50 pages • 1 hour read
Yoko Tawada, Transl. Margaret MitsutaniA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The narrative shifts many years back in time as Susanoo narrates his life, beginning with the moment when, as a young man in France, he loses the ability to speak just as he begins to understand the French language. Susanoo’s narrative then moves to his childhood in Fukui, when he spends time with his father who works as a builder of humanoid robots. He makes one robot, Kaku-san, for the local Homeland PR Center, where it tells students about the development of the area’s economy from fishing to nuclear power production in the face of a changing global economic landscape.
When Susanoo is in junior high, his mother leaves their family. She works at a club in town, and though she is sometimes nice, she can be very cruel to Susanoo. Often she tells Susanoo that she wishes he was never born. In the aftermath of her departure, Susanoo is bullied at school, and one day, upon returning home with a black eye, he makes a replica of his mother out of discarded robot parts behind his father’s workshop. He develops unhealthy thoughts toward girls around him, often imagining violent acts against them. He earns the nickname Susanoo in cram school from the story of the lackluster god with the same name: His classmates begin calling him by that name because the god Susanoo is described as weak and pitiable.
One day, he brings a younger cousin to the PR Center and they talk to an interactive hologram named Uran—for uranium—who lies about the benefits and harms of its radiation. Susanoo argues with Uran, becoming enraged and swearing off ever working with robots. He instead decides to pursue shipbuilding and looks to Kiel for university. His father, who is also disappointed in his lying robots, encourages Susanoo to go. Susanoo takes a boat and makes it to Kiel, where he makes a friend, Wolf. As they spend time together fishing and hiking, Susanoo easily learns German. He soon finds a girlfriend, Anke, who loves his cooking and sushi. Susanoo stops hearing from his family and friends and, having skipped so many classes to adventure with Wolf, loses his scholarship. Wolf suggests that they go into business together, as he has recently inherited a restaurant from his uncle in Husum. Anke, from Husum, moves with them and they open Sushi Bar. The restaurant is popular, and with Anke pregnant, Susanoo’s life changes quickly.
One day, he and Wolf go to a visiting matador show, where Susanoo finds that he wants to see the bull kill the matador so that he can simultaneously kill the unpredictable side of himself, not wanting it to harm Anke or their future child. While in the stands, Susanoo sees a woman who resembles the robot he once made and follows her. When he catches her, she introduces herself as Carmen, a dancer from Arles performing in the city. She is returning soon and gives him her address, which he commits to memory. Every day, Susanoo thinks of Carmen and sees her in everything around him. He soon finds himself unhappy with Anke and the restaurant. One day, he meets a man driving to France and gets a ride to Paris. From there, he makes his way to Arles, where he finds Carmen’s house. Her boyfriend, whom she never mentioned, beats him so badly that he ends up in the hospital.
Once recovered, Susanoo does not want to return to Husum. Instead, he finds a job in a Balkan restaurant in Arles, though he soon loses his voice, never speaking to another person. Eventually, the owner asks if he can make sushi, and when he proves that he can, he begins working at a popular sushi place nearby. The years pass, and he continues to work, often visiting the ruins of a Roman amphitheater. One day, he believes he sees his mother in the stands, reigniting his questions about why she left his family. Later that day, Nora comes into the sushi restaurant before it opens and asks for Susanoo, explaining to him that many people are coming to meet him. After she leaves, Akash arrives and does the same.
Hiruko arrives at the sushi restaurant and greets Susanoo, who does not speak to her despite her challenging him to. They sit down and she feels a familiarity with him and craves a conversation, even suggesting to him that silence will lead to death. She tells him where she is from and asks him about his prefecture, Fukui. Susanoo still does not say anything, and in the silence, Hiruko thinks of the joy of conversation, and of all the people she talks to in her life.
Hoping to engage him, Hiruko tells him the folktale about the crane, hoping for some connection. The crane is saved from a trap by a young man, and they marry. The crane pretends to be a girl and secretly weaves her feathers on a loom for her new husband. He still says nothing, and Hiruko notices that while the story of the crane gets no reaction, the word “loom” causes his body to involuntarily twitch. She soon moves on to tell him about how time feels frozen in Europe, being separated from her family and homeland.
Hiruko tells Susanoo that she does not know what happened to their country. She does, however, recognize a connection in their names, as Hiruko is a goddess and an older sister of Susanoo, who, born unhealthy, is set adrift at birth in the ocean. She tries asking about his father and soon acts out a conversation as his father in which she tells him that though they do not keep in touch, he is proud of Susanoo. This engages him, though he still does not speak.
