68 pages • 2 hours read
Samuel RichardsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
While Mr. B is still with his friend, Pamela is startled when Lady Davers arrives unexpectedly. When Lady Davers asks Mrs. Jewkes if Pamela is married, Mrs. Jewkes lies and says no. Lady Davers demands to see Pamela, and Pamela resigns herself to the meeting. As Lady Davers is rude to her, Pamela wonders, “ought I not rather to be entitled to your pity, than your anger?” (405). Lady Davers explains that she did indeed feel pity for Pamela when she believed that Pamela was being persecuted while attempting to maintain her chastity, but she believes that Pamela is now Mr. B’s mistress, so Lady Davers feels only disdain. Lady Davers adds that Mr. B has seduced and ruined other young women before.
Lady Davers tests Pamela: She asks her to live in her household or offers to let her leave immediately for her parents’ home. Pamela declines and tries to deflect, and finally pleads that she is late for the dinner at the house of Mr. B’s friend Sir Simon, leading Lady Davers to conclude, “I see thou art quite spoiled: of a modest, innocent girl, that thou wert, and humble too, thou now art fit for nothing in the world, but what, I fear, thou art” (408).
Lady Davers sees that Pamela is wearing a wedding ring, but thinks that this is just pretention. During dinner, she insults Pamela and demands that Pamela confirm if she is married. When Pamela refuses to answer, she strikes her. Pamela nearly faints in terror, and Lady Davers softens. Pamela tells Lady Davers that she is married, and thus worthy of respect, but Lady Davers flies into a rage. She pursues Pamela, threatening physical violence and demanding that Pamela admit to being a fallen woman. In desperation, Pamela leaps out of an open window, and escapes; two of Lady Davers’s servants try to pursue her, but Mr. Colbrand threatens them. Pamela runs to the carriage Robin has prepared (alerted by Mrs. Jewkes), and they drive away.
When Pamela arrives at Sir Simon’s house, Mr. B has been there for some time. Pamela apologizes and explains what happened; he is sympathetic, because he knows how stubborn and vengeful his sister can be. The other aristocrats also sympathize with Pamela. When Pamela and Mr. B return home, Mrs. Jewkes reports that Lady Davers has gone to bed, but only after tormenting Mrs. Jewkes by asking her whether Pamela and Mr. B are really married, and whether they sleep in the same bed. Pamela thanks Mrs. Jewkes for helping her.
Pamela and Mr. B wake to Lady Davers banging on their bedroom door—she wants proof that Pamela and her brother are sleeping together. Mr. B puts on a dressing gown and lets his sister in; she is enraged when she sees Pamela, threatening to “tear the creature out of bed before your face and […] expose you both as you deserve” (435). Mr. B physically drags his sister out of the room.
Pamela is too frightened to come down all day. Mr. B tries to coax her to be braver, but Lady Davers interrupts them, complaining that everyone is avoiding her. Mr. B argues that he has the right to marry whomever he wants, but Lady Davers alludes to an Italian duel. At the mention of this subject, Mr. B becomes very agitated and tells her to get out. Pamela tries to intercede on Lady Davers’s behalf, but this enrages the aristocratic woman even more. As Mr. B openly talks about being married to Pamela, Lady Davers becomes increasingly agitated. Mr. B persuades her to stay for dinner, but insists that Pamela will also dine with them. Over dinner, the group becomes friendlier, and Mr. B even invites his sister to accompany him and Pamela to Bedfordshire. Lady Davers makes a snide comment that Pamela has a powerful hold on Mr. B, and mentions a woman named Sally Godfrey.
Mr. B explains the “Italian duel.” After a friend of his was assassinated, Mr. B learned the identity of the Italian nobleman who had hired the assassins and challenged the Italian nobleman to a duel. Although he only injured the other man slightly, the Italian died of a fever shortly thereafter. Mr. B also explains that when he was a student, he had an affair with Sally Godfrey, whose mother ambitiously arranged the relationship in hopes they would marry. Mr. B planned to tell Pamela all of these things himself.
