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104 pages 3 hours read

Elizabeth George Speare

The Bronze Bow

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1961

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Themes

Love is Stronger than Hate

The major underlying theme of the text is the concept that love is stronger than hate. From the very beginning, hatred and the desire for vengeance drive Daniel and give him his purpose in life. After his father’s murder at the hands of the Romans, Daniel believes he must vow to fight the Romans until his last breath. What seems to be Daniel’s sole purpose in life is revealed to be an internal conflict between his insistence on keeping the fire of hatred ablaze and the desire for love and acceptance. The love of those closest to Daniel repeatedly pulls him away from his tendency toward hatred. Though Daniel struggles between love and hate until Leah’s near-death, he is finally able to give in to love and give up hatred when Jesus heals Leah. Daniel believes that hatred is a strong enough drive to achieve his goal of freeing Israel from the Romans, but he is proven wrong. Whatever Daniel does with hatred blows up in his face, including when he throws water in the face of a Roman soldier in Capernaum and when he rages in argument with Joel and Malthace’s father.

When Daniel begins to let love in, his mind opens up to wider perceptions of the world and his cause. He no longer sees Rosh’s plundering as moral, nor does he see Rosh’s wholesale looting of Capernaum’s wealthiest as a noble pursuit. He starts to see that strength lies in companionship and love between friends and family. Just as Daniel’s hatred is not enough to fight off the Romans soldiers during Joel’s rescue, Samson’s unconditional love is the only thing that makes their venture successful. Jesus teaches Daniel that the only true way to repay love is with love, and not with vengeance. The love of his father, Samson, and Leah can never be duly repaid by taking up arms against Rome. Where he is paid in love, he must return by himself embracing a life of love and acceptance. Daniel realizes then that the bow of bronze—the impossible—can only be “bent” once he lives with love. 

The Coming of God’s Kingdom

Jesus often preaches the coming of God’s kingdom, telling his followers that the kingdom of God is at hand. Daniel, Joel, and Malthace vow to fight for God’s victory and kingdom. However, it is unclear what and where exactly this kingdom is. The flexible construct of God’s kingdom changes shape depending on a person’s belief system. Daniel and other Zealots who wish to drive out the Romans believe that the kingdom can only be established with the Romans gone. However, Jesus appeals to his people to repent and believe and describes the kingdom with similes:

What is the kingdom of heaven? […] It is like a merchant in search of fine pearls, who, on finding one pearl of great value, went and sold all that he had and bought it. Or the kingdom of heaven is like a net which was thrown into the sea and gathered fish of every kind (57).

Jesus preaches to even his most wretched followers to not be afraid and to bear their suffering with patience because God has made a place for them in His kingdom. The true nature of God’s kingdom is further complicated when Simon claims that he believes he already lives in God’s kingdom, despite the stagnant situation in Israel. Joel’s father believes that they must leave the future to God and that He will establish His kingdom on earth when He is ready. A confused Daniel wonders how Jesus plans on bringing the kingdom without any fighting, while Malthace suggests that perhaps the kingdom can be obtained through another way. When Daniel finally faces Jesus, he tells Daniel that his hatred is keeping him from the kingdom. Though Daniel believed his vow to be one of hatred and vengeance, Jesus reveals that his oath to live and die for God’s victory is one of love. Whatever the kingdom actually is—a place, a construct, or heaven and the afterlife—it can only be obtained when one gives up hate for the sake of love. 

Jewish Law and Humanity

Jewish Law plays a major role in the lives of the Jews. Though it provides noble guidelines that Jews must follow to keep order in their lives, it at times incites shame and humiliation and stratifies classes of people rather than identifying all as equal. Though Jesus himself provides interpretations of the Law that make it easy to understand, he, too, discourages using the Law to look down on others. When the sickly eat without washing their hands as is commanded in Jewish law, Jesus proclaims that the people must first make sure their hearts are clean. After living on the mountain for five years, Daniel has forgotten many of the ways of the Law and brushes aside the need to follow it strictly in many situations. The Law serves as a source of humiliation in more than one instance, such as when Daniel is unable to remove his cloak at the wealthy Hezron home as is required of a peasant. When Daniel’s first recruits decide on a sign for their band, a city boy sneers at a village boy who suggests they brand themselves with a hot iron. Citing how the law forbids any marking of the body, he uses the Law to distinguish his educated self from the uneducated peasant boy.

Despite the strong bond forged among the boys of Daniel’s band, the Law inevitably creates divisions and highlights the differences among their classes. A clear distinction is made between Jewish Law and true humanity and belief: The Jews focus almost entirely on the ritualistic, practical aspects of law and ignore perspectives that support humanity and purity of heart. Where the passionate oaths made from the heart bring Daniel’s boys together, the strict rituals of the Law are what differentiate them. Jesus preaches a merging of practical law and a spiritual, humane acceptance of others. A believer can become clean not from simply following the Law in practice, but from acting with sincerity. 

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