Nanook arrives and introduces himself, using phrases from a new book. He starts mentioning Susanoo’s home and past, specifically about the power plant but is interrupted by the arrival of Knut. Hiruko is relieved to see him, and Knut explains to Susanoo how they are trying to help Hiruko find answers about her country as well as find her someone to connect to. When he realizes that Susanoo does not speak and asks why, no one has a clear answer. He promises solutions, knowing people at a university who study such cases of silence. During this conversation, the door to the restaurant opens and Knut’s mother walks in, startling both Knut and Nanook.
Knut wonders how his mother found them, swearing to himself that he never told her he was coming to Arles. He has always been secretive around her, manipulating her even as a child to put distance between them. He realizes that he told her as they discussed Monet and the artist’s time in the South of France.
Knut gets up to confront his mother, but she approaches Nanook, asking where he went after leaving Denmark and why he never contacted her. Nanook does not answer, and Knut realizes that Nanook is the student his mother sponsors. He interrupts her questions, but she soon interrogates him about his relationship with Nanook, though he assures her that he never knew of his connection to her.
Nora enters the restaurant and introduces herself to Knut’s mother, who tells her that she also came to see Nanook. They both begin berating Knut for running from them, but Knut interrupts and tells them to stop attacking him, and that he is not running from anything but rather searching for something in his life. When Nora tells Knut’s mother that she is Nanook’s lover, Knut’s mother grows angry and suspicious of her, believing she has led Nanook astray. Just as they all sit down again, Akash bursts in, and Knut’s mother, shocked, asks, “What are you?” Akash claims to be Knut’s lover, and Knut, pleased to see that this claim upsets his mother, does not contradict it. After a tense exchange between Knut’s mother and his friends, Akash explains that Knut has no need for sex and that he only needs the friends he has to be with him.
Susanoo suddenly stands up and gives a speech, though no sound leaves his mouth. Despite this, everyone understands that he wants to go to the university where Knut’s friends can help discover why he cannot speak. While he speaks, Knut’s mother leaves, and when Susanoo is finished, the group of friends agrees to travel with Susanoo to the university together.
The flashbacks depicting Susanoo’s life show a world decades in the novel’s past. This window into the past allows the novel to show the roots of many of the issues the characters face. Even as a child, Susanoo sees the links between Cultural Hybridity and Cultural Erasure in his local PR Center. One of the robots his father builds for the center tells him and his classmates about the changes their area has undergone: “‘[O]ur country’s economy started to recover,’ Kaku-san went on, ‘but we were afraid our area would be left behind. Would we have to go to Tokyo to find jobs, as we used to long ago?[…] [T]hat nuclear power plant we’d almost forgotten about started up again’” (162). Like in Greenland, the economic stagnancy of the area results from an erosion of the local fishing industry because of climate change. To combat the poor economy, the nation opened up to more global markets, including nuclear energy, bringing jobs to the area and stopping people from having to leave. The entire face of Susanoo’s area changes because of the globalization of their economy, and as the years pass and the robots lie about why the area has changed so much, spinning a more positive light on it, he grows angrier.
When Hiruko finally meets Susanoo, the person she believes will be able to converse with her in her native tongue, she is disappointed that though he understands her, he no longer speaks. Shocked by this, she challenges him to speak, framing his silence as a matter of life and death: “But if your silence keeps on this way, don’t you think it might lead to death? Imagine tens of thousands of people who never talk, living on an island. They have enough to eat and clothes to wear. They have games and porn, too. But without language, they decay and die” (188). Hiruko connects language to life, and the ability and willingness to communicate as sustenance. She once again frames Language as a Source of Identity, a need as basic as the need for food. She believes that even if humans have all their basic needs, if they have no language, they will die and decay because they cannot exercise their identity or express themselves. Not only can she not formulate an identity in her mind for Susanoo, but she also suspects that, in some way, he is equally as lost on the inside, with no means of communication through which to shape his identity to others. Just as she worried that having no one to speak with in her native tongue would result in the decay of that aspect of her identity, she also believes this happens to Susanoo.
Susanoo and Hiruko’s meeting represents the climax of the novel, as the journey to find someone from her own country finally reaches its conclusion. While there is a certain relief in this meeting between the two for Hiruko, their meeting also represents a shared loss and pain between two refugees with no connections remaining to their homeland. In fact, Hiruko even asks Susanoo if he can help her understand what happened to their country: “I haven’t heard from my friends or family for a long time, and I’m afraid something terrible has happened. People in Denmark tell me to give up, and just accept that the whole archipelago has sunk into the ocean” (193). In the case of Hiruko, who came to Europe to study, but through tragedy and mystery cannot return home, this feeling of loneliness and disconnect is a representation of The Stress of Diaspora. Hiruko must live with this mysterious burden, and with almost no one to whom she shares a connection, the mystery persists. Scattered All Over the Earth makes a point to show that there is no universal immigrant or refugee experience, with different characters coming to Europe for different reasons, but in the case of Hiruko and Susanoo, as refugees with no home to return to, the silence of their homeland stands as a unique pain for them to carry.
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