65 pages • 2 hours read
Elizabeth StroutA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section contains depictions of suicide and suicidal ideation, child sexual assault, abuse, rape, and alcohol use disorder.
The narrator reveals that Bob Burgess, 65 years old, is the main character, and he doesn’t know himself as well as he thinks he does.
It is August in Maine, and the leaves are already turning. One tree is already yellow, but locals are surprised—it has never been the earliest tree in Crosby to turn.
Bob Burgess and his wife, Margaret Estaver, are both well-respected in Crosby. Margaret is a Unitarian minister in town. Bob, who was born and raised in the area, returned from New York City 15 years ago, and although he is officially retired as a lawyer, he still takes a case occasionally. Local gossip tells the story of Bob’s great tragedy—when he was four years old, he accidentally released the gearshift of the family car, which rolled down the driveway and killed his father.
Olive Kitteridge likes Bob Burgess, although she doesn’t care for Margaret. The pandemic was difficult for Olive, but the hardest part was that her best friend, Isabelle Goodrow, moved from the retirement community where they both lived to the nursing home. Olive visits Isabelle every day, but it isn’t the same.
Lucy Barton and her husband, William, are from New York, like Bob. They moved to Crosby during the pandemic and stayed. Locals have “mixed feelings” about them, although Lucy gets some approval for being raised in a small town in Illinois. She is a writer, which makes some people suspicious. She isn’t seen around town much, aside from her frequent walks with Bob Burgess.
It is October. Olive tells Bob to bring Lucy to her, as she has a story to tell. When Olive meets Lucy, she is surprised—Lucy is small and unassuming, but she is eager to hear Olive’s story. Olive says that she thought Lucy’s memoir was “a little self-pitying” and comments on the fact that she is living with her ex-husband, William (11). When Olive mentions Bob, Lucy blushes.
Olive tells Lucy the story of her mother, Sara, who grew up in a nearby town. Olive didn’t like her mother, because her mother didn’t like her—she liked Olive’s sister Isa more. Sara trained to be a teacher but worked as a server at a resort during the summer. She fell in love with the owner’s son, but the owner broke the couple up. Three months later, she met Olive’s father and, two months after that, married him. He worked in the canning factory, and she taught at the one-room schoolhouse.
Olive tells Lucy that her father was an “exceptional man” but died by suicide when he was 57 years old. Her mother died three years later. The doctor told Olive that Sara had a brain tumor that her father’s death might’ve triggered into growing. After Sara’s death, Olive found a faded newspaper clipping in her handbag, a local news item about the man she was in love with so long ago and his family. His daughters were named Olive and Isa.
Lucy and Olive realize that Sara and her boyfriend were in love enough to talk about their future children’s names and had even named their children but not told their spouses the names’ origins. Lucy cries for both the couple and their spouses, who spent their lives “with these ghosts in the room” and never knew it (19). Olive remembers her father trying to please her mother, who “was not to be pleased” (198), but then admits that was her conclusion based on what she remembered. Olive also tells Lucy that she blamed her mother for her father’s death by suicide but then admits that two of his brothers died the same way.
When Bob comes to pick Lucy up, Olive sees how they look at each other and thinks that they are in love.
Despite what Olive thinks, Bob and Lucy are just friends. Both William and Margaret know about and appreciate the way this friendship fulfills Bob and Lucy’s needs. Although Margaret doesn’t know Bob started smoking again during the pandemic, Lucy does. Bob’s family has been in Maine for generations, and he has inherited their Puritanical dislike of “calling attention to oneself” (25). Lucy was raised in a similar background in the Midwest, although her family’s poverty was “extreme,” and her parents were complicated and abusive.
After they leave Olive’s home, Bob and Lucy go for a walk. Lucy tells Bob that Olive was abrasive at first but knows that the woman was just frightened, as bullies usually are. She tells Bob Olive’s story, and they reflect on the four people involved.
