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63 pages 2 hours read

Emma Donoghue

Room

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2010

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Chapter 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4, Pages 159-170 Summary: “After”

At the precinct, the media has learned of Ma and Jack’s great escape. The police try to shield Jack and Ma from the cameras, but Jack pushes the blanket away.

Ma gives her statement to the police captain, asking for the door to be left open. Officer Oh asks if Jack should wait outside, but Ma refuses. Jack thinks he is already in the Outside.

For a long time, Ma talks to the police captain. Jack asks if they can return to Room because he needs to use the restroom. Ma takes Jack to the precinct restrooms. Jack is scared by the automatically flushing toilets. He tells Ma about his soiled underwear, so Ma throws them away. Ma reassures him they can get new ones. Jack does not realize he can get things any time now, not just for Sundaytreat. Ma finishes making her statement.

Ma and Jack go directly to a psychiatric hospital called Cumberland. Jack and Ma meet Dr. Clay, who gives them masks because their immunity is compromised. Ma allows them to swab her body for evidence, so Jack waits in the lobby. Jack’s too scared to be without Ma but the television distracts him. On TV, he sees clips of him and Ma walking into the precinct. He calls to Ma to tell her about it. The lady in reception turns the television off. Dr. Clay retrieves Jack and takes him to Ma.

Another doctor assesses Ma’s wrist, saying it’ll need to be rebroken to heal properly. He gives Ma antibiotics and analgesics for her teeth. He also wants to assess Jack, but Ma refuses. She wants Jack to sleep. Dr. Clay acknowledges how closely Ma guarded Jack all those years, bringing Ma to tears. The doctors take Jack’s height and weight and tend to his abrasions. They also take his blood and reward him with a lollipop. Jack rejects the red one at first because it is the same as the one from Old Nick. Jack tries green but does not like it, so they give him an orange one. Jack is amazed that he was allowed more than one. He enjoys the orange one.

Chapter 4, Pages 170-191 Summary: “After”

Jack wakes up the next morning having peed the small bed he shares with Ma. He alerts Ma to the pee. Ma tells him it is no problem, but Jack worries because his shirt has pee on it, and the rest of his clothes are in Room.

Ma suggests they bathe. Jack is confused because they normally bathe after breakfast. Ma says they have no schedule now. Ma throws away Jack’s shirt and assures him that he will get new clothes. Jack is at first scared to join Ma in the shower, but he is more afraid when she gets in without him. Ma enjoys her first shower in seven years.

Ma puts Jack in an adult-sized robe, rolling and tying it so it fits him. Ma throws away Jack’s old socks. Jack digs the socks out of the garbage to retrieve Ma’s tooth. Jack wants to nurse, but Ma keeps telling him he can have some later. Ma wants to go outside and explore, but Jack believed they already were in the Outside. He worries about Old Nick showing up, but Ma reassures Jack that he cannot find them here.

They go downstairs for breakfast. Jack has never seen stairs, so he scoots on his bottom to get down. In the cafeteria, Jack is overwhelmed. The people smell funny, and there are so many of them. Some congratulate Ma and Jack, others compliment Jack’s heroism. Jack is scared and stays quiet. It is Easter, so Jack gets chocolate eggs with breakfast. Noreen makes several plates of food for Jack, so he can try everything. Dr. Clay suggests Ma take Jack back to the room to eat since he is overwhelmed. After breakfast, Jack nurses from Ma, and they nap.

Dr. Clay and Ma talk about Ma’s trauma and insomnia. He gives Ma some medications and agrees to let her manage them herself. Dr. Clay gives Jack some sunglasses for when he goes outside. He also gives Jack vaccinations. Dr. Clay says Jack is “like a newborn in many ways” and may have trouble with things like social adjustments, sensory processing, and spatial perception (182). Dr. Clay met with other specialists to discuss Jack. They want to first make him feel safe before bringing in new people.

A cop delivers word that they have caught Old Nick. Ma shows Old Nick’s mugshots to Jack and says they are safe now. Dr. Clay asks Jack if Old Nick ever hurt him. Ma is offended because she took good care of Jack. Jack recalls how Old Nick dropped him on the street. Dr. Clay says they need to confirm Jack’s DNA, not because he suspects anyone else could be Jack’s father, but because they need all the evidence against Old Nick that they can gather.

