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58 pages 1 hour read

Orson Scott Card

Speaker for the Dead

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1986

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Chapters 13-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary: “Ela”

A transcript shows a discussion between Ouanda and Miro in which Miro hypothesizes that the patches of bumpy skin on the pequeninos’ abdomens are their genitals.

When Miro and Ouanda next visit the pequeninos, Human accuses them of lying; Rooter says the Speaker wants to meet the pequeninos. It is against the rules for the Speaker to cross the fence, but Human argues rules can be bent. The hive queen has a gift for them but won’t bestow it until Ender and the pequeninos meet. When pressed for an answer, Ouanda refuses to bring Ender, while Miro disagrees. The pequeninos leave, and Human and Leaf-eater pause to argue, leading Ouanda to conclude that they are rivals. Miro and Ouanda argue. Since her father was the lead xenologer, Ouanda feels she has more authority, and Miro is worried that the altercation will result in Human’s death. They apologize and agree to reverse the damage by bringing Ender to the forest that afternoon.

Ela meets privately with Ender. At first, she accidentally offends Ender by claiming that speakers are disrespectful, but she apologizes and starts again, saying she wants to expose all Novinha’s secrets. Novinha has prevented Ela from testing to become an official xenologist and from studying the Descolada; however, Ela has secretly continued researching the virus. Ela also reveals that Novinha stopped feeding Miro dinner after he became Libo’s apprentice, which triggered nightly abuse from Marcão, though Novinha resumed giving him dinner after Libo’s death. Ela remembers hearing Miro crying and vomiting that night, but she didn’t help him. Ender says that was a mistake Ela can learn from. Ela has continued hypothesizing about the Descolada and has compiled several important research questions, including how the cabra reproduce without males, how the water snake lifecycle works, and why there are so few species on Lusitania. She hypothesizes that the Descolada caused a natural disaster that killed most of Lusitania’s species, and the present species are those that adapted to the virus. Ela is ready for Marcão’s speaking, but Ender thinks Ela will feel differently after learning the truth. They part as friends, and Ela returns home. Miro arrives shortly after searching for Ender. Ela says Ender should be home soon, and both she and Miro know they are hiding information from each other. Ela knows the truth will come out soon, but she fears the pequeninos may kill Ender.

Chapter 14 Summary: “Renegades”

In a transcript between Leaf-eater and Miro, Leaf-eater is bothered by the fact that dead humans don’t serve a purpose.

Miro and Ouanda take Ender outside the fence, where they tell Ender about the pequeninos’ tree-based religion, which involves talking to trees by hitting them with sticks. Ender looks up through the leaves of the tree that grew out of Rooter’s body, and he experiences a moment of déjà vu, remembering when the hive queen shared her peacefulness with him. Miro reveals they have taught the pequeninos some human technology and have given them a copy of The Hive Queen and the Hegemon. Ender accuses the xenologers of condescension, asserting that the pequeninos know more about him than Miro and Ouanda do. Leaf-eater emerges, shocked, then walks away. Ouanda and Miro continue to argue, and they explain that Leaf-eater is Human’s rival. Led by Ender, they follow Leaf-eater.

Meanwhile, Quim chastises Olhado and Ela for helping Ender. Ela defends herself, arguing that obeying Novinha is traitorous and that the speaker can heal their family. Olhado starts weeping, and Novinha comes into the room. Novinha says Ela might be right, and she sends everyone but Olhado out of the room, so she can comfort Olhado, which she hasn’t done since he lost his eyes.

Ender, Miro, and Ouanda find the pequeninos, and Ender admits he wrote The Hive Queen and the Hegemon, which shocks the xenologers. He also says he is not sure he will restore the hive queen there but that he will listen to the pequenino’s stories. Agitated, Human wants Ender to speak for them; humans have oppressed them to the point where it is like they are already dead. He runs up a tree and then falls to the ground, saying he would rather die than be denied the ability to travel in space. The hive queen promised Rooter she would teach the pequeninos, and Ender promises to share what he feels is safe to share with the pequeninos. Human yells in Ender’s face, and Ender cries. Miro explains that crying is how humans show pain, and Mandachuva says he saw Libo and Pipo cry. The pequeninos realize they hurt Libo and Pipo, and they all wail. Miro understands that the Speaker is the original Speaker for the Dead and Ender the Xenocide.

