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46 pages 1 hour read

China Miéville

The City and the City

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2009

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Part 2, Chapters 12-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “Ul Qoma”

Part 2, Chapter 12 Summary

Borlú is escorted past border security into the city of Ul Qoma, where he meets his counterpart, Senior Detective Qussim Dhatt. Dhatt drives through the city, showing him the sights, sights that Borlú has spent his whole life unseeing, but that are now sprawled out before him. They discuss the case and clarify their roles (Borlú is strictly a consultant). As they arrive at the hotel, Dhatt informs him of a potential “complication.” Geary’s closest friend, Yolanda Rodriguez, is missing. 

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary

Borlú’s search of Geary’s dorm room yields nothing. That night, Borlú makes arrangements with Dhatt to visit Bol Ye’an the next day. Eager to continue the investigation, he walks to the excavation site alone that night. He is stopped by police, but he shows his papers and mentions Dhatt’s name, after which they escort him back to his hotel. The next morning, Dhatt is upset that Borlú has overstepped his bounds as a consultant. He may not conduct any independent investigation.

At the dig site, they interview Professor Rochambeaux, the head of the project, who doesn’t know anything about Geary or Rodriguez. As they explore the site, they encounter David Bowden, whose graduate student advisee, it turns out, is Yolanda Rodriguez. They agree to meet Bowden later, but in the meantime, Nancy escorts them around the dig site, explaining various “pre-Cleavage” theories—that is, theories about the time predating the establishment of Besźel and Ul Qoma as separate city-states. Borlú and Dhatt then interview the students working the dig, and they learn that Yolanda is also fascinated with the myth of Orciny and that Geary was into “weird stuff.” However, not one student, Borlú notes, mentions Breach as a possible cause for the women’s disappearances, perhaps out of fear. Just then, a security guard approaches, asking about the progress of the investigation. He seems a little too interested, and they decide to interview him later.

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary

Borlú and Dhatt sit in a café and go over the details of the case. What they know is the following: Geary, involved in radical politics, was murdered in Ul Qoma, her body dumped in Besźel, and the murderer went to great lengths—aided, perhaps, by a high-level bureaucrat—to not commit breach. Borlú then mentions the anonymous phone call, suspecting it was a unificationist, and Dhatt wants to investigate the lead immediately.

Dhatt rants about the unificationist movement before pulling up to their headquarters. He bursts through the door, rounds up the five members in the house, and forces them to speak, hoping Borlú will recognize the voice from the phone call. He does not, but Dhatt thinks he’s being too timid, that he’s concerned about implicating himself in a breach incident. In truth, Dhatt’s harsh methods rankle Borlú. They agree to interview Nancy and Bowden once again.

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary

They arrive at Bowden’s apartment, which is brimming with Besz and Ul Qoman artifacts. Bowden reiterates that Geary was smart but opinionated and possibly “piss[ed] off the wrong person” (204), unlike Rodriguez, who was “sweet” and had no apparent enemies. He recalls refusing to supervise Geary’s Ph.D. thesis and her anger over it. He mentions Rodriguez’s interest in “dissensi,” disputed areas claimed by either both cities or neither. Borlú and Dhatt then suggest that Bowden, as the “doyen” of Orciny research, may also be at risk.

Part 2, Chapter 16 Summary

Bowden provides Borlú and Dhatt with a list of dissensi sites, and Borlú continues to study Geary’s notes and Bowden’s book. Later that night, he receives another anonymous phone call, but he identifies the voice as Jaris, one of the “unifs” he and Dhatt interrogated earlier. He claims that Geary found Orciny and established contact, that she was helping them in some way, and that anyone who knew about it was in danger, including himself. He tells Borlú he’s leaving.

Borlú calls Mrs. Geary and asks if her daughter was seeing anyone. She says yes, but she doesn’t know any names. She is also confident that her daughter was killed by someone who disliked her theories. The next morning, Borlú is awakened by Dhatt, who informs him, “Someone sent a bomb” (216). 

Part 2, Chapters 12-16 Analysis

What starts out, seemingly, as a simple murder investigation soon expands into a case of political corruption, massive archaeological and historical cover-up, and conspiracy theories that may be more than just theories. Mahalia Geary, it turns out, was more than just a run-of-the-mill Ph.D. student. She became fixated on a discredited theory about the existence of Orciny, and in doing so, made her share of enemies. Even the radical unificationists disavowed her as “dangerous,” banning her from meetings. While the narrative reads much like a police procedural, Miéville plumbs the political and historical depths of his speculative world to give this murder case a unique context. He deftly walks the line between reality and fiction, giving his suspect(s) motives that are rooted in the real—political cover-ups—but awash in elements of the fantastical.

As the investigation moves into Ul Qoma, Borlú must confront a reality he’s been conditioned all his life to deny. Old habits die hard, and Borlú finds himself trying to “unsee” sights that are right in front of him, while Besźel, his home, is now forbidden territory. Addressing the theme of “Unseeing” and Willful Blindness from a new angle, Miéville shows how entrenched this habit is, and also how limiting. It is only when Borlú crosses borders that he begins to piece together the mystery of Geary’s murder. The change in perspective provides him with much-needed insight, ultimately leading him to identify Geary’s killer and expose the conspiracy and corruption behind it.

Through Borlú’s complicated process of navigation in Ul Qoma, Miéville also comments on Borders as Social and Arbitrary Constructs, which are nonetheless imbued with sacrosanct power. A border is nothing more than a random line on a map, yet governments employ substantial resources to maintain and enforce them. In The City and the City, those resources include prohibitions against crossing those borders or even seeing the other side. Penalties range from misdemeanor fines to the more severe consequences imposed by Breach (an entity Miéville has yet to define). The author’s harsh critique of borders—and by default, land ownership—can also be read as a critique of capitalism, an economic system that often privileges ownership and property rights at the expense of human rights. Indeed, Miéville’s societies operate on the what’s-mine-is-mine political philosophy, and those who dare suggest another way—unificationists—are vilified as dissidents and enemies of the state and are subject to police harassment. It’s a world of extremes, but within those harsh parameters is a not-so-subtle reference to real-world border crossers who are separated from their children and sent back to sometimes life-threatening situations.

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