54 pages • 1 hour read
Edith Eva EgerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Eger’s memoir is full of figures whose lives look different from what they expected. She observes, “Maybe every life is a study of the things we don’t have but wish we did, and the things we have but wish we didn’t” (19). Many people live under a shroud of disappointment, comparing their present life to the possibilities that didn’t unfold, a mindset that not only affects their own quality of life but also impacts the people around them. In the Introduction, Eger describes two women who approach her for different reasons—one has recently lost a child, and the other is unsatisfied with her new car’s color. While she instinctively sympathizes more with the former, Eger soon realizes that their grief stems from the same source: Their lives aren’t what they expected. The second woman’s reaction, though seemingly frivolous, overflows from other disappointments. Most patient stories don’t appear until Part 3, when Eger earns her psychology degree, but Eger intentionally includes this story in the Introduction to prepare readers for an emerging pattern that appears almost immediately in the first chapter. Regardless how severe a person’s trauma extends, unmet expectations can imprison a person in “what ifs” until they learn to live for the present.
Chapter 1 takes readers to Ilona’s kitchen in Kassa, where young Eger reads Gone with the Wind out loud. Lajos returns home after a good day and wants to share his happiness with Ilona, but she coldly blocks the invitation. Lajos dejectedly tells Eger, “I’m a disappointment to your mother. […] She wants to go to the opera every night, live some fancy cosmopolitan life. I’m just a tailor. A tailor and billiards player” (13). Lajos wants to be a loving husband, and by rejecting his attempts, Ilona prevents herself from possibly enjoying a decent marriage. Every time a life circumstance falls short of her standard—a glamorous cosmopolitan life, maybe in America—she can only see it in light of disappointment. On the freight train to Auschwitz years later, Lajos and Ilona sit hungry, dirty, and uncomforted, the rift between them too great to unite under these extreme circumstances. If Ilona spent less time comparing the present to her dreams, if she instead decided to make the best of her current situation, she might have a friend to trust in these uncertain hours. She might spend her last years with gratitude and contentment, watching possibilities open before her that she couldn’t anticipate in her youthful dreams. Instead, she spends her final hours imprisoned both physically and mentally, “what ifs” percolating in her mind.
Ilona also does not understand that her discontent extends to the people in her life. Ilona’s disappointment also deprives Lajos of a satisfying marriage; Lajos, hailed charming by his friends and neighborhood, does not know what more he can be to make Ilona happy. Inevitably, Lajos grows weary of initiating affection and being rejected, and his disappointed life outlook in turn bleeds into his own circle of influence. Ilona’s daughters also feel pressure to meet a standard that constrains their own sense of self: Magda receives a smaller dinner portion to manage her weight, Klara dedicates her childhood to mastering violin, and Eger contorts her personality to suit her parents’ needs. These efforts can’t possibly fulfill Ilona’s standards. This is what Eger means when she says that forgoing the inner healing work only perpetuates the cycle of suffering.
Eger remembers her mother fondly, and she contextualizes Ilona’s example by wishing that Ilona had had someone to help her reconcile her chronic disappointment. Eger does not exempt herself from the same reflections. The war crushed most of her dreams—competing on the Hungarian Olympics team, marrying Eric—as well as hopes she takes for granted until they’re gone. Eger ponders, “The irony of freedom is that it is harder to find hope and purpose. Now I must come to terms with the fact that anyone I marry won’t know my parents. If I ever have children, they won’t know their grandparents” (91). Though she is physically free after the war, she discovers that crushed hope can debilitate nearly as much as physical pain. All her expectations shatter with the death of her parents and innocence, and she accordingly tempers her future expectations. However, when she no longer dares to hope, she doesn’t push herself to grow.
Many years after the Holocaust, Eger still doesn’t understand the source of her unhappiness; Viktor Frankl gives her an answer: “It did not really matter what we expected from life, but rather what life expected from us” (169). This wisdom requires Eger’s complete mindset reversal: Instead of asking why life didn’t meet her expectations, she begins thinking about how life calls her to support the bigger picture. She begins making active choices that make her vulnerable to pain and disappointment. Eger says, “As long as you live, there’s the risk that you might suffer more. There’s also the opportunity to find a way to suffer less, to choose happiness, which requires taking responsibility for yourself” (245). No one can fully, effectively prevent future suffering, but Eger chooses to risk broken dreams in pursuit of lofty hopes: healing her inner wounds and advocating for a better world.
Eger’s memoir spans radically different chapters of her life: her innocent childhood in Kassa, Auschwitz and forced marches, living under communism, immigrating to America. Eger must reconcile the different experiences of surviving, recovering, healing, and living; after liberation, she immediately understands that physical freedom does not correspond to instant relief. Eger lives in constant survival mode during her year imprisoned. She faces mortality every day, and she can only afford to approach each obstacle one at a time. Eger illustrates this continuous life-or-death mentality in Chapter 4, titled, “A Cartwheel.” Eger approaches the front of the selection line, and the guard shoves her toward another line—a different one from Magda. The girls make panicked eye contact. Eger has no way of knowing what response she will evoke—life or death—but her desperation compels her to action. She begins cartwheeling, and Magda joins Eger’s line while Eger distracts the guard. The guard happens to be amused by Eger’s production, and the girls survive. Another consequence of survival mode is clinging tightly to pieces of humanity, especially when stripped of identity and denied human decency. Magda grasps her sense of identity fiercely on multiple occasions: grasping her shaved hair, asking Eger trivial questions about her beauty, trading a warm winter coat for an insensible but sexy jacket. They know the importance of survival, but holding fast to humanity gives them a reason to value survival.