Ender says he will do what he can for the pequeninos, but he needs to know their story. Leaf-eater refuses the offer and leaves. Ouanda asks the pequeninos how they have wood products, given that their religion forbids cutting down trees. She explains that humans cut down trees to make things. Upset, the pequeninos beg Ender not to harm their trees. Human explains that trees give themselves when needed, and Leaf-eater, who had been listening, tells the pequeninos to show the humans what he means. They go to a tree, and the humans watch as the pequeninos beat on the tree and sing. The tree falls over, and the pequeninos draw outlines of the products they need, and the tree splits itself into the various pieces. Mandachuva urges Miro to sing for the brother who gave his life to answer their question.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Speaking”

In a transcript of a conversation between Human and Miro, Human questions why humans never climb the fence, arguing that there is grass on both sides.

Bosquinha calls a meeting with Peregrino, Dom Cristão, and Dona Cristã to discuss Starways Congress’s orders. Lusitania is classed as an experiment, not a colony, so its inhabitants have no legal rights. A program has notified Bosquinha that Ender and the Congress have separately searched Lusitanian files. She thinks Congress is copying files and plans to destroy Lusitania’s records afterward. Dom Cristão noticed and started making copies, but Peregrino did not and is upset no one told him of the infiltration. Bosquinha suggests they email important records to Ender, who appears undetectable. If Congress does destroy the files, the Lusitanians could rebel and cut off their ansible connection.

Everyone appears at the speaking for Marcão. Ender organizes the speaking around Marcão’s three known identities—Marcos, Marcão, and Cão. Marcos was known as a steelworker, husband, father, and model citizen with no record. Marcão was known as big and strong, and Cão, which means dog, was known as angry and abusive. Marcão was respected by his coworkers, while Cão was bullied. Ender says the bullies are not responsible for Marcão’s violence in adulthood. Marcão was not seeking power over his family but loyalty from his wife, whom he fell in love with after she once defended him. Novinha, however, was not defending Marcão but ensuring the bullies got the punishment they deserved. Later, Novinha agreed to marry Marcão, knowing he had a fatal disease that had already rendered him sterile. Quim interrupts and threatens to kill the Speaker for calling Novinha a “whore.” Novinha stops Olhado from attacking Quim, and Quim leaves. Ela explains to a confused Quara that Marcão is not their father, and Quara asks if Ender can be their father.

Resuming the speaking, Ender says Novinha loved Pipo and blames herself for his death. She discovered something about the Descolada, but she hid the information in locked files and refused to marry Libo so she could protect him from being killed. However, she loved him, and he fathered her six children. Bruxinha and her children start leaving, and Ender adds that Libo hated himself for hurting his family and attempted to stay away from Novinha. Marcão agreed to the arrangement because he loved Novinha and hoped to gain her loyalty, if not her love. The pain of watching her have Libo’s children became torturous, and he began abusing Novinha and yelling at Miro. Miro realizes that Ouanda is his sister, and he tries to avoid despair by mirroring Ender’s wisdom and empathy. Ender concludes, saying that Novinha took the abuse as her penance and that Marcão must have found joy in his marriage. He reminds the audience that Novinha acted as she did to prevent Libo’s death.

Ender wishes he could help the pained Ribeiras. Bosquinha approaches and says the people will forget the speaking by morning. She then explains what Starways Congress is doing. Ender asks if Bosquinha will submit to Congress and if she can save her files. She tells him that she and the other leaders emailed him their files, and Ender says he will return them unopened when the time comes. Ender requests she wait to make any decisions and asks for her to hold a meeting in an hour.

