77 pages • 2 hours read
Kwame AlexanderA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The drums are an important part of Asante culture. They are akin to a body’s heart, feeding their souls. Drums are used to make music for ceremonies, entertainment, and to honor the Creator. The drums mark important life events like marriages, births, festivals, and deaths. The drums are also used to inform, so everyone should learn their sounds to be ready to receive messages that could protect them.
Usually following the wrestling competition, the men roast a pig, and everyone enjoys groundnuts, sugarbread, and more. The Kings and chiefs drink while kids play water games.
This year, there is no celebrating or roasting of a pig. Prince Yaw is dead. This year, the joint Council of Elders and Kings will meet to discuss Kwasi’s punishment.
Maame moans and cries while Kofi’s sisters spoon her tea. Papa repeats that it will be okay, that everyone knows it was an accident. Maame is not convinced. She thinks they will put Kwasi to the stockades or take him to Lower as a servant for life. She has guards around their house for fear of retribution.
Drums sound at the end of the day, signaling the council has made their decision. Everyone gathers around the elders’ hut.
According to the peace treaty and their laws, the council finds that Kwasi didn’t mean to kill Yaw. They rule it an accident and not a sign of murder or disrespect to Lower. Kwasi won’t be punished, but Upper will give Lower more gold, two goats, and five sheep as apology.
The crowd shouts about the unfairness of the council’s decision. Many think Kwasi should be punished, and that gold is not the price of Yaw’s life.
Papa insists to the family that the King of Lower is just angry, but the feelings will pass. They will return to peace soon.
Kofi compares the serious King of Lower to when Margaret stabbed Richard in Shakespeare’s Henry VI play. He hopes no one in either tribe is as angry and seeking revenge or chaos as the characters were in the play.
Kofi’s family prepares a feast to celebrate Kwasi being found innocent and winning the wrestling tournament. Kwasi has a stomachache, so Mosi gives him tea and sends him to bed, where he sleeps so long, he misses his party.
After the Kings Festival days, the kids return to school. Mr. Phillip sends a few kids home for doing their own cultural things, such as a girl wearing beads around her ankle. They speak in English and sing not the songs of their culture their mothers taught them, but English songs like “London Bridge is Falling Down” and “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star.”
They learn about the Queen’s coronation in 1838 in a faraway place called Westminster Abbey. Kofi is confused why they aren’t studying their own people’s history.
Mr. Phillip is called outside by an elder, leaving all the students to talk among themselves.
Kofi’s cousin takes the time alone to declare their racing challenge and how he will beat “Little Kofi.” He invites everyone to their race in five days. Ebo defends Kofi against his cousin, sure he will win.
After school, Kofi and Ebo walk behind the girls to the river. Ebo finds more red berries for them to eat, which are said to be magical and make them taller. He assures Kofi that he will win the swim race; he just has to believe in himself.
From a tree above, the boys watch the girls balance their huge water pans atop their heads. He’s entranced by Ama, who swats at something and still doesn’t drop any water. Ama comes over to their tree and tells them they can come down.
Kofi and Ebo are amazed the girls knew they were hiding. Ama says they could tell they were following them from school. She asks why Kofi wants to challenge his cousin in a race. Kofi wants to prove that his mean cousin is not the best at everything. Ama agrees.
She asks about Kwasi, and Kofi shares that his brother isn’t the same. He feels so guilty, he sobs in his sleep, and has a dazed look when awake. Ama prays for him, saying everyone knows it was an accident. Kofi doesn’t think Kwasi will ever forgive himself. Before she leaves, Ama tells Kofi she thinks he will win the swimming competition.
Ebo catches an enormous fish and throws it on the bank. He jokes that it can talk, and that Kofi should swim after it.
Kofi swims after the fish, trying to go his fastest. For hours, he flies through the water. He flows with the river innately.
Kofi holds his breath underwater for a hundred seconds longer than Ebo. For this win, his friend must eat a dung beetle, which they laugh about.
Ebo makes fun of Mr. Phillip by doing his best impression with some English, saying he wants Kofi to speak like a goat. It’s getting dark, almost nightfall. They hear drums, which signal they should run.
The theme of Cultural Identity and Colonialism is highlighted again in Kofi’s education. At school, Mr. Phillip now makes them sing English songs and learn the history of England over their own people, which sparks Kofi to side with his culture: “...all I can wonder is / why we do not spend / as much time / learning the history / of our own kingdom” (158). Earlier, Kofi was conflicted because he admires Mr. Phillip’s intelligence, and Shakespeare’s emotionally-resonating words. Now, Kofi has grown to disregard the English teachings, besides Shakespeare, which shows his loyalty to his own culture and traditions over those of the English-speaking lands who are trying to oppress them. Kofi’s continued curiosity leads to his questioning about why they aren’t valuing their own cultural history, a key moment in his growth to remain a loyal Asante and never give up on his beliefs. This loyalty toward his people increases later, when Kofi relies on things like The Power of Storytelling and Oral Tradition with Afua and Owu and memories of his family and friends to keep him alive during his imprisonment.
Kwasi’s character undergoes immense change after he accidentally kills Yaw. Not only does Yaw’s death create an unexpected, suspenseful section of conflict as readers await Kwasi’s sentence, but it causes Kwasi to collapse into himself. Yaw’s dying causes Kwasi to feel regretful, depressed, and guilty. Before the incident, Kwasi was outgoing, funny, talkative, and bold. Now, he prefers isolation and hardly speaks at all, which troubles sympathetic Kofi: “Kwasi sits / in a corner, / muddled, / still visibly shaken / not saying a word / not eating a thing / not knowing / what will happen to / him. // Kwasi, are you okay? / …” (148). The theme of family ties is clear again with Kofi worrying about silent Kwasi often too. Confronted with something traumatic, Kwasi must process that he killed someone. This inner conflict is a key component of Kwasi’s character arc. He must overcome this challenge to come out stronger and remind himself life is still worthwhile, a lesson he takes into the wrestling matches later when he’s kidnapped.
The swimming match is an upcoming event that creates plot conflict and a goal for Kofi to achieve. Alexander uses a ticking-clock technique, adding a sense of anticipation to the upcoming swimming contest. His cousin adds to the conflict by inviting everyone to come watch the competition too, which increases Kofi’s stress and quickens the plot. Kofi’s dedication to swimming reveals he is hard-working and resolute in this challenge. With support from Ebo and Ama, he is inspired to experiment with different techniques for swimming. As he practices in the river, the symbol of the water is clear again, giving Kofi a place of peace and freedom. He’s always linked to the water, feeling at home and tranquil in the waves, more than anywhere else, which increases his shaky confidence to defeat his cousin, who normally makes him feel inferior. In the water, Kofi should have the advantage, and even if he doesn’t win, his characterization is growing to be braver.
By Kwame Alexander
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