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70 pages 2 hours read

Delores Phillips

The Darkest Child

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2004

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Chapters 1-13Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “Bakersfield, Georgia, 1958”

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussions of physical and sexual abuse, child sex trafficking, lynching, infanticide, and segregation. The source material includes racial slurs and ableist and anti-gay language, which is replicated in this guide only in direct quotes.

Thirteen-year-old Tangy Mae Quinn accompanies her mother, Rozelle, for her last day of work as a domestic servant for the white Munford family. Rozelle claims she’s dying. Rozelle expects Tangy to take over her job, so she shows Tangy how to do chores and steal inconspicuously. Tangy doesn’t want to work for the Munfords, as she’d have to drop out of school. She’s remained in school longer than her siblings.

Tangy and Rozelle visit Miss Janie Jay, who teaches Sunday school at the church that Tangy and her siblings attend. Rozelle does not attend. Tangy loves her mother but feels trapped by her. She thinks school will set her free.

Chapter 2 Summary

Tangy lives with her mother and her siblings—Harvey, Sam, Tarabelle, Martha Jean, Wallace, Laura, and Edna—in a decaying, small house. Their older sister, Mushy, moved to Ohio. The children sleep on pallets in the kitchen or living area, and Rozelle sleeps in a bed upstairs. Tangy worries that the house will be destroyed by a storm someday.

Sixteen-year-old Tarabelle says Rozelle is just going into labor. Rozelle slaps Tarabelle, frightening four-year-old Edna and five-year-old Laura. Fourteen-year-old Martha Jean is deaf and nonverbal, so her siblings communicate through sign language, which Rozelle refuses to learn. Tangy fantasizes about having different parents, an in-home library, and electricity so she can read anytime. They are allowed one kerosene lamp per night. Rozelle instructs Tangy to write to Mushy, whose real name is Elizabeth Anne, to tell her Rozelle is dying.

Chapter 3 Summary

Tangy and Martha Jean walk toward the post office to mail the letter. Martha Jean’s clothes and shoes are too big, and she doesn’t have a coat. Rozelle claims Martha Jean doesn’t need good clothes because she doesn’t attend school or church.

When Tangy was six, Rozelle came home with a box, which she nailed to the underside of a floorboard in her bedroom. She told the children never to touch the box, but Martha Jean could not hear her. Rozelle instead nudged Martha Jean toward the box and pierced her hand with an ice pick when she reached for the box.

Tangy and Martha Jean pass by the train station, where Black men wait to be hired for temporary jobs. Their brother Sam is there, and their brother Harvey is out working. Rozelle favors Sam because he’s light-skinned; people sometimes think he’s white. Rozelle calls Sam, Martha Jean, Harvey, and Mushy her “white” kids, whereas Tarabelle, Laura, and Wallace are “Indian,” and Edna and Tangy are Black. Sam didn’t want to work with Harvey because the hiring man didn’t indicate the pay or the nature of the work. People sometimes lie about how much they’re going to pay Black men, and the sheriff, Angus Betts, doesn’t stop them. A man named Max thinks Sam spends too much time with an activist named Hambone. Junior, a substitute teacher at Tangy’s school, agrees that change is needed but thinks Hambone's methods are reckless. Junior wants to work with the NAACP. He doesn’t think it’s right that Chadlow, a white man who isn’t a police officer, is allowed to patrol the town with a gun and arrest Black people. Tangy likes Junior because he’s smart and has completed two years of college. Junior travels to rural areas, teaching people how to write and read. Junior thinks Sam would make an effective leader in movements for social change. Tangy isn’t sure that social change is possible in Bakersfield.

Chapter 4 Summary

The postmaster, Charlie Nesbitt, is slow to help Tangy mail the letter. Martha Jean stands outside with a Black post office worker named Velman. Tangy tells him to leave her alone. Velman asks the two girls to wait until he gets off work, offering to drive them home. Martha Jean won’t budge until Velman returns.

Velman is 22 and from a different town. Tangy says he’s too old to pursue Martha Jean. Velman's uncle, Skeeter Richards, is a Quinn family acquaintance. Tangy agrees to let Velman drive them halfway home.

Chapter 5 Summary

Early Saturday morning, Tangy wakes up in Laura’s urine and then changes into her old dress. Wallace says it wouldn’t be bad if their mom really did die, especially since she says she gets pregnant whenever a man looks at her. Tangy says that’s not how impregnation works, though she doesn’t know either.