Jane speaks to Ender, telling him she can make it look like the ansible connection has been severed, which would give the Lusitanians an advantage if they rebel. Ender apologizes, but Jane doesn’t say anything else. He returns home to find Ela, and he asks her for help with Novinha. Ender shows Ela that Starways Congress has destroyed Lusitania’s files. He needs Novinha to come to the meeting he has arranged with Bosquinha so she can tell them the secrets she is hiding about the Descolada. Ela leaves, and Ender feels envious of Novinha because she has a child who trusts her.

Chapters 13-15 Analysis

The continued rising action, which moves the plot along and builds tension as the climax approaches, also serves to develop the themes. The Need for Truth and Reconciliation becomes newly apparent while Ender is speaking for Marcão. The Ribeira family has been keeping many secrets, both from each other and from the wider community. Marcão’s illness made him infertile, meaning that he is not the father of Novinha’s children. His anger at this situation contributed to his abuse of his wife and children, leaving a lasting legacy of pain that can only be addressed as these secrets come into the open. Ender’s speech about Marcão causes shock and pain for everyone in the audience, particularly for Bruxinha, Quim, and Miro. Bruxinha was completely unaware of her late husband’s infidelity, and Ender thinks of her as “the most innocent victim” (195). Ender identifies Miro and Ouanda as the most devastated individuals in the crowd, which is supported by the narrator’s transition to Miro’s perspective. Once Miro learns Libo is his father and Ouanda, the woman he loves, is his sister, he can’t focus on Ender’s speech. Quim is hurt by his mother’s infidelity rather than her lies; as a devout Catholic, he is more troubled by Novinha’s sins than he is by the news that his father is not whom he thought he was. Despite the pain that hearing the truth caused, the speaking has a net-positive impact. Peregrino reflects, “It was a painful, fearful thing to go through, but in the end it had a curiously calming effect” (197), and Ender knows that the community will heal from the truth more quickly than they would have been able to do with lies still in the air. One of the most profound and immediate changes the speaking brings is within the Ribeira family. With the exception of Quim and Miro, who are preoccupied with their own struggles, the previously distant family leans on each other for moral support:

Olhado stood and walks to his mother, knelt by her, put an arm around her shoulder. Ela sat beside her, but she was folded to the ground, weeping. Quara came and stood in front of her mother, staring at her with awe. And Grego buried his face in Novinha’s lap and wept (197).

The family supporting each other reflects Ela’s arguments in earlier chapters that their family could only heal if the secrets were removed. The message underlying The Need for Truth and Reconciliation becomes the idea that truth can be painful but it is necessary, and it brings relief, reconciliation, acceptance, and peace.

Ender’s visit with the pequeninos highlights The Importance of Cross-Cultural Empathy, as Ender begins to learn about the importance of trees in the pequeninos’ worldview. In speaking with Ender, the pequeninos also reveal the degree to which they have been oppressed by the humans, who have withheld technology and knowledge from them in accordance with the restrictive laws of the Starways Congress. Ender encourages Lusitania’s human community to begin listening to the pequeninos, diffusing tensions that have been building for many years. Ender’s openness with the pequeninos, in contrast with Miro and Ouanda’s condescension, demonstrates the value of empathy. Miro and Ouanda, along with the xenologers before them, approach the pequeninos from a perspective of perceived superiority. Compared to human society which relies on technology, the pequeninos appear primitive. Their tools and structures are made from wood, and they did not practice agriculture until they were taught how by the humans. Miro and Ouanda are unable to recognize their implicit biases against the pequeninos. They claim to view the pequeninos as raman, but they treat the pequeninos like they are varelse, or animals who can’t be held responsible for their actions or ignorance. Ender recognizes the xenologers’ biases when they brief him on pequenino culture as they lead him into the forest. The xenologers condescendingly pretend to believe the pequeninos when they mention talking to Rooter’s tree, and Ender rightfully accuses them of unethical, biased behavior: “You’re so busy pretending to believe them, there isn’t a chance in the world you could learn anything from them” (166). Ender has an advantage because he has strong relationships with two other sentient species—the formics and Jane. He understands that sentient species can drastically vary from humans, which is something that most humans, including Miro and Ouanda, have yet to learn.

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