51 pages • 1 hour read
Pam Muñoz RyanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Berto and Solimar hike around the waterfall to the shallows where Berto has stashed La Magdalena, his “boat.” Solimar is dismayed to see that it is a rough, canoe-sized raft constructed of logs tied together with crates for benches. Berto made a sunshade from leaves to protect Solimar from giving a magical response to any inadvertent questions. Solimar realizes they cannot portage this raft. She believes they cannot get it through the rapids or make it through the labyrinth.
Berto assures her that he has traveled the rapids many times—even though that is where his original canoe broke up. He has memorized rhyming instructions on how to get through the caves from someone who almost made it through. Berto is “almost” certain they will be safe, depending on weather and the water level. Zarita encourages the dispirited Solimar, reminding her that she needs to be as “unsinkable” as her life vest. Berto reassures Solimar that his directions through the cave were given to him by his dependable father who died five years previously.
As they set off down the river, Berto gives Solimar lessons on river safety, including what to do if she falls overboard, and how to follow his paddling instructions. Berto’s father taught him to understand the complexities of rivers and waterfalls. His father wanted to pioneer a way to get water to their valley and transport their pomegranate harvest to Puerto Rivera. People thought Berto’s father’s ideas were farfetched, but Berto’s mother, Magdalena, always had faith in him and Berto, which is why Berto named his raft after her. Berto tried to convince neighboring kingdoms to help him enact his father’s ideas, but they rejected him.
Solimar also wants to make changes to her kingdom and wishes there were a safe transportation system down the river. Fast-moving water carries them swiftly towards the String of Pearls, a series of rapids. Solimar insists that Berto can depend on her to follow his directions. They make it successfully through the first three rapids and into quiet water. Solimar tells Berto about María and the hostages at home. They camp for the evening. The next day they face another set of rapids, a series of rocks called the Devil’s Teeth, and the caves.
Unable to sleep, Solimar wakes early and takes Berto’s binoculars to scout the river ahead. From atop a hill, she sees “the gate,” a narrow river passage between boulders; the Devil’s Teeth, sharp rocks sticking out of the rushing water; and a turbulent confluence beyond with the right side leading to the deadly Leap of Angels, and the left to the cave entrance. Solimar suns the rebozo and hears the chanting. Some butterflies detach from the shawl and fly away. She follows their flight back upriver and sees four of Aveno’s guards, sleeping, and two canoes tied to the riverbank, one holding her quinceañera gown and old boots.
Solimar wakes Berto, explaining they are being pursued and must leave immediately. She has already scouted the river. Berto trusts her assessment. The Devil’s Teeth are treacherous. Zarita falls into the water. Lázaro goes after her. The raft slides up a rock face. Berto falls off, shouting for Solimar to hold on. Solimar and the raft are pulled towards the waterfall until a wave pushes her towards the cave entrance. She grounds on a sandbar and pulls the raft out of sight. She panics briefly. Lázaro appears, followed by Berto carrying Zarita. Solimar helps Berto into the cave. La Magdalena is damaged, but Berto can fix it.
The group enters the watery tunnel. Zarita now wears a life vest that Berto made for her. Lázaro watches ahead for danger. They marvel at the clarity of the water and at fantastic stalagmite and stalactite formations. Guards at the tunnel entrance offer help, shouting for them to turn around, but Solimar knows it is a trap. The tunnel grows dark, and their progress is slow as the raft hits underwater ledges.
They follow Berto’s father’s rhyming directions until they reach a cavern with three branching tunnels. Sunshine enters from a crack above them. They cannot use their voices as the directions dictate, fearing the guards would find them. Solimar recalls Doña Flor telling her that the butterflies trusted her with their magic. She moves into the sun and allows Berto to ask her where the three tunnels go. They choose the one that ends in a cavern with bats, which implies an outside opening. They hide the raft and climb boulders up to a ledge. A smooth, water-covered rock flume leads down. Lázaro and Zarita slide down first to make sure it is safe, followed excitedly by Berto and fearfully by Solimar.
