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57 pages 1 hour read

Jennifer Richard Jacobson

Paper Things

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2015

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Chapters 17-23Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 17 Summary: “Reports”

Ari plans to finally tell Sasha the truth about her situation, but she finds an angry note from Sasha at her locker lecturing her about never calling her back. Ari wonders what Janna has been saying to Sasha when she calls. In class, Sasha ignores Ari, but Ari still wants to talk to Sasha. Just as she approaches, Daniel interrupts and tells Ari he can help her. Ari feels irritated by the bad timing but grateful that Daniel is willing to help. At lunch, Ari thinks back to the morning when she told Gage about no longer having lunch money and Gage’s angry reaction. Daniel interrupts Ari again while she works on her report, offering Ari the idea of creating her own leadership position instead of trying to apply for one. Ari considers the possibility of creating a club to bring back old school traditions like Crazy Hat Day and making snowflakes but worries about causing controversy by going against the principal. Daniel insists that it’s better than going unnoticed.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Bus Passes”

Ari feels uplifted and determined to get into her chosen middle school, so she picks up an application from the school office after school. She runs into her computer lab teacher there, who invites Ari to tell her more about her experience at Head Start sometime. Ari leaves for Head Start and joins the craft table for another catalog-cutting session. She thinks about ways to get the students interested in her campaign as she cuts out a snowflake from a piece of paper. It then occurs to Ari that she and Daniel could set up the snowflakes around the school, drawing attention and interest from other students who might then join in for other campaigns. Ari tells the staff at the preschool her idea, and they encourage her to go forward with it. When one of the staff, a woman named Fran, says she can’t afford a new bike she needs, Ari offers to take a bike catalog ad to Reggie and see if he can make another paper plane. She hopes that wishing on it will work the same way it did for her.

Chapter 19 Summary: “Receipts”

The preschool center is closing for the day, and Gage still hasn’t come to pick up Ari. After convincing the staff that she is fine to leave on her own, Ari makes her way to Chloe’s in the hope of finding Gage. She worries that something happened to him at his job and is also angry with him for leaving her at Head Start. Knowing that Gage has no phone right now, she can’t call him to find out where he is. Ari gets on the bus and makes her way to Chloe’s apartment, but nobody is there. She heads to Briggs’s next. When she gets to the bus stop, she finds Gage asleep on a bench. Ari wakes him up, and Gage is frantic, telling Ari they have 10 minutes to make it to an appointment for an apartment. Ari is thrilled by the news and almost forgets about all the stress of the moments before.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Vouchers”

When Ari and Gage get to the apartment viewing, Ari realizes it’s the same complex that she admired when she was little. Unfortunately, the building is darker and less welcoming than Ari expected, and the apartment is in the basement. Despite these flaws, the place seems practical and affordable, and Ari starts to imagine how she would set up her bedroom. When Gage hears from the landlord that he needs a voucher to prove his low income and that it could take weeks, he feels like giving up. He and Ari leave, and Ari realizes they are back where they started. She suddenly understands the expression “two steps forward, one step back” and wonders if she and Gage will ever get out of their situation (186). Gage decides to dip into their savings to buy a phone, adding to their financial stress. He apologizes to Ari for leaving her at Head Start, and Ari wishes she were a little girl again, when life was simpler and easier.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Checks”

After skipping supper, Gage and Ari head to the Lighthouse shelter. They hope that West can sneak them in, as Ari is too young to be there. They arrive, and West doesn’t answer his phone, but they luckily run into Reggie walking by. Reggie notices how cold Ari is and offers his storage unit to her and Gage for the night, insisting that it would help him if they could watch his dog while he visits the men’s shelter. Gage resists at first, but Ari is desperate for a warm place to sleep, and he finally agrees. Reggie’s shelter turns out to be arranged like a very small apartment, with boxes surrounding a small cot, a fridge, and a tiny camping stove. Reggie gives Ari and Gage some blankets and cooks them a simple meal of Tuna Helper while expressing his gratitude for having made new friends. Ari asks Reggie to make a paper airplane for Fran, and Reggie is surprised to find out that someone is willing to pay for such a thing. When Gage asks why he lost his home, Reggie explains that he was in the army and a resulting disability led to the loss of most of the things he treasured in his life. Ari reveals that her and Gage’s father was in the army as well and was killed in Afghanistan.