Every time they walk together, Bob smokes a cigarette, positioning himself so that the smoke doesn’t get into his clothes. When he is finished, he always puts the butt into his pocket and thanks Lucy, to which she replies, “Of course.” Bob reflects that he used to misuse alcohol because he is “terrified,” and that is why he smokes now. Lucy says she understands.
The back roads of Maine are beautiful in November. Matt Beach lives with his mother on one of those roads. One evening, Matt went to the grocery store, and when he got home, his mother, Gloria, had disappeared.
Bob and his sister, Susan Olson, both went to the local school and remember Gloria, who the students nicknamed “Bitch Ball” from her job as a cafeteria worker. Gloria’s daughter, Diana, who was in their class, is now a guidance counselor in Connecticut, and her eldest son, Thomas, is a psychiatrist in Oregon. Susan comments that she wouldn’t be surprised or blame Matt if he’d killed his mother—she’d terrified them all as children.
At around the same time as Gloria’s disappearance, a rental car in Saco, two hours south of Crosby, was never returned. It was rented under the name of Ashley Monroe. When police checked with Ashley, she claimed that her driver’s license and credit card were stolen. Her alibi was airtight—she was in Shirley Falls, in labor with her first child at the hospital. Nobody connected the two crimes.
Susan remembers that Diana used to tell disturbing stories to other girls on the playground about men abducting women and forcing them to do things. She tells Gerry O’Hare, the former police chief of Shirley Falls, during their morning coffee, which they do two or three days each week. He mentions that when he was chief, there were rumors that Matt was a “pervert” because he painted pregnant women. Susan and Gerry went on a few dates when they were in high school, but he’d broken up with her. Now, sometimes, he feels like he wants things to go further between them but doesn’t believe it can.
Winter arrives in Maine. Olive tells Bob that she knows someone who knew the Beach family if he needs information. Bob tells her that he isn’t taking Matt Beach’s case. After they hang up, Bob calls his older brother, Jim. They agree that Matt is probably guilty. Bob reflects on Jim’s bullying—recently, Jim confessed that he caused the accident that killed their father and let Bob take the blame for years.
Bob and Jim reminisce about how mean Gloria Beach was when they were children. Jim remembers thinking that Gloria’s daughter, Diana, was sad. Jim invites Bob to New York to visit him and his wife, Helen, but a week later, he calls again and tells him not to come. When Bob asks why, Jim won’t answer.
The Christmas decorations in Crosby go up before Thanksgiving. When Bob was a kid, he confessed to his mother that Christmas makes him sad. She cried, and he still felt guilty about it. He told Margaret about it, but she didn’t understand, and he realized that people don’t have time to listen to other people’s lives.
One night, Lucy and William have a drink at Bob and Margaret’s house. As they are leaving, William says that taking care of Lucy is his job. After he says this, Bob notices tears in Lucy’s eyes, and her voice trembles when she says goodbye. Afterward, Bob tells Margaret that he thinks Lucy was upset by William’s comment. Margaret believes that it is Lucy and William’s dynamic because Lucy is an artist, which makes her “childlike.” Later that night, Margaret thinks about Lucy’s loneliness. She reflects that it is the reason Margaret feels connected to her.
Lucy meets Charlene Bibber for a walk every so often. Charlene and Lucy met while volunteering at the food pantry. Although Charlene and Lucy have different political views, they’ve been friends for over two years. Charlene tells Lucy that she spent Christmas alone—the gas was too expensive to drive to her relatives’ house. She also tells Lucy that Olive gave her Lucy’s memoir to read (Charlene cleans Olive’s apartment). That night, Charlene reads a few pages of Lucy’s memoir and then sets it down. She intends to read it but never does.
After Christmas, Lucy and Bob go for a walk. Lucy admits that she’s been depressed, especially since her daughters, Chrissy and Becka, didn’t even ask her and William for Christmas. Lucy mentions her walk with Charlene, and they worry together about the political divisiveness of the country. Lucy tells Bob a story in which Lucy’s mother told her that “life isn’t real” (56). Bob tells Lucy the story about telling his mother he doesn’t like Christmas, and while Margaret didn’t get it, Lucy does.
