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40 pages 1 hour read

Daniel Defoe

Robinson Crusoe

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1719

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Character Analysis

Robinson Crusoe

Crusoe is the narrator and protagonist. He is the son of a merchant, and younger brother to two. At age 18, he leaves home for his first sea voyage against his parents’ wishes, and without their knowing. He becomes stranded for twenty-eight years on an uninhabited island, which cannibals visit for sacrificial ceremonies every eighteen months. Crusoe’s journal of his twenty-eight years cast away accounts for the surplus of the novel’s contents. Crusoe makes his journey from young man, to successful merchant in Guinea, to slave in Morocco, to plantation owner in Brazil to cast away, before returning to Europe. During this time, Crusoe’s character greatly changes, from a confident wayfarer to a devoted reader of Scripture and believer in God’s providence.

Friday

Friday comes from a Caribbean tribe that practices cannibalism. Friday gets rescued by Crusoe before Friday is to be devoured by a rival tribe. At the moment of his rescue, Friday kneels to the ground, then places Crusoe’s foot on his head, signaling Friday’s devotion. Friday is the first human Crusoe communicates with after being cast away. Friday helps Crusoe overtake a mutinied English ship, which ultimately delivers both men from the island to England.

Xury

A fellow slave for two years with Crusoe in Sallee, Xury helps with fishing and maintenance. Xury is on board the small boat with Crusoe the day Crusoe executes his escape. Crusoe demands the boy’s loyalty, saying that otherwise he will throw Xury overboard. Xury is good help for Crusoe until a Portuguese ship rescues the two, and Crusoe sells the boy to the ship’s captain as its servant.

The Widow

The widow of the first ship Crusoe took to Guinea, where Crusoe was able to find gold and return with money, who keeps watch of Crusoe’s money during his long absence cast away. When Crusoe returns to England, he visits the widow, and she helps him settle his economic affairs.

The Captain of Portuguese Ship

This captain rescues Crusoe and Xury when the two escape from the slavery at Sallee. The captain offers Crusoe free board to Brazil in exchange for nothing, saying that he would want the same if rescued at sea. As such, Crusoe arrives in Brazil with a full stock from the small boat, which he collected before the escape. Twenty-eight years later, Crusoe seeks out the captain in Lisbon, after Crusoe’s return to England. The captain helps Crusoe contact the trustees of Crusoe’s plantation in Brazil. The captain pays back some of the debt he owes Crusoe, who won’t accept the entire payment. It’s the captain’s generosity that first saves Crusoe, and later allows Crusoe to rejoin society as a prosperous man.

The Captain of the English Ship

Crusoe saves the captain of an English ship that suffered mutiny, and whose captain was about to be devoured by cannibals. With this captain’s help, Crusoe and the captain, along with Friday and other men from the ship, execute a plan that regains the ship, and reclaims authority over the sailors, some of whom are left behind on the island as punishment for being part of the mutiny.

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