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51 pages 1 hour read

Grace D. Li

Portrait of a Thief

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Part 1, Chapters 1-11Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Act One”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “Will”

Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses colonization and racism.

Chapter 1 introduces Will Chen, an art history student at Harvard who works at Boston’s Sackler Museum. He just witnessed a group of thieves rob 23 pieces of priceless Chinese art. Investigators suspect him because he recently published an article about Chinese art and Western imperialism. Though he wasn’t involved in the theft, he took advantage of the chaos to pocket a jade tiger worth thousands of dollars. The thieves saw his act and slipped a business card in his pocket while running past. The card says “China Poly” and has an international phone number; “Nice lift” (5) is handwritten on the back.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Alex”

Chapter 2 introduces Alex Huang, who grew up in New York City’s Chinatown where her family owns a restaurant. She dropped out of MIT to take a coding job with Google in Silicon Valley. She met Will through a dating app while at MIT. They decided they were better off as friends but have stayed close since. Will calls Alex and tells her about the robbery at the Sackler Museum. She hacks into the museum’s security system and deletes the footage of him stealing the jade tiger. Will tells her about the business card, which he calls an invitation, and asks her to join him in answering it; she agrees.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “Will”

After calling the number on the China Poly business card, Will receives a text message with a link to an airline reservation—five first-class tickets to Beijing in his name. The flight is a week away. Will calls his sister Irene, and she proves more cautious than him, opting to research China Poly. Despite her uncertainty, she agrees to accompany her brother. She tells Will that there’s a driver at Duke he should meet.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “Lily”

Chapter 4 introduces Lily Wu as she wins a street race in Durham, North Carolina, where she attends Duke University; she grew up in Galveston, Texas. After the race, she finds Will waiting for her. She reveals they’ve met before, when she and her roommate Irene moved in together. Will tells Lily that he came to Durham to visit Irene, not realizing she was in New York for an interview. They talk and get to know each other. Then, Will admits he actually came to Durham to see Lily.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary: “Daniel”

Chapter 5 introduces Daniel Liang, who’s been best friends with Will and Irene for 10 years. Irene invited him to Beijing, and he can never refuse her. He joins his friends at the penthouse of Wang Yuling, chief executive officer (CEO) of China’s most secretive company, China Poly. Yuling tells the group about the Old Summer Palace, built during the Qing Dynasty and destroyed by British and French forces. Among the looted items were 12 bronze fountainheads depicting the Chinese zodiac. Seven are back in China’s possession, but five remain in Western museums. Yuling wants to hire the group to steal them back.

Daniel wants to leave, as his father Yaoxian is an investigator for the FBI’s Art Crime Team. He’s preparing for medical school interviews and has plenty to lose, but out of loyalty to Will, he’s convinced to stay.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary: “Alex”

When Alex learns China Poly will pay the crew $50 million for the heist, she realizes all she can do with the money: She can support her family and her own dreams. She’s felt unfulfilled in her job at Google and wants change. The crew makes a pros and cons list to decide whether or not to take the job. Irene and Daniel are against it, but Alex wants to do it, and believes they can.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary: “Irene”

Chapter 7 reveals Irene Chen’s background and perspective. She’s spent her whole life doing everything right, but feels she never measures up to her brother. A junior at Duke, she studies politics and plans to attend law school, having been offered a summer internship at a prestigious consulting firm. Irene and Daniel share their thoughts about the heist over breakfast. She knows his fractured relationship with his father is a factor, and also knows he’s in love with her. The crew decides to visit the Poly Art Museum, where the seven reclaimed fountainheads are displayed. They arrive as the museum is closing, but Irene convinces the guard to let them enter.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary: “Will”

The museum lights suddenly go out. Will reveals he arranged a trial theft with Yuling, to prove the crew is capable. Daniel picks the lock of a display case. Holding the fountainhead, Will feels a sense of victory, but Lily lists all the things that could go wrong in a real heist. In the end, Will, Lily, and Alex want to do the job, and Daniel and Irene give in.

Will and Lily visit the ruins of the Old Summer Palace the next morning. Will shows Lily around and learns she’s never been to China. The two begin flirting, but Will stops when he considers how important this job is to him and realizes he doesn’t need complications.

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary: “Irene”

At the Beijing airport, Irene tells Alex that the crew doesn’t need her and she shouldn’t be there. She thinks of Alex as merely a past girlfriend of Will’s and dismisses her as anything else. Though Irene is adept at getting people to like her, she doesn’t care enough to make an effort with Alex. On the plane, Irene and Lily discuss how the heist will change their futures, though they’re divided on whether or not it’s a good thing.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary: “Lily”

Back at Duke, Lily reflects on her time in Beijing and realizes she should be afraid of the risks she’s taking, but isn’t. The crew meets over Zoom to plan the heist. Their research strategy includes watching popular heist films and reading about historical art thefts. Alex gives them remote access to an encrypted file system where they store their notes. Irene asks Lily what she thinks of Will. Lily senses Irene’s worry that he’ll come between them and denies any attraction.