It is February, and the days are getting longer. Neither Bob nor Margaret knows that her job is in jeopardy. Lucy and William are traveling, and Bob is jealous. He wants to visit New York but hasn’t because Jim still hasn’t re-invited him. He also misses his first wife, Pam, who lives in New York and with whom he is still friends.
Bob doesn’t know that Pam has an alcohol use disorder. She and her husband, Ted, moved to their house in East Hampton when the pandemic started. She was lonely, and each night at 5:00 pm, Pam would drink in her walk-in closet and then have a cocktail with Ted. Even as the pandemic was waning and people were getting out again, Pam kept drinking and discovered she didn’t have one friend to tell her secret to. Her life felt empty.
One day, when Pam was in her closet drinking, she heard Ted come in. Before she could say anything, she heard another voice—her friend, Lydia Robbins. She’d listened as they had sex. She’d said nothing to Ted during their cocktail hour but stopped drinking afterward. She told Ted she was moving back to New York. He wanted to stay in the Hamptons, so Pam went alone. Then she decided to visit Bob in Maine, even though they hadn’t seen each other in two years.
When Pam sees Bob, she reflects that he “could be working at a gas station” (67), and then she realizes that she is a snob. She tells Bob about her alcohol use disorder. Bob asks about her sons, and she tells him that they both live in California. Her son, Eric, dresses in women’s clothes and doesn’t come home, because Ted is an “intolerant asshole” about it. She says that she hates her life, and Bob realizes that she wants him to tell her what to do. He tells her to find a good Alcoholics Anonymous meeting and then “think about what it is [she] want[s] to do with the rest of [her] life” (69).
Bob drives home and tells Margaret about Pam, but Margaret is preoccupied with her own life. He thinks about how he will tell Lucy, who will care, on their next walk.
The next morning, Pam visits Bob’s sister, Susan. On her way to the airport afterward, Pam calls Bob. She tells him that Jim’s wife Helen is dying. Jim told Susan, who told Pam.
During the pandemic, Bob began delivering Mrs. Hasselbeck’s groceries and has continued to do so. He waters down the bottle of gin he brings every other week. After he puts away the groceries, they chat. Mrs. Hasselbeck asks him to label her underwear so that she knows which side is the front. After he leaves, he sits in the car, overwhelmed.
The next time Lucy goes to Olive’s house, Olive tells her about Janice Tucker, who used to cut Olive’s hair. When Janice was young, she knew that her stepmother didn’t love her. Janice won a scholarship to a prestigious college and fell in love with a professor. When he broke off their affair, she flunked out of college but was ashamed to go home. She stayed in the college town, working at a bookstore, and dated a man who was later diagnosed with schizophrenia. Janice moved back home and married a man she knew in high school.
Janice liked her husband but was fairly sure he was gay. Every year, she went to Florida alone for 10 days and knew that her husband didn’t mind because he spent the time with Grunt, a young man who worked for him. When Janice’s husband died, she took Grunt in, and they lived together. After her death, Grunt inherited Janice’s house. Olive saw him recently, working at Walmart, and he was just as sweet as ever. Lucy says that Janice spent her life “eating people’s sins” (85).
Bob can’t stop thinking about how Jim didn’t tell him about Helen’s illness. He talks to Margaret about it, but she doesn’t understand his relationship with Jim.
Bob calls Lucy to go for a walk. She tells him that her houseplant, Little Annie, has sprouted. Bob tells her about Pam’s visit and Helen. She is filled with compassion when he tells her about Jim not telling him. They talk about the way Jim treats Bob, and Lucy theorizes that Jim is a bully because he has always been frightened. Bob is initially angry, but Lucy explains that because Bob loves Jim despite his lie about their father’s death, Bob makes Jim feel vulnerable. Lucy tells Bob that he is a sin-eater.