The family has an outhouse, but at night, they use a bucket that Wallace empties each morning. Martha Jean heats water for coffee and grits. Tarabelle and Tangy do laundry. Reverend Nelson and women from the church visit to pray and give the family food; they heard from Ms. Janie that Rozelle was dying. Pearl arrives, sends the church people away, and then prepares to deliver Rozelle’s baby.

The Munfords stop by to say Tangy is too young to work for them. Rozelle offers Tarabelle instead, and they accept. Tarabelle resents Tangy.

Chapter 6 Summary

Rozelle’s labor is difficult. Tarabelle tells Wallace and Tangy that women get pregnant when men urinate inside them. Pearl wants to send for the local midwife, Zadie Grodin. Rozelle hates Zadie, but Sam and Harvey fetch her. Rozelle is bleeding profusely, so she must go to the hospital. Zadie’s husband, John, hates Rozelle and refuses to drive her. Frank arrives and drives Rozelle and Pearl to the hospital.

Chapter 7 Summary

The next morning, Wallace returns with news: Their new sibling is a girl, and Rozelle will stay in the hospital. The kids don’t know who their dads are, although Archie Preston, the school janitor, claims to be Harvey’s dad. Wallace tells Harvey and Sam how Tarabelle says babies are conceived. Tarabelle is annoyed that the older boys think her explanation is inaccurate because “it feels like pee” (47).

Chapter 8 Summary

When Tangy was 10, she was chased home by bullies. Rozelle told her that, as a Quinn, she shouldn’t be afraid of anyone, then branded her with a fire poker. The scar is supposed to remind Tangy that she’s a fighter.

Chapter 9 Summary

Tangy runs into Velman, who has bought a coat for Martha Jean. Tangy warns him that Martha Jean will get in trouble for the coat. Tangy reiterates that Velman is too old for Martha Jean, but Velman argues that Martha Jean is a “woman.” Velman also gives Tangy a scarf.

Chapter 10 Summary

With Rozelle in the hospital, Harvey and Sam have some friends over to discuss the “Movement” for social change. Tangy eavesdrops. Junior’s uncle, Nathan Fess, was murdered because he started a taxi business that competed with a white business. The police didn’t investigate, but Junior thinks it was Chadlow.

They talk about how hard it is to get a steady job. The schools were supposed to integrate per federal law, but the local schools are still segregated. Junior writes to newspapers and the NAACP, but nobody writes back. Some of the men think violence is the best strategy to create change, but Junior thinks education is more effective. Hambone temporarily left Bakersfield for Chicago, where he claims things are better. Some of the men want to move away, but most can’t afford to. They agree to first address the segregated water fountain by the courthouse.

Chapter 11 Summary

Rozelle returns home, accompanied by Harlell Nixon, the barbershop owner. He took her shopping for baby supplies and drove her home. The new baby, Judy, is passed off to Martha Jean. Rozelle tells Tarabelle to come with her and Harlell. Tarabelle pleads not to go, saying that she’s been doing a good job at the Munfords’ house. Rozelle insists, and Tarabelle reluctantly obeys. Rozelle instructs the others to feed Judy evaporated milk. Later that night, Tangy hears Tarabelle crying, so she comforts her.

Chapter 12 Summary

Rozelle says that, while she was gone, somebody let “Satan” into their house. She makes them repeat the phrase “honor thy mother” (70). She wants to know who let Satan in, but nobody confesses. Sam protests, and Rozelle throws a clock at him. She misses, and the clock breaks against the wall.

Mushy arrives, believing that Rozelle is dying, per her letter. Rozelle is disappointed because Judy is dark-skinned and because she had a hysterectomy at the hospital. Mushy doesn’t see the problem with either. Rozelle scolds Mushy for being drunk, and Mushy scolds Rozelle for neglecting Judy, who is crying. Wallace gets the bottle so that Tangy can feed Judy. Mushy is surprised that Rozelle isn’t breastfeeding Judy, since it’s cheaper, and she breastfed the other children.

Chapter 13 Summary

Mushy plans to stay for a week. She works in a hospital kitchen, but Rozelle keeps calling her a nurse, planning to brag to others. Mushy is proud of Tangy’s grades, but both Rozelle and Tarabelle think Tangy is lazy because she doesn’t have a job yet.

Mushy plans to secretly take the older kids to a bar, Stillwaters. Pearl takes Rozelle to her house for a party. Tarabelle doesn’t want to go to the bar, so she watches Edna and Laura. Hambone picks them up in his car.

