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59 pages 1 hour read

Henry James

The Golden Bowl

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1904

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Part 2, Books 5-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “The Princess”

Part 2, Book 5, Chapters 35-37 Summary

The “little party” at Fawns begins. Maggie feels free, as though she has suddenly been liberated from a murky prison. She has not talked to Amerigo since their confrontation, and she believes that her husband has maintained a clear distance from Charlotte, just as he has kept his distance from her. Maggie explains this to Fanny, who is bemused that Maggie is so certain that Amerigo will not have told Charlotte what has happened. When she explained the situation with the shopkeeper to Amerigo, Maggie revealed that the shopkeeper had sought to bring the money back to her because he felt an affinity toward her. He described how he knew the people in the photographs, but only by chance. He did not deem them worthy of his remembrance, unlike Maggie.

Mrs. Rance and the Miss Lutches return to Fawns just as the Castledeans depart. Maggie is sure that Charlotte wants to speak to her about her possible affair. One evening, Maggie leaves the dinner table by herself to observe the group from afar. She stands on the balcony, feeling detached from the others. She watches and judges them. Charlotte joins Maggie on the balcony. Together, they watch Adam Verver. They privately wonder whose side he might be on. As they go to the other side of the house, Charlotte demands to know whether Maggie has “any ground of complaint” against her (479). She has noticed Maggie’s coldness toward her and she wants an explanation. Reservedly, Maggie issues a flat statement: She has no issue with Charlotte. To seal this apparent peace, Charlotte asks for a kiss from Maggie. The kiss is delayed by the appearance of the other guests.

Several days pass. Maggie and her father take a walk and discuss recent events. Adam asks his daughter about Mrs. Ranch and the Miss Lutches. Maggie now believes that she can better handle them, as she is stronger than she has ever been. Maggie tells her father that she is sorry that she has made him a victim through her selfishness. Adam refuses his daughter’s attempts to apologize. He wonders whether he should take Charlotte to America with him. Maggie and her father agree that they trust one another over everyone else, including their respective husband and wife. As before the marriages, they are a unit unto themselves.

Part 2, Book 5, Chapters 38-39 Summary

Maggie believes that the arrival of the guests at a moment when she and Charlotte seemed to be making amends has helped both her and Charlotte. The other guests now assume that whatever “quarrel” had taken place between the two women has been resolved; the tension in the house is reduced. Maggie knows that this is not true. She is surprised by how much the others have misunderstood the situation, but she does not correct them. She believes their misunderstanding will help her save her marriage. To Maggie, Charlotte now seems like an animal that has broken out of its cage and started to roam around the grounds. Charlotte is acting as the perfect hostess to the guests at Fawns. With Amerigo keeping his distance from her, Charlotte seems even more compelled to play the role of the perfect hostess. Amerigo is so determined to keep his distance that he makes up reasons to leave Fawns regularly. Each departure, coupled with Charlotte’s pretensions, breaks Maggie’s heart. She pities Charlotte’s apparent sense of isolation. When Amerigo is at Fawns, he wanders alone through the galleries in a contemplative mood. To Maggie, Amerigo seems to actively seek out his isolation. He seems exhausted by the duties of being a husband. When Charlotte emits a piercing noise, as though she is wounded, Amerigo does not even look at her.

On a Sunday, the remaining guests at Fawns are the Assinghams, the Ververs, and Father Mitchell, who is visiting from his nearby church. Amerigo and Maggie are also present. Fanny turns to Maggie, wondering whether she would prefer if Fanny and Bob left. Fanny would prefer to stay and support Maggie however she can. Maggie tells Fanny to stay and “see [her] through” (519).

Charlotte separates herself from the other guests. Even though the August weather is very warm, she takes a solitary walk around the grounds in the afternoon. Maggie has recommended a book to Charlotte, which she takes with her on the walk. She has mistakenly selected the second, rather than the first, of the novel’s three volumes. Maggie uses this as a “pretext” for confronting Charlotte. She approaches Charlotte, book in hand, and Charlotte invites her to talk. Charlotte admits to Maggie that life at Fawns tires her. She and Adam are planning to go to America, which Maggie already knows. They plan to depart immediately. Maggie asks whether Charlotte is taking her father away from her. Charlotte wants to be with her husband, she says, and she wonders whether Maggie believes this to be desirable. Maggie agrees that her father is well worth the effort. Charlotte has long suspected that Maggie dislikes the marriage between herself and Adam and wants to know whether Maggie has been plotting against her. Maggie is dismissive. She may have plotted, she suggests, but wonders whether this matters if she has “failed.“

Part 2, Book 6, Chapters 40-42 Summary

Adam and Charlotte leave Fawns. Amerigo and Maggie are left to live at the country house. Maggie is willing to go anywhere Amerigo wants. She will even travel abroad to his favorite places. Amerigo wants to remain in England. Despite this insistence, he continues to wander around Fawns in a solitary, bored manner. Fanny is concerned that Charlotte could still affect Amerigo; she asks Maggie whether she shares this fear, even though Charlotte is far away. Maggie has no doubt that Charlotte will have an influence over Amerigo, wherever she happens to be. Maggie explains to Fanny that she plans to spend her evenings by entertaining guests, once everyone becomes aware that Amerigo and Maggie are living together again without Adam or Charlotte. Maggie fears that she and her father are the “ones who are lost” (541), as Charlotte and Amerigo were able to get what they wanted. Fanny asks if Adam was ever aware of the possible affair between his wife and son-in-law. Maggie assumes he does not; even she has no idea of the extent of the affair. She is certain that Charlotte has no idea of how much her father understands. This uncertainty, Maggie feels, is what binds Charlotte to her husband. Conversely, she has no real idea what binds Amerigo to her.

