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51 pages 1 hour read

Kerri Maniscalco

Stalking Jack the Ripper

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2016

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Chapters 19-24Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 19 Summary: “Dear Boss”

Blackburn takes Thomas and Audrey to a bustling newsroom where an editor has received a note signed by Jack the Ripper addressed to his “boss.” In the letter, Jack the Ripper boasts about his murders and suggests that he will send the ears of his next victim to the police.

Thomas asks Audrey whether the envelope is familiar; confused, she says that it is not, and they leave. Outside, Thomas explains that the envelope smelt of the perfume she had been wearing on the night of the circus when they went to Bedlam and Thomas’s apartment. Insulted at what Thomas is implying, Audrey leaves.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Double Event”

Audrey’s father returns from his month in the country just as two bodies are discovered in Mitre Square. Audrey joins the crowd at the scene the next day; she feels guilty about being glad that these deaths will help to prove her Uncle’s innocence as he is still locked up at Bedlam. Blackburn finds Audrey and asks her to inspect the scene with him.

Audrey is shocked by the gory sight of the murdered woman but tries to hide this from the onlooking policemen. She notes that the intestines of the woman have been pulled out and thrown over her shoulder and concludes that the killer first cut her throat before mutilating her further. She notes that, as promised in the letter, one of the girl’s ears has been cut off. Furthermore, Audrey concludes that the woman’s body has organs missing; she suspects that the uterus has been taken, as well as possibly a kidney and gallbladder. Blackburn is sickened by the sight and also struggles to maintain his composure.

Suddenly, Audrey’s father appears with some shocking news: Blackburn is her intended suitor. Audrey is furious to learn that the much older Blackburn is the man about whom her aunt and brother have been talking. She feels deceived. Her father is angry at Blackburn for involving Audrey in such “masculine matters” (209) as crime scene investigations.

Chapter 21 Summary: “The Wretched Truth”

Furious, Audrey’s father bans her from assisting her uncle in his lab and from further investigating the murders. He threatens to throw her out of the house if she refuses.

Nathaniel tells Audrey that Thomas’s mother died of an illness to her gallbladder, and that Uncle Jonathan (as was the case with their mother) tried to medically intervene but could not save her. Audrey remembers Thomas instructing Audrey to remove the cadaver’s gallbladder at his apartment, as well as the missing gallbladder of the recent murder victim. She wonders whether there could be a connection.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Saucy Jack”

Audrey reads the latest letters from Jack the Ripper, which have been published in the newspaper. She bids farewell to her Aunt Amelia and her cousin Liza; though Audrey does not agree with Aunt Amelia, Liza has proven to be an ally, and Audrey is sorry to see her go.

Seeing the newspaper, Audrey’s father asks what she is reading. Instead of answering, Audrey declares that she would rather live on the street than live under her father’s rules. She leaves to go to her uncle’s laboratory, shocking her father by wearing riding breeches instead of rustling skirts.

She arrives to find her uncle angrily taking stock of his wrecked laboratory. Thomas is there, too, helping clean up the place. Audrey asks them about the experiments they have been conducting since Thomas’s mother’s death, and they tell her that the most dramatic experiment they’ve conducted on a living patient has been reattaching a finger.

Next, she asks about his former fiancée, Emma Elizabeth Smith. Uncle Jonathan explains that she asked him to choose between her and his scientific work, and he ultimately chose science.

Chapter 23 Summary: “The Conjurer’s Art”

Audrey attends the funeral of Catherine Eddowes, the woman whose body she inspected in Mitre Square. Audrey and Thomas speak to a man at the funeral, Robert James Lees, who claims to be a medium and a spiritualist; he reveals details about Audrey’s late mother and describes a locket she had worn. Audrey is shaken by the accuracy of his details. He offers to take them to his parlor for a conjuring. Although skeptical, Audrey agrees.

Thomas and Audrey place their hands flat on Lees’s table and close their eyes as instructed while Lees communes with Miss Eddowes’s ghost. Lees shocks Audrey by telling her that Eddowes recognizes her as the person who looked at her body with a blond-haired man (i.e., Blackburn). Lees, through Eddowes, says that the murderer is someone Audrey was angry with the day she looked at Eddowes’s body. Lees then declares that Audrey has been marked for death by Jack the Ripper; panicked, he advises that she leave London at once.