At lunchtime, Jack is still full from breakfast, so he takes a nap. Ma reads the paper instead of joining him. Jack wonders why she does not want to sleep with him. When Jack wakes up later, Ma soothes him, telling him it is okay. Noreen delivers new clothes for them. Jack loves his new astronaut pajamas, but he hates his tennis shoes.

Ma’s mom arrives for an emotional reunion. Jack is shy around Grandma, but she is delighted to meet him. Grandma introduces the man with her as Leo, then asks Leo to excuse them. Leo is Grandma’s new husband. Grandma and Ma’s dad divorced after Ma disappeared. Grandpa believed Ma died, but Grandma would not accept that. Ma’s dad moved back to Australia, but he is flying back now that Ma is alive. Paul, Ma’s brother, is married now, too, and has a little girl.

While eating dinner in their room, Jack watches as the sun sets out the window. He loves the window because there is always something new to see. That night, Jack struggles to sleep. He misses his things in Room. He does not understand why they cannot go back to Room to sleep. He wakes Ma to ask how long they will be at the clinic, but Ma does not know. Jack asks if they are locked in, and Ma sharply replies that they are not. Jack wonders why they have to stay if they are not locked in.

Chapter 4, Pages 192-206 Summary: “After”

The next day, Jack experiences new things like eating in the dining hall. He practices his manners when interacting with staff. He is still jumpy with loud and sudden noises. He carries his shoes because he does not like wearing them.

Dr. Clay and Ma discuss Ma’s journals and feelings as she processes her trauma. Jack talks to Dr. Clay too. Jack plays with Play-Doh while talking about Room. Dr. Clay is surprised Jack never had Play-Doh for Sundaytreat, but Ma gets defensive, explaining that it dries out and they needed things to last. After Dr. Clay leaves, Jack nurses from Ma and they nap.

When they wake up, Jack’s nose is dripping. He has caught his first cold. Jack worries he is going to die, but Ma reassures him that he will get over it. They eat a healthy lunch.

Ma convinces Jack to go outside, but he is overwhelmed by how loud the wind is and how bright the sun is. Dr. Clay and Noreen give Jack a bag to breathe into, and they go back inside. Grandma brings them books from when Ma and Uncle Paul were kids. Jack cannot believe Ma was ever a kid. Grandma asks Ma to tell her what happened in the room. Ma refuses because she is trying to forget.

Ma and Jack meet with their lawyer, Morris. Morris wants to sue the media for publishing old photos of Ma. He delivers a bag full of cards and presents that have been sent from strangers around the country. Jack opens the presents and Ma reads him some of the cards. There are too many presents, so Ma tells him to choose five and donate the rest. Jack chooses six and hopes she does not notice.

Morris and Ma discuss Old Nick’s potential sentence. Ma asks about a baby, “the first one” (203). Morris explains that they cannot get Old Nick for murder if the child was not born alive. Later, Jack asks about the other baby. Ma explains that her first child was a girl, but she came out with her cord around her neck and could not breathe. Old Nick would not help. Jack imagines that the first baby was him too, just not ready yet, and he came back when he was ready. During Jack’s birth, Ma did not let Old Nick enter Room.

Chapter 4, Pages 206-224 Summary: “After”

Jack falls out of bed that night again, but he refuses to sleep alone. Ma is sick now too. Noreen gives Jack a digital watch. When Noreen suggests Jack is homesick, Ma gets upset, so Noreen apologizes for her word choice. Jack wonders if they have a home without Room.

Jack draws a picture of Room for Dr. Clay. Dr. Clay and Jack talk about counting things. Jack is surprised to learn other people count things when they’re nervous. Ma and Dr. Clay talk about separation anxiety, but Ma stresses that she and Jack will not be separated. Dr. Clay thinks it is good that Ma got Jack out of their situation so young.

They go outside again. This time, Noreen narrates Jack’s walk as though it is a television show. This helps Jack relax. They look at the cars, the grass, and the sky. Ma shows Jack the flowers and the trees. Ma points out an ant. Jack’s relieved she does not squish it. A media helicopter flies overhead, so Ma and Noreen rush back inside with Jack.

