43 pages • 1 hour read
Gabriel García Márquez, Transl. Gregory RabassaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The narrator opens again on the mysterious body. Remembering a memoir written by Ambassador Palmerston, now banned, the narrator describes the advanced age of the General: so old that he’d lost hearing and with a house in utter decay and disarray, covered in animal feces and paper. The narrator then compares this image of decrepitude to the many phases of the general during his regime; from bantering with the townspeople one on one to changing the time of day at will; moving from a believer in omens and dreams to a murderer who kills all fortune tellers and smashes incantations that might bring upon his death, believing that he’ll evade death and be “master” of power.
In one brutish display, the narrator (who becomes the woman whom the General pursues) recounts a time when the General enters the home of a newly wedded couple, rapes Francisca Linero, and murders her husband Poncio Daz to get rid of someone who would have been “a mortal enemy for the rest of his life” (91). These instances aren’t enough to remedy the General’s fear, however. He wasn’t powerful enough to see beyond Manuela’s trick and is still afraid to die—even when he’s already been told of the manner of his death.
A hurricane comes to the city upon which the General pins his anxiety. He orders the city—from the animals to the houses—to be bolted down. Of course, this is ineffective, and the city suffers the effects of the hurricane. Yet in the end, even though the General can hardly address the population with words of comfort—and doesn’t—they applaud his ability to survive the hurricane and rest in the confidence that he will care for them. Care for them he does, and the city is reconstructed with the help of foreign aid, none of which comes for free.
During reconstruction, a lottery takes place which the General always wins. An elaborate governmental scam uses children from the city who are trained to pick billiard balls with the winning numbers which have been kept on ice for days so that they’re colder than the rest. However, once the lottery is finished, the children must be detained so that the scam isn’t revealed. Eventually, there are thousands of children imprisoned in the palace dungeons. An aide mentions this problem, which is becoming too difficult to contain, as there are no more children in the village to select and no more room to imprison them even if there were.
Rumors begin to spread of a mass kidnapping. To clear the dungeons and calm the social upset, the General has the children deported to uninhabited land in the region. Eventually, because he has no idea how to solve the problem, he orders them to be placed on a barge and bombed and drowned once they are out to sea. The orders are carried out.
Soon after, there is another revolt against the General. The narrator reflects on the many times that the General has had to root out rebels from his military and personnel. The resurrectionists bomb the palace and slaughter each other. A rebel dressed as someone with leprosy attempts to assassinate the General and pulls a gun on him. The General dares him to pull the trigger. The assassin hesitates; the General attacks but does not disarm him, and the conflict ends with the assailant shooting himself so that he cannot be taken. The General orders his dismembered parts of his body to be displayed around the city. The General, seeking desperately to uncover who armed his attacker, sees in an omen that General Rodrigo de Aguilar has been against him since the start: He “had succeeded in establishing another system of power within the power as widespread and fruitful” as the General’s (115). The General discovers that, through gaining the utmost confidence from him, General Aguilar had been signing papers and building relationships on the General's behalf without his knowledge and conspired to have the General committed to an asylum three days hence, during the annual banquet honoring the Holy Guardian Angel.
The General holds the banquet and asks his personal guard to sit and enjoy appetizers and drinks while they wait for General Rodrigo de Aguilar to give the toast. They wait until the stroke of midnight, at which point General Rodrigo is brought in on a silver platter, marinated and decorated with his medals and a garnish. The General orders his body to be carved and served to his guests and tells them to begin eating.
The novel continues to explore The Pursuit of Power through acts of violence. The General’s actions become progressively more extreme through the course of the narrative, suggesting the degradation that comes with attempting to possess power. Márquez uses the inevitable destruction of the General and his regime to critique the dissolution of humanity because of power. The narrator reflects upon the early days of the regime:
In those days there was nothing contrary in everyday life no matter how insignificant which did not have as much importance for him as the gravest matter of state and he believed sincerely that it was possible to distribute happiness and bribe death with the wiles of a soldier (83).
Márquez connects language of diplomacy—“distribute” and “bribe”—to the existential matters of life—“happiness” and “death”—to highlight the absurdity of these attempts at control. Though he was once optimistic as a ruler, the General eventually only distributes fear and flees from his own death by causing thousands of others.
The General undergoes character development in Part 3 as he is continually confronted with the limitations of his power. First, the General is so infatuated with a woman that he invades her home, rapes her, and murders her new husband shortly after. His appetite is never satiated, and the consequences that he must face after he attempts to satiate this greed only end in meaningless bloodshed. When he’s faced with a circumstance where his power would be of use to his people, however, it’s useless: He cannot stop a hurricane and more destruction follows, and the debt that he owes to foreign involvement grows. The innocent children who are murdered paradoxically represents a threat of future mutiny to the general. The fact that there are 2,000 of them is deliberately superfluous; Márquez highlights the futility of attempting to quash the exponential laws of population growth. As the General states, it’s “[e]ither them or me” (106). This fear eventually runs the General into his own fear because, after he kills these children, he realizes that “the most feared enemy is within oneself in the confidence of the heart” (106). The general is beginning to realize the effects of his rule upon his own mind and heart but feels trapped in the conditions of his life—reacting to the crises around him in the service of perpetuating his image, power, wealth, and safety.
The result of his fears is the grisly death of the General’s most trusted officer, General Rodrigo de Aguilar. This event is shrouded in the novel’s characteristic ambiguity. The General’s consistent paranoia renders unclear whether General Rodrigo’s plans are in fact a conspiracy or if the General is imagining it. The fantastical conventions of magical realism allows for both or none to be true; the General of the Universe, never actually master of his power, inevitably attempts to possess it in vain. Though he kills General Rodrigo and serves him for dinner, there will come another attempt to grab his power or take his life. This surreal murder further blurs the division between fantasy and reality. This reflects the General’s psychological state; his compulsive behaviors, like overseeing the milking of the cows and locking himself in his office each night, get progressively more monotonous as he becomes less sure of his allies or surroundings. The dissolution of his reality progresses from this point in the novel.
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