After Gunskirchen’s liberation, Eger has a long, uphill battle to climb, both physically and mentally. Eger remarks:
Survival is black and white, no ‘buts’ can intrude when you are fighting for your life. Now the ‘buts’ come rushing in. We have bread to eat. Yes, but we are penniless. You are gaining weight. Yes, but my heart is heavy. You are alive. Yes, but my mother is dead (81).
Eger no longer lives for the moment; she can afford to think days, weeks, and years ahead. The future, which she fought for tooth-and-nail, suddenly appears terrifying when she evaluates her limited resources and recently developed mental and physical disadvantages. She no longer has her mother’s help, her father’s tailored clothes, or her own ability to dance. She has the additional obstacles of disease, physical weakness, and new images haunting her thoughts. Furthermore, during captivity, Eger cultivates a rich inner life to cope with the harsh environment and sustain her humanity. However, the horrors she witnesses etch into her subconscious: “After my first flashback, I began to believe that my inner world was where the demons lived. That there was blight deep inside me. My inner world was no longer sustaining, it became the source of my pain” (135). Eger hopes that creating (or waiting for) a perfect external situation can curb her internal pain, but this approach only bottles her emotions and sets an unrealistic task before her. In America, Eger earnestly tries assimilating to American culture because she can’t bear the humiliation of ignorance. She also attempts to redeem her insecurities through perfectionism. She ties her self-worth to a sense of belonging; if she is perfect, people will accept her, and maybe she can accept herself.
Both examples, assimilation and perfectionism, rely on an external utopia to satisfy internal needs. Living, however, Eger resolves, cannot depend on perfect circumstances because suffering and misfortune follow all people, everywhere. She flees Europe’s anti-Semitism only to find it alive in America. Nobody walks through life free of pain because people are inherently imperfect and hurt each other with actions and words. If people can’t find contentment from their surroundings, they must discover it inside themselves. Eger discovers that making peace with the past and present are imperative to finding true joy. She manages to forgive her past circumstances, including Hitler and Mengele, for the events beyond her control. The past occurred, and she can accept what she lived through. Even more difficult, Eger forgives herself—for imperfections, regretted choices, years of unintentionally perpetuating pain. Forgiveness creates the inner peace that makes space for joy, and joy radiates the kindness and positivity that fosters the wholesome community that Eger—and all humanity—craves.
Eger’s memoir primarily emphasizes how every person has the power of choice. Of course, some aspects of life—namely, external decisions and circumstances—are beyond an individual’s control. However, regardless of what people can’t choose, Eger argues that choices exist in any given situation, and a person simply must discover those options. Eger’s background qualifies her to make such an optimistic claim: She has lived through times in which the only choices she could make about her physical situation were between submitting to living hell and succumbing to death.
In her memoir, Eger discusses a psychological study by Martin Seligman that demonstrates “learned helplessness.” People who experience situations they can’t control are less likely to actively pursue their own welfare because they inherently believe every circumstance is beyond their power to change. Consequently, they accept suffering even when freedom and choices become available. Adult Eger fixates on the past that she couldn’t—and still can’t—control. When she surveys her present self, she circles back to how the past formed her. After Eger and Béla watch The Red Shoes in the theater, Béla asks whether she would choose him over dance—a question geared toward her present power of choice. She teases a response, but inside, she seethes over her past helplessness: “Somewhere deep in my chest I suppress a scream. I didn’t get to choose! the silence in me rages. Hitler and Mengele chose for me. I didn’t get to choose!” (140). Eger’s healing journey stretches decades, and even in her first attempts to make amends with her past, she tries changing a choice from her past: marrying Béla. Eger believes the divorce will correct a wrong decision made long ago. She soon realizes that the separation doesn’t repair her source of discontent—and that beginning a marriage and ending one are two different choices. Not only can Eger not alter Hitler and Mengele’s past choices, but she also can’t change her own. The past can’t change; the only choices she makes exist in the present. She already chose to marry Béla, so now her choice should be how to move forward and make their marriage work under the present circumstances.
Eger’s clinical practice derives from the belief that everyone has choices. Even when people don’t have much control over their circumstances, they can still control their attitude. In healing, people can choose to embrace the difficult recovery work: “Time doesn’t heal. It’s what you do with the time. Healing is possible when we choose to take responsibility, when we choose to take risks, and finally, when we choose to release the wound, to let go of the past or the grief” (263). The healing process is intentional and rarely comes easy, but the individual has the power to steer themselves in the right direction. Even people who never experience extreme trauma often go through life thinking they don’t have choices, and Eger includes numerous stories about patients who benefit from her philosophy. Making choices shifts control away from the source or trigger and toward the self. As Eger narrates one of her patient stories, she writes:
[Carlos] knew from our years of work together that when you lose your temper, you might feel strong in the moment, but really you are handing your power over. Strength isn’t reacting, it’s responding—feeling your feelings, thinking them over, and planning an effective action to bring you closer to your goal (254).
Eger’s philosophy doesn’t render the past unimportant or feelings invalid; it accepts these as the situation and reminds people they usually have more options than they initially perceive. People have opportunities to demonstrate their strength and level-headedness, and doing so subsequently reinforces their self-worth. A well-selected choice not only fuels the self, but also uplifts the surrounding community and perpetuates a cycle of strong relationships and joy. Most profoundly, Eger applies this perspective to her daily habits and invites people of all walks of life to join her.
European History
View Collection
Grief
View Collection
Health & Medicine
View Collection
Inspiring Biographies
View Collection
International Holocaust Remembrance Day
View Collection
Memorial Day Reads
View Collection
Memory
View Collection
Military Reads
View Collection
New York Times Best Sellers
View Collection
Psychology
View Collection
Self-Help Books
View Collection
The Past
View Collection
World War II
View Collection