Chapter 22 Summary: “Snowflakes”

Ari drifts off to sleep on a mattress on the floor of Reggie’s storage unit. Reggie has gone to the shelter, and Ari enjoys sleeping next to Reggie’s dog. Ari feels like dogs are trustworthy and understanding, as well as great at keeping secrets. Gage offers to let her borrow his only clean shirt for school tomorrow, and Ari is relieved that she won’t have to wear something dirty. The next morning, Daniel calls Gage’s phone at six o’clock to tell Ari that it’s snowing outside and time to put up the snowflakes at school. Ari and Daniel have prepared dozens of snowflakes. Ari convinces Gage to let her head to school on her own and meets Daniel there, where they persuade the janitor to let them inside early. Ari and Daniel hang snowflakes throughout the hallways and Mr. O’s classroom and then wait for the students and teachers to arrive. With each snowflake she hangs, Ari feels more excited about their reactions. When Sasha gets to school along with another friend, she doesn’t know what to say to Ari about her large shirt or about the snowflakes.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Towels”

Ari listens to the reactions of the students and is disappointed to hear that many of them are more annoyed than impressed. She and Daniel are called to the principal’s office—a first-time experience for Ari but a regular occurrence for Daniel. The principal lectures Daniel and Ari about the amount of work they have caused the custodial staff and demands that they take all the snowflakes down and then mop up the glitter that litters the hallways. Daniel looks at Ari, urging her to speak up about her desire to bring back traditions that keep a family atmosphere at the school, but all Ari can do is apologize for the glitter. All the while, Ari feels sick after not eating breakfast and from all the stress. Moments later, she throws up all over the hallway, including on the principal’s leg, and hears him tell the secretary to call Janna.

Chapters 17-23 Analysis

This middle section of the novel further heightens the emotional tension of Ari’s narrative. As Ari comes to recognize the true nature of her situation, she comes to see The Power of Hope in unexpected sources and to feel The Necessity of Community with those around her. Daniel makes a big difference in Ari’s life simply by noticing her and not questioning or judging what she might be going through. He helps bring the spirit and joy back into Ari’s life when those things become hard for her to find. The traditions of the school are particularly important to Ari because they represent a connection to her mother and to the wider community. It is a means of belonging when Ari feels outside of things. Ari believes strongly in tradition, and this is also shown in her deep desire to get into Carter Middle School and the amount of stress she endures when she thinks she might not: “I’m pretty sure they’re not looking for a kid who’s homeless (Which I’m not, of course, I’m just a temporary…what does Briggs call me? Floor surfer.)” (163). Ari and Daniel set up snowflakes around the school in a daring act of rebellion and protest, and although it gets them in trouble, it will become the catalyst for important upcoming changes like Ari’s reconnecting with Janna and the students’ collective decision to host Crazy Hat Day. At this point, however, Ari is at a crisis point, when her efforts to seek identity and belonging seem to have gotten her into trouble.

Ari and Gage also find support in Reggie, who lends them his storage unit for the night. Reggie seems to be just as grateful as they are, both for new friends and for a chance to visit the men’s shelter. Reggie is an example of how people with disabilities are at risk of losing their home, as well as the prejudice and lack of respect that these people endure. His generosity and kindness, despite having very little himself, are key to the novel’s representation of the necessity of community and its de-stigmatizing message. Because Reggie is older and has been without a home for longer, he is able to help Ari and Gage. Although the siblings don’t consider themselves to be “properly” unhoused like Reggie, this episode shows how vulnerable they are and how much they are in need of help from others. As Chloe and Briggs become less willing to open their doors to Ari and Gage, longer-term homelessness looms. Reggie’s generosity juxtaposes the unwillingness of those who have more to share more.

This section shows the crisis that Ari and Gage are in deepening and a withdrawal of positivity in relation to the power of hope. The longer that Ari and Gage are without a home, the more that Gage starts to unintentionally neglect Ari, the more desperate they become, and the more that Ari wishes for something different. Because of her bravery and maturity, the reader may almost forget that she is still only 11 years old, and Ari seems to forget this, too. When she does think back to simpler days of her childhood, it brings up feelings of sadness and frustration. After months of little sleep, little food, and all sorts of stress, Ari nears the point of total exhaustion: “Now I’m the tired one. Tired of uncertainty. Tired of the unfamiliar. Tired of trying to figure things out. For a few moments I want to be five years old again” (185). When Ari can’t find Gage, she panics and searches everywhere, taking on much more than she should have to. When she is sick and throws up on the principal, this crisis is both a literal result of her unmanageable stress and a symbol of her inner turmoil.

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