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54 pages 1 hour read

Charlotte Brontë

Shirley

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1849

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Chapters 26-30Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 26 Summary: “Old Copy-Books”

Shirley and the Fieldhead party arrive once Caroline is nearly better and Mrs. Pryor tells Shirley everything. Shirley had already guessed that Caroline was Mrs. Pryor’s daughter. Shirley invites Caroline to Fieldhead to meet her cousins the Sympsons, including Shirley’s favorite cousin the young Henry who spends all his time with Shirley when not with his tutor, Louis Moore. Caroline is surprised to see that the Sympsons as well as Shirley essentially ignore Louis and the only one who pays attention to him is Shirley’s dog, Tartar. Caroline asks Shirley why she never told her that she knew Louis, and worries that Shirley does not like him. Hall and William, however, both love Louis despite everyone at Fieldhead finding him grave. One day when she is with Henry, Caroline learns that Shirley was once Louis’s pupil and that Louis has kept her old workbooks. Henry reveals that Shirley made Louis happy at first, but morose later. Louis and Hall arrive and have lunch with Henry and the women, and Caroline sees that Shirley is much more intimate with Louis than she first thought.

Chapter 27 Summary: “The First Bluestocking”

It is revealed that Mr. Sympson has come to Fieldhead because he thinks Shirley should marry, and he proposes an engagement with a local man whose family has come to visit. Shirley, however, does not want anyone else to decide who she will marry and is vehemently against the idea, promising only to marry for love. Three more men come forward to propose while Sympson is at Fieldhead. While she was away during the summer, Shirley and the Sympsons had met Sir Phillip Nunnely, a baronet of a nearby estate, who has also come to Fieldhead. Mr. Sympson now hopes they will marry but, although Shirley likes him, she does not want to marry him.

Yorke tells Louis to write to Robert and tell him that he should propose before Sir Phillip does. Louis had not known Robert or Shirley had intentions to marry one another and is surprised. Louis then falls ill, and Shirley comes to visit but he denies her admittance. When he is recovering, Louis asks Shirley to read to him. The narrator tells the story of an early woman named Eva and details her genius, paralleling a story Shirley had previously told about Eve, the first woman in the Christian doctrine. Henry tells a story of how Shirley had attempted to leave his father’s house when they were younger but Louis had stopped her by giving her lessons which she enjoyed. The three of them recall old poems the pupils had learned years ago and recite them to one another. The Sympsons return along with Sir Phillip, and Henry teases Shirley about it.

Chapter 28 Summary: “Phoebe”

Shirley goes out with her cousins. They ask her if she is ill, and this continues for weeks, despite Shirley’s denials. No one, including Shirley, knows what has caused this change, but she is often seen riding to see her solicitor. Henry is so worried for Shirley he cannot do his schoolwork and tells Louis that Shirley has made her will. Both Louis and Henry think Shirley is being reckless, though Louis does not think that she is actually dying. Louis still worries and tries to speak with her, but she refuses to discuss her health, asserting that she is well. She finally admits that she is nervous because she was bitten by a dog who was supposed to be rabid and was later shot. She makes Louis promise to keep her from hurting anyone and kill her if she does catch rabies. She feels comforted by talking with Louis. They talk more, alluding to how their relationship has changed since Louis has come to Fieldhead and how he wishes she would visit the schoolroom more often. Just as the bell for dinner rings, Shirley mentions that Louis should write to Robert, who has been out of town for several weeks without explanation.

Chapter 29 Summary: “Louis Moore”

Louis is alone at Fieldhead and he wanders the grounds, seeing Shirley everywhere in her home. He writes in a journal about his feelings for Shirley and also notes how Caroline would be a perfect match for Robert.