Lady Davers regrets her impulsive actions, and begins to weep and ask for forgiveness. Mr. B storms off, complaining that Pamela was too meek with his sister. Pamela is horrified to learn that Mr. B is displeased with her, and begs for his forgiveness. Mr. B calms down, and forgives both women. Mr. B and his sister, now reconciled, go for a drive together, and end up visiting friends. Pamela peacefully passes her time with Mrs. Jewkes and Lady Davers’s maid. When Mr. B and Lady Davers return, Lady Davers explains that all of their friends spoke highly of Pamela, and this has softened her perspective on the marriage. Mr. B tells Pamela that, as a member of the upper class, he is very used to getting his own way. For their marriage to work, Pamela will need to learn to accommodate his temper and soothe him. Pamela listens earnestly, and writes down the lessons she takes away from this discussion, along with her own reflections. Nonetheless, she finds herself wondering about Sally Godfrey, and wanting to know more.
The next morning, Lady Davers asks Pamela more about her experiences. Lady Davers concludes that Pamela is so clearly sweet and virtuous that, “I believe I shall be forced to love thee” (475). Lady Davers is also eager to read Pamela’s writing, believing that it will further endear her new sister-in-law to her.
Pamela enjoys a pleasant dinner with Mr. B, Lady Davers, and their various friends. Everyone is on good terms; Pamela gives gifts to various servants, and reiterates her forgiveness to Mrs. Jewkes.
Pamela is now back in Bedfordshire. Pamela is awe-struck to realize that she began as “a poor cast-off servant girl; and now returning a joyful wife, and the mistress of the noble house I was turned out of” (477). Pamela reunites joyfully with Mrs. Jervis, and also greets the other servants warmly, especially Mr. Longman and Mr. Jonathan. She and Mr. B give generous gifts to their various employees, while Mr. B arranges for Pamela’s father to move into the estate in Kent. Mr. B also gives Pamela all of his late mother’s possessions and jewels.
Pamela and Mr. B spend a quiet day at home.
Pamela and Mr. B. select fabric for the elegant gowns she will have made for their first official public appearance on Sunday. Pamela encourages her parents to also have new clothes made, and to come to visit her whenever they wish. She promises them money to pay off any debts and bills, and also sends along her most recent writings. Pamela “will continue writing till I am settled […] and then I shall apply myself to the duties of the family” (490).
The previous day, Mr. B spontaneously brought home several of his male friends for dinner. They were very curious and intrigued by the unusual marriage, but praised Pamela’s beauty and sweet disposition. They were surprised at how happy Mr. B seems, joking, “did you ever think our good friend here, who used to ridicule matrimony so much, would have made so complaisant a husband?” (493).
Pamela is happy that her father has agreed to manage the estate in Kent. She mentions in passing that Mr. B is going to take her on an outing to a nearby farmhouse and dairy.
Pamela and Mr. B go to the farmhouse, and the owner mentions that young girls from a nearby boarding school often come to visit. A group of girls soon arrives, and Mr. B is very affectionate with one named Miss Goodwin. Pamela deduces that she must be the illegitimate daughter of Mr. B and Sally Godfrey. Pamela is very kind and affectionate with the child, but feels concerned about the mother: “if she be living, that she must call her chiefest delight her greatest shame” (497). Pamela asks if Miss Goodwin can come and live with them.
Mr. B tells Pamela more details: Sally Godfrey came from a good family, but her mother was a widow with several daughters, and hoped that she could lure Mr. B into marrying Sally. While Mr. B was a student, he was allowed to spend a lot of time with Sally, but he never had any intention to marry her. Nevertheless, he and Sally began a sexual relationship, which continued until Sally got pregnant. At that point, Mr. B confided in his sister, who arranged for Sally to discreetly give birth. Afterwards, the baby was fostered, and then sent to boarding school.
Miss Goodwin thinks that she is a distant relation of Lady Davers and Mr. B., and spends a lot of time with Lady Davers. She has a happy life. Mr. B also explains that Sally Godfrey nearly died in childbirth, and repented her sinful past as a fallen woman. Suspecting (correctly) that Mr. B would want to resume their relationship, she fled to Jamaica, asking him to provide for their child. She ended up marrying and is now happy. Mr. B admits that he tried to pursue Sally and lure her to stay in England as his mistress, but Sally’s steadfastness eventually wore him down, and he went home. After this, Mr. B. lived as a rake for some time; when he first saw of Pamela’s beauty, he planned to make her “Sally Godfrey the second” (505).
The previous day, Pamela and Mr. B went to church together, making their public debut as a married couple. Pamela wore a lavish gown and beautiful jewels; all of the aristocrats and gentry attending the service marveled at her beauty, and complimented Mr. B on his happy marriage. Some of the ladies were initially judgmental about Pamela’s social class, but now changed their minds. In addition to winning the hearts of the upper-classes, Pamela gave very generously to the poor, which has made her very popular in the neighborhood.