Charlotte sends a telegram to Maggie. She wants to arrange a lunch for herself, Adam, Maggie, and Charlotte. Maggie shows the telegram to her husband. They both tacitly accept that this will be the final meeting of the four of them before the Ververs travel to America. Amerigo is confused by Charlotte’s suggestion, wondering why she has not proposed a formal dinner instead of a lunch. Maggie tells him that this is a calculated effort to dismiss them. She suggests her father intends to have a final dinner with her alone, leaving Amerigo to have dinner with Charlotte.

Amerigo wishes that Charlotte had better understood Maggie, though Maggie insists that Charlotte is trying to deceive her by maintaining a distance between them. Amerigo dismisses Maggie’s claim; Charlotte does not know that Maggie knows about the possible affair, he says, so she must be acting foolishly. Amerigo asks Maggie for a final favor. He will not tell her the exact details of this favor until Charlotte and Adam have left the country and they are “really alone.”

Charlotte and Adam arrive for the lunch. The mood is tense. Maggie talks to her father in private, but they do not have enough time to say everything they want to say. Later, Charlotte and Adam depart. Amerigo takes his son upstairs, leaving Maggie to prepare herself for a confrontation with her husband. Amerigo enters the room and, as he does so, Maggie realizes at last that Charlotte has completely exited their lives. She has nothing left to fear. Amerigo assures Maggie he sees “nothing but [her]” (567).

Part 2, Books 5-6 Analysis

A defining stylistic element of The Golden Bowl is the extent to which the narrative is able to penetrate the minds of the characters. The narrative carefully examines each action, gesture, and reaction for depth, revealing the complex emotional state of the characters involved. In spite of this, many aspects of the plot are shrouded in mystery. The affair between Charlotte and Amerigo is the most pressing example of this. Though they agree to carry out their affair and seal their pact with a kiss, the private intricacies of the affair are hidden from the narrative. Like the marriages and birth, the actual physicality of the affair occurs away from the narrative gaze. In effect, however, the physical actions of the affair are not important. Instead, the importance is the emotional betrayal involved, highlighting the theme of Marriage and Love. Maggie does not know what has happened between Charlotte and Amerigo, but she is betrayed enough by the suspicion to feel hurt. The emotional reality of the affair occurs in Maggie’s reaction more than any specific touch between Charlotte and Amerigo. Similarly, the extent of what Charlotte and Adam are aware that Maggie knows about the affair is shrouded in mystery. Maggie deliberately shields her father from the truth while denying any such suspicion to Charlotte. She does so for power and protection, respectively, signaling to her husband that she is now willing to engage in his deceitful game. Specific truths are rendered inconsequential in comparison to the emotional reactions that they provoke.

Maggie’s suspicions come to their conclusion at Fawns. The property, rented by her father to play the role of an English aristocrat, becomes the site of Maggie’s victory. At Fawns, Maggie closely observes Charlotte. She notes how her husband avoids Charlotte, and then actively denies any suspicions when Charlotte confronts her. Maggie lies to Charlotte, choosing to play Charlotte at her own game. As her father performs the role of an aristocrat, Maggie performs the role of her old self: She pretends to be as innocent and as naïve as she once was, while manipulating her father into taking Charlotte out of her life. Fawns is the place at which Maggie embraces the performative aspect of the world around her, agreeing to play the role that is expected of her. At Fawns, Maggie also chooses herself and her marriage over her caretaking role with her father. Though she loves him deeply, she is a woman renewed, and watching Charlotte and Amerigo move through society together has made her realize what she truly wants. This realization shows that, despite Maggie’s removal from society throughout most of the novel, she quickly learns to play the same games as Charlotte and Amerigo, and she does so with great ease. Charlotte begins to flail against Maggie, forced by Maggie’s performance of innocence to also perform the role of the perfect hostess, all while being separated from Amerigo. Maggie’s victory at Fawns also suggests that while anyone can learn to navigate society, a certain goodness of character will ultimately prevail. The text positions Charlotte and Maggie as rivals for Amerigo but also as very different women: Maggie is family-oriented and kind, and Charlotte is free and cunning. Ultimately, Maggie’s reclamation of her marriage causes Charlotte to reclaim her own, going willingly with Adam to America. She is, in short, defeated and ready to retreat from the games of society in Edwardian England.

After Fawns, the couples have a final meeting in which they clarify what they will sacrifice. With the affair seemingly ended by Adam’s return to America, Amerigo accepts his wife for who she has become. He is willing to preserve the marriage, as Maggie has told him that she will also do. Maggie is willing to forgive her unfaithful husband, sacrificing the old delusion she held about his love for her, highlighting the theme of Marriage and Love. This chastened, cynical view of the world is far removed from the innocent, naïve way she saw society (and her husband), but she is willing to accept a diminished happiness, especially as the reveal of the affair might hurt her father. At the same time, Charlotte shows her willingness to sacrifice any idea of true love. She embraces her convenient marriage and returns to America with Adam, leaving behind her true love, Amerigo. Adam sacrifices his closeness to his daughter at her suggestions, trusting her advice but sacrificing any desire to know any truth that she is not willing to tell him.

The ending suggests a new beginning for both couples, which is the direct result of Maggie’s decisions. Because of her careful and deliberate actions to remove Charlotte from her marriage, Amerigo is humbled and recommits to Maggie, Charlotte removes herself from Edwardian society and Amerigo, and Adam returns to America with Charlotte as his wife and companion, the latter role previously occupied by Maggie. Maggie’s reentry into society and reclamation of her marriage shows that she was, in a sense, always in control, and she uses her power readily to steer the fate of each character.

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