will hand Paloma over to the Inquisition. Andrés leaves, devastated that he will never be able to come back to San Isidro, his home.

Chapter 26 Summary: “Beatriz”

Beatriz finds Rodolfo murdered in their bed. She waits outside her bedchamber while the local military officers, Andrés, and José Mendoza investigate. They call her back into the bedroom, and she sees Rodolfo’s body again. The murderer cut Rodolfo’s throat with a knife, and there is blood everywhere. She hallucinates that Rodolfo’s body speaks to her, and Paloma takes her out of the room before she faints.

Paloma sits with Beatriz while she recovers from her shock. Beatriz is convinced that María Catalina’s spirit killed Rodolfo. Beatriz asks Paloma what happened with Mariana’s death, and Paloma tells her about Andrés’s banishment. After Andrés left that day, María beat Paloma until she told her which servant was pregnant. A week later, María ordered Mariana to hang the candelabras from the ledge in the dining room, and she slipped and died. María Catalina was the only one in the room when it happened, and Paloma is sure that María Catalina pushed her.

As Beatriz listens, she realizes that the spirit of María Catalina would never kill Rodolfo because she killed for him when she was alive. Despite Rodolfo’s monstrosity, María Catalina cared for him. Beatriz realizes that the only person who would have wanted Rodolfo dead was Juana. Juana must have killed Rodolfo after he threatened to disown her because she does not want to lose her power at the hacienda. Juana must have killed María Catalina as well for getting in the way of her authority. As Beatriz puts this together, Juana walks in with the military officers and accuses Beatriz of killing her brother.

Chapter 27 Summary: “Andrés”

The authorities place Beatriz under house arrest after Juana’s accusation. Andrés, Paloma, and Mendoza sit in Mendoza’s room, debating what to do to help her. Andrés tells them that Beatriz could not have killed Rodolfo because she was with him all night. Yet, he knows that he cannot tell this to the authorities because it will ruin Beatriz’s reputation. Mendoza saw a woman, who was not Beatriz, running away from the house in the early morning, but he tells Andrés that no military authority will believe the word of a Mestizo over a Criolla’s word. Andrés tells them that Juana is not Rodolfo’s legitimate sister, and Paloma suggests that they use this information to extort her. Andrés volunteers to go into the house at night and find proof of Juana’s parentage in Old Solórzano’s study.

Chapters 21-27 Analysis

Rodolfo exposes his true nature when he violently drags Juana from the parlor after the dinner with the hacendados. He slaps her when she mentions their father’s name, telling her he will no longer “tolerate [her] lying bastard tongue” and threatens to disown her (228). Rodolfo’s return to the parlor in high spirits as if nothing happened shows Beatriz that he is a two-faced liar. She sees that he is a “creature of rage and violence on one side, a serene, gilded, prince on the other. He was a staunch defender of the Republic and casta abolitionist who raped women who worked on his property” (229). Beatriz feels trapped because she is in danger, both from the house that wants her dead and the husband who might assault her. With this, Rodolfo embodies patriarchal violence and the continuation of colonial violence after independence. While the revolution empowered men like Rodolfo, liberation is not guaranteed for women like Beatriz or other marginalized groups.

In the flashbacks, María Catalina’s threats toward Paloma and Andrés show how she uses her privilege as a Criolla to dehumanize those she believes are less than her. She threatens to tell Padre Vicente of Andrés’s actions and reminds him of her power when she says, “My word against yours, Padre—to whom do you think he will listen?” (266). This line reveals María Catalina’s insidious nature because she knows about her privilege as a white woman and uses this knowledge to her advantage and Andrés’s detriment. Andrés hates that people will believe María just based on her skin color and realizes that “there is no draft more bitter than that of helplessness” (266). Before Andrés can leave the property, Juana reminds him of the power of colonialism once more when she calls him by his father’s name, “Villalobos.” Andrés does not answer her because he hates that name. It is a constant reminder of his past as if he “had no other identity but the legacy of the Spanish foreman forcing himself on an hacienda maid and being ordered to marry her. That name was a living, breathing scar of the Criollo stranglehold on this land” (267). Sexual violence is shown to be part of the novel’s present and past, showing the cyclical nature of imperialist violence and trauma. The history of Andrés’s name and what his father did to his mother highlights how deep the wounds of colonization run for the Indigenous people, even after the revolution.

Chapter 27 mirrors the interaction between Andrés and María Catalina when Andrés tries to figure out how to clear Beatriz’s name. Even though Mendoza saw a woman leaving the house that night, Mendoza reminds him Juana’s words hold more power in court. Andrés finds himself in the same helpless situation as before because he knows that even though the “casta system was abolished […] the courts outside the capitol carried on with business as usual: legally, the word of a criolla like Juana was still worth that of two Indios in court” (279). This situation reflects how the remnants of colonization still exist in Mexican society. Despite the abolishment of the casta system, the white supremacist belief that those of Spanish descent are superior to anyone else still exists in their society. However, the second time Andrés experiences this situation, he refuses to let his helplessness hold him back because Beatriz’s life is at stake. This time, Andrés chooses to act and extort Juana, fueled with the knowledge that his truth will triumph over her lies. This is a moment of character development for Andrés, and it also represents breaking cycles of trauma rather than repeating them.

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By Isabel Cañas