Chapter 30 Summary: “Rushedge—A Confessional”

Robert finally returns to Yorkshire after the leaders of the mob have been tried, and Yorke meets him on his way home and berates him for not proposing to Shirley. Robert confesses to Yorke that he thought marrying Shirley would be practical and that he liked her but did not love her romantically. He tells him that weeks ago, before leaving, he had seen Shirley and proposed to her, but she rejected him, telling him they both knew he did not love her and he just wanted her for her money. Shirley began to cry and told him that she respected him, but no longer does. He thought her respect for him was love, but she resolutely corrects him. She believes that they could be friends again after a time, once he understands her better.

Robert tells Yorke that he will never propose again unless he is sure he loves the woman. He reiterates to Yorke that their relationship was one of business, not romance. He alludes to his feelings for Caroline and knows he cannot leave her again. He also tells Yorke that his time out of town has led him to think kindlier of his workers. Close to Briarfield, Robert’s horse stops to drink and Robert urges Yorke to go on without him. Robert hears a strange voice beside him just before he is shot. The gunman is a man avenging the rioters Robert had arrested.

Chapters 26-30 Analysis

The question of marriage’s purpose is frequently addressed in these chapters of the novel, particularly in discussions between Shirley and her uncle Sympson. In Chapter 27, Mr. Sympson is completely flabbergasted by the notion that Shirley would want to marry for love, rather than to promote the financial and social situation of her extended family. Throughout the course of the novel, Shirley turns down at least five marriage proposals, some from men she highly esteems. Yet Shirley knows what she wants when it comes to marriage and will not allow someone else to pick a husband for her, telling her uncle, “Were Britain a serfdom and you the Czar, you could not compel me to this step” (451) and leading to Brontë ironically titling this chapter “The First Bluestocking” in a nod to Shirley’s seemingly revolutionary ideas about her own autonomy. Robert and Yorke also have an important discussion about marriage just before the former is shot. Recalling Yorke’s love for the woman who married his rival Helstone, Robert asks him, “Yorke, if Mary had loved you silently yet faithfully, chastely yet fervently, as you would wish your wife to love, would you have left her?” (515). Having recently recognized how his actions must have impacted Caroline, Robert understands that love, even when it cannot be verbalized, is the only thing that will convince him to marry. This belief is a great contrast to another revealed in this chapter when Robert tells Yorke about his unwise proposal to Shirley. Only after Shirley’s firm rejection does Robert realize marrying for money cannot compare to marrying for love.

Chapter 30 is a significant chapter of the novel for many reasons, and Robert’s many confessions reveal important changes in his character. His rejection by Shirley explains his long absence and why none of his neighbors knew the purpose of his leaving. Robert professes that, during his travels in London, he came to recognize the plight of his workers by learning of the systemic issues that plagued the people there as well. Though his foreign birth makes the residents of Briarfield wary of him, Robert’s foreignness to the city of London lets him move about anonymously and see things from different perspectives. Overall, Robert recognizes that he has done wrong on many fronts throughout the novel, and he is just beginning to improve his character and commit to changing when he is shot. Robert’s personal improvements being stalled by this act of revenge is representative of the theme of the Benefits and Deficits of Progress, showing how there are always setbacks and dissenters when one tries to improve on something.

The theme of Romantic Love Versus Friendship is also foregrounded in these chapters as both of the Moore brothers attempt to navigate their relationships with Shirley. Robert and Shirley are so close that they lead everyone in town to believe they will marry, despite neither having romantic feelings for the other. Shirley is absolutely shocked when Robert suggests their friendship and business partnership is anything more than that and tells him he does not understand her. She is doubly hurt for her friend, as she knows that Caroline is in love with Robert and thinks he knows as well, and she chastises him for thinking she could have intentions toward him when they both knew this. Shirley’s relationship with Louis is nearly the opposite of her relationship with Robert. She goes back and forth between treating Louis coldly and acting like they are friends, but the two are much closer than they would let on to anyone else. Despite this, neither confesses their love for the other, leading both to question where their relationship stands. Louis often treats Shirley like he did when she was his pupil, yet often contrasts her to his other pupil, Henry, and specifically tells the child he is not his favorite student. Even as the novel comes to a close, lines between romantic love and friendship are still blurred.

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