Grandma visits, along with Uncle Paul and his wife, Deana. They have a toddler named Bronwyn. Deana tells Jack that Bronwyn would love to meet him. Paul is emotional. He takes some photos of Ma and Jack to send to their father, who is flying in soon.

Grandma greets Jack, who is still learning how to respond to greetings. Leo comes in to see everyone. Jack calls Leo “Steppa,” meaning step-grandpa. Jack asks Ma to breastfeed. Grandma judges Ma for still breastfeeding a five-year-old, despite acknowledging the circumstances.

When everyone leaves, Ma nurses Jack. She falls asleep, so Jack looks at the newspaper. He finds a sensationalized article about him and Ma. It refers to Jack as “Bonsai Boy” and describes how he cannot properly use the stairs and may have “long-term developmental retardation” (216). Later, Jack asks Ma about the article. Ma explains what a bonsai tree is and tells Jack not to worry because the paper gets things wrong.

Jack dreams of Ajeet mailing him Raja’s poop because Jack took six toys instead of five. He wakes Ma up to confess about the toys. Ma comforts him. The next morning, Ma and Jack count their friends—people they have met who are kind to them. Jack asks about Leo, but Ma says he reeks of dope and is Grandma’s rebound. When Jack tells Dr. Clay about his dreams, Dr. Clay says his brain is cleaning out the scary thoughts.

Ma and Jack go to the computer room. Ma tries to log into her old social media to check up on old friends while Jack plays a Dora the Explorer game. Ma researches other cases like hers.

Paul gifts Ma an MP3 player. Ma shares songs with Jack. While listening to “All You Need is Love” by the Beatles, Ma tells Jack of an experiment with baby monkeys who were not given their parents love, and they grew up weird. Jack is scared by this story. Ma apologizes and regrets mentioning it. She is having a hard time remembering to be herself again while still being Jack’s Ma. Jack cannot separate the two. 

Jack notices that other boys on the Outside have short hair. Jack does not want a haircut because he will lose his strength, like Samson. Jack wishes to spend time with other kids.

Jack and Ma go to a private dentist’s visit. The dentist examines Jack’s teeth first, which are perfect, then seats Jack in a kid’s room. However, Jack panics when he hears the drills working on Ma, so he comes back out to sit with her the entire time.

Chapter 4, Pages 225-249 Summary: “After”

Jack wishes he brought Ma’s tooth to the dentist to get fixed. During dinner, Noreen tells Ma that her dad is there. Ma rushes down to see him immediately while Jack finishes his dinner. Noreen brings Jack to Ma and Grandpa, but Grandpa cannot look at him. He is uncomfortable with Jack because Jack reminds Grandpa of Old Nick. He cannot handle it, so he leaves, upsetting Ma.

Jack wakes up crying in the night, thinking about the monkeys from Ma’s story. Ma says Jack cannot burden his mind with all the bad things in the world all the time. Ma pushes them out of her head so she can sleep.

Ma has a television interview. Jack is afraid to be away from Ma, so Ma agrees that Jack can sit in the corner during the interview. Morris explains to the producers that Jack is not to have any photos or videos taken of him and not to be shown on the television segment.

The reporter asks Ma about the outside and how she has changed over the years of captivity. She then asks more probing questions about whether Ma ever developed sympathy for her captor. Ma says she was polite to Old Nick to protect Jack. The reporter asks if it was hard raising Jack. Ma says it was easy because they had each other. They discuss Ma’s approach to raising Jack by not letting him believe there was a world outside of Room for his own benefit.

The reporter says Ma is a beacon of hope for people everywhere. Ma does not like the attention. All she did was survive and raise Jack. The reporter asks if Ma considered letting her captor leave Jack at a hospital so he could have freedom and normalcy. Ma gets flustered at this question. Ma thinks she made the right choices for Jack, but she begins to cry as the reporter presses her. Jack runs up to hug Ma, and Morris shouts again that Jack is not to be recorded.

The next morning, Ma is Gone. Jack tells Noreen about it. Noreen helps Jack get ready on his own and tends to Ma, whose only demand is to be left alone to sleep. Paul, Deana, and Bronwyn wait downstairs. They have planned a day out for Jack and Ma. At Noreen’s encouragement, Jack goes without Ma, but he is apprehensive.