Chapters 1-13 Analysis

The 13-year-old protagonist, Tangy, also serves as the novel’s first-person narrator, but she provides adult details that she doesn’t yet understand, creating dramatic irony and highlighting her innocence and youth, as well as demonstrating The Complexities of Mother-Daughter Relationships Within Troubled Families. For example, Tangy is unaware that her mother, Rozelle, is a sex worker, and forces her older sister Tarabelle into sex work, as she did with Mushy; however, the details reveal the very adult world that Tangy and her siblings live in and foreshadow unpleasant truths that Tangy will be forced to learn. Tangy knows that at night her mother and her sister go somewhere that upsets Tarabelle, but she doesn’t know what goes on there to upset her. However, Tarabelle’s explanation of how impregnation works demonstrates that she’s being abused by adults, and Rozelle's forcing her to go implies that she’s being paid for her daughter’s sex work. This also demonstrates the hardships faced by Black people in the US during the Jim Crow era, the legacies of which endure today. Tarabelle’s forced sex work offers a harsh parallel to her brothers’ struggle to find consistent, well-paying work, as Black men in 1950s Georgia are described as being subject to workplace abuse, such as wage withholding. So, while the men struggle to find consistent work, the women’s and girls’ bodies become sources of work against their wishes, revealing serious abuse of a minor, lack of consent, and the struggle to find satisfying work for Black Americans in a system that was, in the case of Jim Crow laws, designed to limit their agency and opportunity.

The novel’s setting of late 1950s small-town Georgia helps develop The Effects of Systemic Racism and Colorism on Individual and Family Dynamics. The historical context of Jim Crow laws accounts for the segregated residential neighborhoods, churches, drinking fountains, and other public institutions depicted in the novel, as well as the limitations on jobs and pay rates for Black Americans. Additionally, the public schools are still segregated even though the year is 1958, four years after the Supreme Court ruled that segregated public schools were unconstitutional. The novel thus reveals how laws enforcing segregation and racial inequality were not immediately disassembled even after being overturned. Instead, racial inequality specific to Jim Crow laws continued to exist for years. Tangy questions whether social change is even possible in her hometown, which foreshadows her ultimate decision to leave. Additionally, the young men, including Tangy’s brothers, who work toward the “Movement” discuss two drastically different approaches to social freedom for Black Americans: violence and education. Tangy, who shows strong intellect, appreciates Junior’s education-based approach of teaching reading and writing to nearby rural communities, which further foreshadows her eventual escape and her belief in The Role of Education in Achieving Liberation.

This section pays further attention to two of the novel’s main themes, The Role of Education in Achieving Liberation and The Complexities of Mother-Daughter Relationships Within Troubled Families. Although Tangy has not yet liberated herself from her oppressive family or hometown, she already understands that education will be a key that unlocks that liberation, which is why she’s progressed further in school than the rest of her siblings. Rozelle’s disdain for education seems to be rooted in her fear that, if her children become too highly educated, they’ll abandon her, further illustrating how education can lead to liberation, as well as examining the complexity of Rozelle’s mental health condition. Rozelle’s intense fear of abandonment, which is symbolized by the mysterious box in her room, influences the way she forces her children into labor—including sex work by minors like Tarabelle—thus intertwining their lives with hers so that it is harder to detach. Rozelle is physically and emotionally abusive, yet most of her children still harbor some affection for her because she sometimes demonstrates love, tenderness, and loyalty, resulting in complex relationships between Rozelle and each of her children, especially her daughters. For example, Rozelle branding Tangy with a fire poker to attempt to remind her that she is a Quinn and a fighter reveals Rozelle’s complex mix of love and violence; while she loves her children, she is undeniably abusive, demonstrating particular violence toward her darker-skinned children. In revealing her branding of Tangy, the text also foreshadows the brutal death of baby Judy, who is described as dark-skinned, like Tangy. It is important to note, however, that Rozelle is a single mother in the Jim Crow-era South, attempting to raise 10 children without a partner. While this, combined with Rozelle’s mental health conditions, does not justify abuse, it highlights the extreme challenges faced by Black Americans in the US at this time.

This section establishes the symbolism of the Quinn house, which symbolizes the Quinn family. The house lacks electricity, indoor plumbing, beds and chairs for the kids, adequate food, and books, symbolizing how the family members are not having their psychological or intellectual needs met. The house is slowly decaying, so much so that Tangy worries it will be completely destroyed one day, possibly leading to the deaths of her family. This decay symbolizes the decay of the family and foreshadows the actual deaths that will occur, as well as demonstrating Tangy’s emotional intelligence and perception of her family’s circumstances. The house is not only in a segregated neighborhood, but it is also isolated from other houses, which symbolizes the alienation that members of the Quinn family feel, both from the community at large and, oftentimes, from each other.

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