Chapter 24 Summary: “From Hell”

Audrey wonders whether her father is Jack the Ripper, and she discusses this theory with Thomas in Uncle Jonathan’s library. Shortly after, a footman arrives, saying that Uncle Jonathan requires both of their presences at Scotland Yard.

At Scotland Yard, they inspect the rotted half of a kidney, which Uncle Jonathan suggests likely came from Eddowes, who was missing a kidney on the corresponding side. It is accompanied by a note allegedly from Jack the Ripper, claiming that he ate the other half of the kidney. Uncle Jonathan predicts that Jack the Ripper will take the heart of his next victim.

Chapters 19-24 Analysis

Maniscalco continues to plant red herrings in these chapters, which lead Audrey to suspect that Thomas may be Jack the Ripper. Thomas’s mother’s tragic death from a gallbladder infection presents a possible motive for murder in Audrey’s mind; Thomas might be murdering for research purposes, to acquire more organs for study in hopes of retroactively finding a cure. This reflects the theme of The Importance of Ethics in Medical Advancement. Audrey continues to contemplate Thomas’s possible link to the murders: “I couldn’t stop stealing glances at Thomas, wondering if the very monster I was hunting was standing beside me” (232). The monster hiding in plain sight motif emerges here, just as it did when Audrey sat next to Nathaniel in the park, wondering who the killer might be.

Further red herrings are presented through Thomas and Audrey’s meeting with the medium, Robert James Lee, who suggests that the murderer is someone with whom Audrey she was angry that day. She reflects that “the only people I’d been angry with were Superintendent Blackburn and my father” (240), leading readers to suspect Blackburn or Audrey’s father. The suspicions about Lord Wadsworth are further strengthened when Audrey admits: “I hated thinking or admitting it, but he fit several of Jack the Ripper’s emerging characteristics” (244).

Audrey was also angry with Nathaniel that day though the event is not foremost in her mind. In Chapter 21, when Audrey is taken home in a carriage from the crime scene, she contemplates her fury at Nathaniel:

I was furious with Blackburn for conspiring with my father and not having the decency to mention it, but I was seething over my brother most of all. How dare he betray me by leading our father to where I was. He had to know how mad it’d make Father, thinking his only daughter was in direct danger (211).

Audrey does not remember being angry with Nathaniel while she is with the spiritualist because her anger at him was not connected to the murders. Because of this, the incident does not draw the reader’s attention. This allows Maniscalco to plant a subtle clue about Nathaniel’s guilt, which most readers will likely overlook. Considering that Nathaniel is the killer, his betrayal of Audrey to their father makes sense: Audrey is removed from her crime scene investigations, which protects Nathaniel from his sister’s discerning investigative and scientific skills.

Maniscalco continues to explore Audrey’s resentment of the strict parameters placed on women in these chapters. When Liza and Audrey lie about needing to leave the house for “shopping excursions,” Aunt Amelia is thrilled with Audrey’s rare show of femininity. Aunt Amelia’s relief illustrates how much angst and frustration Audrey’s radical and unusual interests and behaviors have on her family—in particular her aunt and her father. This is echoed in Lord Wadsworth’s disgust at finding his daughter at the site of the double murder. He angrily tells Blackburn, “[W]hen I agreed to let you court my daughter, I’d no idea you’d think it a proper thing involving her in such…vile and masculine matters” (209). As she is a woman, Audrey is regarded as subversive for her interest in science and murder. The reader is positioned to sympathize with Audrey, whose interests and intelligence are constantly viewed as problematic, whereas they would be celebrated and endorsed in a man.

The enemies-to-lovers theme continues as Audrey and Thomas’s connection becomes increasingly romantic. Thomas banters to Audrey that he is “the tall, dark hero of your dreams, swooping in to save you with my vast intellect. You should accept my hand at once” (244). While this proposition is shrouded in jest, the reader deduces that Thomas is genuine in his affection for Audrey. Audrey responds, “[M]ore like the overconfident monster haunting my nightmares (244). Although she rebuffs and jokingly insults Thomas, she privately admits to finding him attractive.

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By Kerri Maniscalco