Paul and Deana take Jack and Bronwyn to the mall to find a birthday present for one of Bronwyn’s friends. Jack and Bronwyn ride in a wagon. Jack gets excited about a Dora the Explorer backpack. Deana buys it for him. Bronwyn throws a tantrum because she wants a bag too. Deana and Paul quickly become overwhelmed managing both kids in the mall. Jack is fascinated by the many things he sees.

Jack kicks his shoes off, but a woman finds them and brings them to the group. Missing Ma, Jack asks to go back to the clinic. Paul assures him they will take him back in a bit.

Jack is scared of the urinals in the men’s restroom, so Deana takes him into the women’s room instead. Jack watches Deana change Bronwyn’s diaper. He is confused because Bronwyn has different parts, so he pokes her privates. Deana slaps Jack’s hand away and scolds him, telling him he cannot touch others’ private parts. Jack’s hand bleeds because Deana’s ring scratched him. Deana apologizes. Jack wishes he were with Ma.

As they walk, Jack spots a copy of Dylan the Digger in a store. He is excited to see his friend from Room, so he takes the book. Deana picks out a book for Bronwyn’s friend. As they leave, Deana gives Jack a coin to make a wish in a fountain. Jack wishes to go back to Room. The man working the bookstore confronts them about Jack stealing the book. Paul apologizes and pays.

Ma is still sleeping at the clinic. Jack notices she has vomited. He tries to wake Ma, but she is unresponsive. He notifies Noreen, who calls in a Code Blue. Ma’s pill bottle is empty: She has taken an overdose, though Jack does not understand this. People rush in to tend to Ma. Jack is taken to the hallway, screaming for her desperately.

Chapter 4 Analysis

Chapter 4 is the longest chapter in the book, and it covers the first week of Jack and Ma’s lives outside of captivity. Jack’s narrative perspective paces out the days through his moment to moment thoughts and feelings as he experiences the world for the first time at five years old. This chapter builds tension by slowly unveiling Ma’s trauma and insecurities now that she is free through the eyes of Jack, who is doing his best to understand this new reality. Although Jack does not understand everything, Jack watches Ma closely because she is the only person he knows and loves in a world full of strangers. Jack’s attachment to Ma is one of many obstacles Ma must face as she gets reacquainted with herself and the world around her.

Chapter 4 develops all three of the main themes of the novel. The Ability to Adapt and The Innocence of Childhood themes are developed throughout the chapter as Jack learns about the world and faces many of his fears; The Impact of Trauma theme, however, is developed more slowly as the longer Ma and Jack spend in the real world, the more their trauma from their time in Room begins to seep in. At the beginning of the chapter, Ma is feeling light and free. She tells Jack, “We don’t have to do the same as we used to, [...] we can do what we like” (172). Ma carries an optimism with her, feeling free for the first time in seven years. However, Ma’s trauma from her time in Room is apparent. Ma blurts, “Don’t shut it” to Officer Oh when they get to the private room in the precinct, showing how Ma has trauma around being in enclosed spaces. Later, when Dr. Kendrick wants to examine Jack as Jack and Ma are being admitted to the clinic, Ma becomes protective, declaring, “He’s never been out of my sight and nothing happened to him, nothing like what you’re insinuating” (167). Ma reads into Dr. Kendrick’s protocol as though he is indicating Ma did not protect Jack, and Ma reacts defensively as a result of her years of worrying about Jack.

Ma’s trauma continues to impact her more and more as she becomes reacquainted with the world. This is especially apparent as more of Ma’s decisions regarding Jack come into question through her interactions with her parents and with the interviewer. When Ma lets Grandma know that she is still breastfeeding Jack, Grandma reacts with shock and discomfort, saying, “Well, cooped up in that place, I guess everything was—but even so, five years—” (215). Grandma’s criticism of Ma’s decision making with Jack is just one of many criticisms that come at Ma for her decisions with Jack. Later in the chapter, Ma faces her father for the first time since her release, and his reaction to Jack is even harsher. He refuses to look at Jack, explaining, “all I can think of is that beast and what he—” (226). Ma is defensive again, stressing that Jack is a miracle and her father must live with it. These feelings come up again in her interview. When the reporter circles back to Jack’s birth, however, Ma loses it. In response to the reporter saying, “some of our viewers have been wondering whether it ever for a moment occurred to you…” (237), Ma interrupts the question to ask, “What, put a pillow over his head?” (237), to hyperbolize the concept of giving Jack up for adoption so he could have a normal life. The reporter clarifies, “To leave him outside a hospital, say, so he could be adopted” and “so he could be free” (237). She says, “Jack could have had a normal, happy childhood with a loving family” (237), pushing Ma over the edge. The interview leaves Ma in tears as she once again defends the choices she made for Jack in her difficult situation. The day following this interview, Ma is “Gone” and that evening, Jack discovers she has attempted suicide. Ma’s trauma regarding her imprisonment and her decisions with Jack drives her to take all of her pills. While Ma should be happy about her freedom after seven years, the trauma of her time in confinement haunts her, showing how trauma has a deep and profound impact on people and can be difficult to recover from.