Solimar plunges into a lagoon, emerging to cheers from Zarita and Lázaro. Berto is right behind. They are in a beautiful cavern colored in many shades of blue. A passage leads out into the sunlight. Solimar understands that the caves could be a passageway to Puerto Rivera for goods coming down the river. Berto, teary, agrees, saying it would need work, but that ultimately his father was right. The group emerges from the cavern into a sunny afternoon. Climbing a nearby hill, they see Puerto Rivera ahead. Ships fill the harbor. The tents of El Gran Mercado populate a distant field. They hike towards the city. Solimar worries that they look conspicuous. Berto agrees. At a nearby farm, Berto “borrows” some clothes from a clothesline, some boots, and some food. Solimar’s father will reimburse the farmer. Solimar is glad that the clothes are boys’ outfits because they will help disguise her. Aveno’s guards will be looking for a princess, not a boy. The group hides in the woods when it gets dark.
The action of Solimar’s magical adventure takes center stage as Solimar braves the deadly Río Diablo and labyrinth of caves. Her dangerous journey and triumph over adversity emphasizes her inner strength and how she is coming of age. In facing danger together, she and Berto reveal similar aspects of their characters.
The Río Diablo epitomizes a literary trope, where a character or multiple characters are pitted against nature. The Río Diablo is both Solimar’s only hope and the biggest obstacle she faces in saving her family, kingdom, and the monarchs. The stakes and risk—both significant elements of the action-adventure genre—are high. Solimar and her friends must overcome all the deadly hazards that the river throws at them: submerged rocks, waterfalls, whirlpools, and its deadly labyrinth. Muñoz Ryan emphasizes imagery. She personifies the river, giving it qualities of a living entity. For example, when the water slows: “It was as if the river took a breath and held it,” then “exhaled” when riffles send the raft forward faster (122). The “gnashing” water around Devil’s Teeth conjures an angry, hungry animal. Berto’s warning that “[t]he river is deceiving. Never trust it” shows that he too, views the river as a sentient, dangerous adversary (124). In these ways, Muñoz Ryan emphasizes the magnitude of the dangers that Solimar faces. When Solimar overcomes them, it will reflect her strength as a heroine.
This section explores Coming of Age: Balancing Independence and Responsibility. Solimar feels a heavy sense of duty, knowing, gravely, that Berto is correct when he says: “You’re their hope” (127). It’s not just her own life at stake, but that of her family, the monarchs, and the people of her kingdom.
She risks having her rescue plan fail. She also risks her own life and that of her people and loved ones. Solimar’s acceptance of the possibility of death shows her courage and commitment.
As they traverse the river’s challenges, Solimar overcomes despair, self-doubt, and fear. She initially believes that Berto’s raft is hopeless, and cries and laughs as she calls his plan “ludicrous.” She briefly questions herself in the caves, wondering if she really saw a light in a tunnel, and is terrified when, alone, the raft heads over the waterfall. In each case, Solimar reasserts her bravery, confidence, and determination, becoming emotionally “unsinkable” as Zarita urges. Solimar represses her fear and panic, putting on a stiff upper lip when she tells Berto: “‘You don’t have to worry about me. I’m stronger than you think. Just tell me what to do, and I’ll do it’” (125). Solimar finds her inner strength, which is symbolized by her change in shoes, from princess heels to rugged river sandals.
Solimar also learns that she must trust others. On the raft she feels “vulnerable” when Berto takes down the protective umbrella but understands that she must trust him if they are to succeed. Solimar also realizes that the butterflies trusted her with their magic, and decides to use it sparingly to find their way out of the caves. Faced with high-stakes situations and far-reaching consequences, Solimar learns to trust herself and her girl power.
Berto proves worthy of Solimar’s trust. He does not abuse Solimar’s magic gift. Like Solimar, he is a foil to the self-serving King Aveno. While aware of the “advantage” that knowing the future could bring them, he is honorable and selfless. He, in turn, comes to trust Solimar’s strength: He accepts Solimar’s scouting assessment of the river when they are forced to leave in a hurry. He and Solimar share similar values and outlooks on life. Both value the conservation of the monarchs. Both are coming of age, shouldering adult responsibilities: Berto works to actualize his father’s dreams despite ridicule and lack of support, and Solimar is responsible for her kingdom’s future. Each wants to make positive, progressive changes in their homeland. Both Berto and Solimar are rewarded for their determination in these chapters; the passage through the caves vindicates Berto and his father’s ideas, and presages future prosperity for his valley and Solimar’s homeland.
By Pam Muñoz Ryan