Pamela and Mr. B walk in the garden; he tells her that he has been arranging a will and other legal documents so as to ensure that if he were to die without a male heir, Pamela would be amply provided for. Pamela is touched, but also distressed by the idea of Mr. B dying. He makes one request: if he dies, she may marry anyone she wants, except for Mr. Williams. Pamela readily consents, and Mr. B. says how happy he is.
Pamela recounts a pleasant visit, in which many aristocrats came to the house. Pamela looks forward eagerly to her parents visiting. Lady Davers has also written a kind note, planning to visit as well. Pamela is going to see Miss Goodwin soon and plans to play an active role in her education and development. Pamela looks forward optimistically to her future, and the good she hopes to do in the world.
The novel’s final chapters comically restage some of the earlier themes of threat, assault, and escape. Lady Davers steps into the role of antagonist to stage a vicious conflict with Pamela over her right to be Mr. B’s wife and ascend into the upper class. Lady Davers’s persecution of Pamela is striking because she has previously been sympathetic to Pamela’s plight as a persecuted virgin. Because of her mistaken belief that Pamela gave up her chastity, Lady Davers provides insight into how Mr. B might have recoiled from Pamela if she had permitted him to consummate their relationship prior to marriage.
Lady Davers parodies the behavior of both Mrs. Jewkes (another persecuting female antagonist) and of her own brother as she chases Pamela around, calling her names and threatening to physically assault her. Pamela repeats her earlier fantasies of escape in that she has to jump out of a window to get away from Lady Davers; her success suggests either that Pamela has become more confident, or that she was not full-hearted in her previous desperation to escape from Mr. B. Pamela’s ability to successfully escape from Lady Davers also reveals how the increase in her social station has increased her agency: She can now command all of the household servants.
Lady Davers’s behavior provides context for Mr. B’s claims that the wealthy are spoiled and entitled from birth, and then grow up to be selfish and ill-behaved. He explains to Pamela that this bad behavior is “the natural consequence of their culpable indulgence, from infancy upwards” (463). These comments reveal Mr. B’s self-awareness, and even anticipate psychological theories of development and child-rearing. Given that he is eagerly anticipating having children, Mr. B’s reflections on being a spoiled child suggest that he wants to do better as a father. Lady Davers’s wrathful hysteria is also a comic contrast with Pamela’s sweet-natured disposition. While it would seem that Mr. B is the one who might be “lowering” himself by marrying Pamela, it is Pamela who ends up with haranguing in-laws who behave far more crudely than any of the servants ever do.
Mr. B’s history with Sally Godfrey reveals that he has toxic dynamics with women before he became involved with Pamela, and shows that he has been transformed by true love. This transformation reflects the culmination of the theme of Change of Male Behavior Due to True Love. Mr. B’s description of how he violently pursued Sally as she boarded a ship parallels his forceful pursuit of Pamela, revealing his history of failing to secure consent. Like Pamela during his rape attempts, Sally “had like to have fainted away” (503), strengthening the parallel. Sally Godfrey’s fate as a fallen woman shows what might have happened had Pamela given in to Mr. B. Sally has to give up everything she knows, as well as her child. Yet, unlike many fallen women figures in subsequent literature, Sally survives her transgression to build a happy and productive life, including a financially stable marriage.
Pamela pointedly does not pass any judgment on Sally: “I honor her resolution, and must rank such a true penitent in the class of those who are most virtuous” (501). Pamela’s comment hints that people who change their behavior are just as laudable as people who, like Pamela, behave faultlessly at all times. This reflects her desire to redeem her husband, a man with a sinful past who has now recovered and embarked on domestic happiness. As she listens to the horrifying story of what Mr. B did to Sally, Pamela interjects with tolerant and teasing chastisements of “naughty, naughty man!” (502), showing that she does not change her view of Mr. B upon learning this history. Or perhaps Pamela’s generosity towards Sally reflects the fact that while Pamela guarded her virtue zealously and ended up happy and privileged, another woman who lost her virtue still ended up basically fine. As Pamela points out, Sally’s “present happiness is the result of [God’s] gracious Providence, blessing her penitence” (501). Given that Richardson subtitled his novel “Virtue Rewarded,” the narrative of Sally Godfrey raises provocative questions about what constitutes virtue, and what constitutes reward.
By Samuel Richardson
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