Susan is glad Pam told Bob about Helen because she is worried about Jim. That night, Jim calls Bob and tells him that he’s going to go off his antidepressants because he doesn’t want to be numb. Bob is worried by this idea. Jim tells Bob that Helen doesn’t want anyone to see her.
It is March in Crosby. Helen finally called Bob a few weeks ago. She told him she loved him and asked him to try to help Jim and their son, Larry, whose relationship is strained. Since then, Bob has been distracted. One day, he sees William at the grocery store. William asks about Helen but then changes the subject. Bob realizes that people rarely pay real attention to others. Everyone makes him feel alone except Lucy.
These opening chapters establish the world and characters of Crosby, Maine. The geographical setting of rural Maine is important to Elizabeth Strout’s work, including the Amgash series, and the book opens by establishing the particularities of time and place. Strout centers the particular place and then connects to the specific natural environment as well. The novel tracks the passage of time through the season, months, blooming of flowers, and lengthening of days. In February, Bob reflects that “people in Maine generally understood these lengthening days, even unconsciously, and with that came a rising of hope” (58). The novel offers specific time markers throughout and then offers information about what that season looks like in Crosby to both establish the world of the novel and draw attention to the passage of time throughout.
Chapter 1 also immediately establishes the narrator as third-person omniscient, privy to information and insights that the characters don’t have, including future events. In addition, the narrator speaks directly to the reader in a literary technique called “direct address.” This strategy allows for dramatic irony, as the narrator hints to the future—“But Avery Mason, without Bob of Margaret knowing it yet, was getting ready to threaten Margaret’s job” (58)—or offers the reader advice in an aside—“Seriously, you should feel sorry for [Pam]” (61). The narrator’s insight, inside information, and perspective all give a fuller sense of the characters than one could glean just by observing them.
In addition, this choice of narrator highlights Strout’s focus on storytelling, particularly who tells a story. This establishes the theme of The Importance of Perspective in Storytelling. Strout highlights this theme by introducing the motif of “unrecorded lives,” a concept Lucy introduces Olive to during their story sessions. Olive thinks about this concept often, reflecting on how people all over live their lives unrecorded. Olive and Lucy’s story sessions center around telling the stories of people living everyday, unremarkable lives. Lucy also causes Olive to think more critically about the stories they tell, another connection to this theme. When Olive tells a story that is critical of her mother, Lucy asks, “How do you know your mother didn’t care? Did your father tell you that?” (19). As Lucy and Olive’s sessions continue, Olive will become more attuned to the nuances of storytelling, including the importance of who is telling the story.
Part 1 also raises the theme of The Impact of the Past on the Present, as Strout highlights the impact of history, upbringing, and culture on the characters’ present lives. The narrator notes that Bob’s Puritan ancestry makes him self-deprecating and stoic. The narrative also establishes Margaret’s and William’s religious upbringings, with the narrator commenting that those who came before them influence these characters. Strout’s exploration of the way the past informs the present includes the characters’ personal histories as well. Specific comments from the narrator foreshadow the way that the novel later reveals that Gloria Beach’s death is the result of the long history of the family.
Strout also establishes the theme of The Ebb and Flow of True Connection, which highlights the transient nature of those connections by exploring the relationship between connection and the inherent loneliness of being human. Strout establishes the loneliness of the characters, particularly Lucy. However, she also shows how that very loneliness becomes a point of connection: “[It] came to Margaret as a crack of light opening on a horizon, Lucy had a loneliness to her that she usually covered well” (47). This loneliness she recognizes in Lucy is one she also feels, which makes them feel connected. Bob’s interest in Lucy is also based on connection—he finds that she truly listens, a quality that he recognizes as rare and one that he doesn’t find in any of the other people in his life, including both of his wives. Bob is an empathetic and compassionate character and deeply feels his connections with others. However, his relationship with Lucy is one of the few where he is listened to and heard.
By Elizabeth Strout