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary: “Will”

Researching historical art thefts, Will learns most museum thefts were smash-and-grab jobs, rather than the elaborate schemes portrayed in movies. Drottningholm Palace in Stockholm, Sweden, will be the crew’s first target. As the assumed leader, Will assigns classic heist archetypes: Alex will handle museum security, Daniel will get the fountainhead out of its protective case, Lily will plan their getaway, and Irene will handle their alibis.

Part 1, Chapters 1-11 Analysis

The robbery at Boston’s Sackler Museum serves as Portrait of a Thief’s inciting incident by bringing Will into contact with the powerful Wang Yuling, CEO of China Poly. Investigators’ suspicion of Will’s involvement in the robbery serves as the hook, creating tension and conflict between Will and law enforcement. Chapters 1-11 weave exposition—through the main characters’ pasts—into the story’s rising action as they plan their first heist at Drottningholm Palace in Stockholm, Sweden.

The theme of Art Colonization and Repatriation emerges when Yuling says, “I want you to take back what the West stole” (25). Nuance is added to this statement as Irene acknowledges “history was bigger than the West” and considers China’s “own legacy of imperialism, how it could take and take and take” (43). Through this insight, the novel’s conflict shifts to museums’ relationship with looted countries, examining the power dynamic accompanying the theft and display of cultural artifacts.

Grace D. Li creates tension and conflict by establishing clear stakes for each character. They all attend prestigious schools or have lucrative jobs, with family expectations and financial needs weighing on them. They’ve worked hard to set themselves up for bright futures, so they have much to lose if the heist goes wrong. Character development is at the heart of this story. Exploration of the characters’ motivations informs and shapes the novel’s themes, especially Diaspora and Belonging and The Weight of the American Dream on the Children of Immigrants. Will is passionate about art and wants to surround himself with things of beauty, even going so far as to steal a jade tiger during the opening robbery. His sister Irene sees him as someone who wants everything and can never let go of his dreams, who never had to: Will is attractive and charming, but his relationships are fleeting because he’s always searching for more. As for Irene, her motivation is somewhat ambiguous. She agrees to the heist only because Will wants to participate, despite having plenty to lose. However, several factors complicate this logic, including Lily’s assessment that, “This is Irene’s world […] The rest of us are just living in it” (18). This contradiction emphasizes the subjective nature of how friends perceive each other. Irene’s sexuality is relevant to the plot but approached with subtlety: An ex-girlfriend is mentioned, and her response to Daniel’s feelings for her suggest she isn’t interested in men.

Alex dreams big but is held back by the needs of her family. She had to drop out of MIT and take a job with Google because her parents’ rent doubled. The weight of their needs makes her long to escape her current career. The idea of change becomes prominent in Alex’s chapters: She’s waited her whole life for it, and she realizes the heist is a way to make it happen. Lily’s street racing characterizes her as someone who craves excitement to make her feel alive, to make her small world bigger; she never left Texas before college. Since her parents never told her about their lives in China, she feels disconnected from her cultural heritage. Thus, identity becomes prominent in Lily’s chapters. On the other hand, Daniel only feels connected to China, despite having left when he was 10 years old. In the wake of his mother’s death and fractured relationship with his father, he seeks healing. However, loyalty is one of his defining characteristics, and he risks his future as a surgeon and relationship with his father to help Will and Irene.

The main characters’ relationships with each other are key to the story. These relationships fuel minor conflicts and undergo transformations over the course of the novel. Hints of sibling rivalry between Will and Irene, antagonism between Alex and Irene, and resentment between Daniel and his father establish later conflicts. As a group, the five characters demonstrate a spectrum of attitudes toward China. They voice varying degrees of belonging, reinforcing the novel’s exploration of Chinese diaspora. The heist plot revolves around similar ideas of ownership and repatriation. Through characters invested in their own cultural identity, Li frames art and cultural artifacts as sources of power, a sort of currency which many museums obtain by unethical means. By refusing to return artifacts gained through colonial oppression and violence, museums reinforce such acts and continue the cycle of injustice. Some counterarguments are presented in the novel, but the characters’ perspectives lean toward this view.

During the planning phase of the heist, Will frames his crew as classic heist archetypes. Li’s choice to do so can be attributed to her real-life love of heist movies, explaining the novel’s narrative voice and pop culture references as a nod to the Ocean’s and Fast and Furious franchises.

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