The reporter and media’s side of this chapter also shows the way the media sensationalizes true crime at the expense of the victims. When Ma and Jack arrive at the precinct, there are already reporters with cameras there, trying to catch the first glimpse of a woman and child who have spent years in confinement at the hands of a criminal. Later, as Ma and Jack go outside for the second time to get Jack acquainted with the world, a press helicopter flies overhead. The media’s desperate pressure to pursue images and screen time with Ma and Jack, as well as Ma’s dramatic and intrusive interview, shows how ruthless the media can be when it comes to reporting on true crimes. Their presence is nothing but damaging to Ma and Jack as they try to adjust to their new lives.

Luckily, Jack does not fully understand this yet. The Innocence of Childhood theme is further developed through Jack’s narrative perspective as he reports on all the new sights, experiences, and feelings he has in the new world. Jack is continually amazed by ordinary things, like the vending machine at the police precinct, which Jack calls “[a] thing like a spaceship all lit up” (159), and refers to as an “amazing machine” (161). He is amazed when he can choose more than one lollipop after getting his blood drawn, and when asked if Old Nick ever hurt him, Jack mentions how Old Nick “cutted off the power so the vegetables went slimy” (183). Jack is not aware that there are deeper, more serious ways Old Nick could have hurt him. Jack is also innocent to gender norms, causing him to become confused when people refer to him as a girl. He does not understand that he appears to be a girl, as he has never dealt with gender expectations. Jack’s lack of understanding about the world around him contributes to the Innocence of Childhood theme by showing how Jack still does not comprehend the horrors of his previous imprisonment and how he views the world through wondrous eyes.

However, despite Jack’s newness, he does begin to learn about the world and works to adapt to his new environment, developing the Ability to Adapt theme. When Jack and Ma first get to the clinic, Jack struggles to interact with people besides Ma. He does not know what to do when offered a high-five, and he goes down the stairs on his butt. He also has no manners. However, as time passes, Jack comes to adjust to these new things. And later in the chapter, as he goes downstairs for the first time without Ma, Jack describes “holding on tight to the rail with two hands, I do one foot down then another, I slide my hands down, I don’t fall, there’s just a second when it feels fally then I’m standing on the next foot” (239). Jack’s first successful descent down the stairs is a big moment for him, and it demonstrates how Jack is learning, growing, and adapting to his new environment. Jack’s progress develops the Ability to Adapt theme by showing how he adjusts and changes as he is exposed to new things.

Despite Jack’s progress, Jack’s attachment to Ma is still an obstacle for both of them. When Ma is getting checked out at the hospital, Jack does not want to give her privacy and must be distracted with the television for most of the exam. Jack also panics when Ma gets into the shower without him. Ma’s tooth functions as a symbol of Jack’s attachment to Ma. After his first shower with Ma, Jack tries to put his old socks back on, but Ma throws them away. Jack panics, exclaiming, “But Tooth, we forgot him” (174) before digging the socks out of the garbage to retrieve Ma’s tooth, which is still in there from their escape. Jack’s attachment to Tooth is a symbol of his attachment to Ma. Even Dr. Clay acknowledges that Jack has attachment issues with Ma. Ma tells Dr. Clay, “You keep talking about separation anxiety [...] but me and Jack are not going to be separated” (209). While Ma’s heart is in the right place, she ignores the reality of Jack’s full dependence on her. This dependence becomes an issue for Jack as he and Ma are separated after Ma’s suicide attempt.

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