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60 pages 2 hours read

Sarah J. Maas

Queen of Shadows

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2015

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Themes

The Ethics of Survival

Aelin, Lysandra, and Aedion engage in morally grey actions to survive, which makes them worry that others will judge them. Often facing versions of the trolley problem—should you kill one to save many—Aelin in particular must often consider whether to do evil for the greater good.

The conflict between Aelin and Chaol comes from this ethical dilemma. Aelin has been forced to kill many people to survive. In contrast, Chaol has always had the luxury of keeping to a moral code of honor, loyalty, and integrity. Because he’s never had to break these tenets, Chaol sees Aelin as a murderer; as the rightful heir of Terrasen, she is an enemy of Adarlan and a threat to Dorian. When she returns to Rifthold, Chaol accuses her of wielding her magic as a weapon of mass destruction: “Will you hold all of Rifthold hostage the way you did Doranelle? Burn anyone who doesn’t agree with you? Or will you just incinerate our kingdom from spite?” (53). However, when Chaol abandons the castle to save himself while leaving Dorian trapped in the King of Adarlan’s Wyrdstone collar, he is forced to acknowledge that idealistic honor codes must sometimes be put aside. Chaol’s actions allow Aelin to turn the tables, blaming him for prioritizing his own survival. She responds to Chaol’s involvement in Nehemia’s death and his flight from the castle with fury: “You should have gotten Dorian and Sorscha out the day the king butchered those slaves. Did you learn nothing from Nehemia’s death? Did you somehow think you could win with your honor intact, without sacrificing something?” (45).

Chaol’s fear, hatred, and disgust at Aelin’s past make her worry that her cousin Aedion will react the same way, but she is wrong. While Aedion also subscribes to the same honor codes that Chaol does, but after Terrasen was conquered, Aedion led the King of Adarlan’s armies. By enacting the orders of Terrasen’s enemy, Aedion chose survival over loyalty. Aedion calms Aelin’s fears: “I could never be ashamed of you […] You survived; I survived. […] Whatever you had to do to survive, whatever you did from spite or rage or selfishness… I don’t give a damn. You’re here—and you’re perfect” (187). His unconditional acceptance comes from the understanding that ethics are sometimes situational rather than absolute. The same goes for Lysandra, who has done many amoral things to survive orphanhood and forced her life as a courtesan. One such act, Lysandra’s decision to mutilate Evangeline’s face, is a horrible act done to ensure her freedom from sexual abuse and servitude.

Nature Versus Nurture

One of the questions at the heart of the novel is whether evil is inherent or taught. Echoing the words of her half-sister Rhiannon before her death, Manon asks Elide: “Do you believe monsters are born, or made?” (337). In Heir of Fire, just before Manon kills her on behalf of their grandmother, the Blackbeak Matron, Rhiannon firmly aligns herself with the idea that wrongdoing is a learned behavior: “They have made you into monsters. Made, Manon. And we feel sorry for you” (597). In Queen of Shadows, Manon and the Thirteen consider the question, as they increasingly doubt the orders of the duke, the Matron, and the Valg. Manon has always taken pride in being a witch, whose instincts to hunt and inflict pain are innate, but when her coven falls under the command of Erawan and his Valg, she realizes that she doesn’t want to be someone else’s weapon. The violence of the witches is animal-like in its amorality, while Duke Perrington delights in the suffering of others: Manon “met his gaze, met every inch of blackness within it. And found something slithering inside that had no place in this world” (268).

Manon realizes that, unlike the Valg, her witch’s ruthlessness comes with the potential for love that is worth holding onto. The driving force behind this realization is the persistence of Manon’s second-in-command Asterin, a witch who has loved and grieved in private for fear of the Ironteeth Matron’s wrath. Asterin enthusiastically tells Manon that love is the “most powerful thing [she’s] ever felt, greater than rage, than lust, than magic” (634). Asterin fearlessly fights for the safety of the Blackbeak witches, against Duke Perrington, Manon’s grandmother, and Manon herself because her fierce and passionate love fuels her strength. The end of Queen of Shadows marks the beginning of Manon’s transition from the witch’s indoctrinated mantra, “Brutality. Discipline. Obedience” to the belief that “It did not seem like a weakness to fight for those who could not defend themselves. Even if they weren’t true witches. Even if they meant nothing to her” (597).

Self-Acceptance as Closure

This novel focuses on the need for closure—the idea that making peace with one’s past is the only way to self-actualize in the present and the future, without ruminating on past emotional scars. While closure is often seen as an opportunity for retribution or vengeance, true peace comes from self-acceptance.

When Aelin returns to Rifthold at the start of the novel, she must face the most formative facets of her past so she may reclaim her identity as Heir of Terrasen. Aelin finds Sam Cortland’s grave and says goodbye to her first love. She ends her ambiguously unresolved romance with Chaol. She saves her cousin Aedion from execution, reuniting them for the first time since Terrasen’s fall and officially beginning her new court. She befriends her old rival, Lysandra, freeing her from life as a courtesan and granting her nobility in Terrasen. Aelin murders her abusive former master Arobynn. All these actions effectively sever ties she no longer wishes to hold and integrate parts of her past as Celaena into her new identity. Grieving Sam and clarifying things with Chaol opens her up to pursuing a romance with Rowan, the first love interest to know her true identity. Reconnecting with Lysandra eases some of the grief from the death of Nehemia and, while Arobynn’s murder doesn’t make Aelin feel better, it does restore several aspects of her royal identity: She reclaims the Amulet of Orynth that Arobynn stole and finances Terrasen’s armies by selling off the Assassin’s Guild. Finally, by killing the King of Adarlan, Aelin fulfills the promise she made to Nehemia to free her homeland of Eyllwe from Adarlan control.

Though Aelin spent Heir of Fire learning to accept herself, there are some things she has yet to forgive. Though Aelin claims to “rather like” her scars, she worries about what others will think of all she’s done to survive. For example, Aelin is relieved to discover that Lord Ren Allsbrook of Terrasen is not in Rifthold when she arrives because it means she doesn’t “have to face Ren and see how he might react to who she was, what she’d done” (59). When planning Aedion’s rescue, Aelin believes “her cousin might spit in her face the moment he laid eyes on her” (47), but after their reunion when they begin trading stories of their battle scars, Aelin nearly cries in relief at “the lack of fear or disgust in [Aedion’s] eyes” (228). Finally, Rowan’s unconditional love of Aelin helps her self-acceptance because he reminds her that she is “not a monster—not for what she’d done, not for her power” (257).

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