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54 pages 1 hour read

Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins

Of One Blood: Or, the Hidden Self

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1902

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Chapters 1-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

On a stormy afternoon in Boston, medical student Reuel Briggs sits alone, contemplating the loneliness of his life, and entertaining “morbid thoughts” that lead him to question what the hard work of survival will avail him in the end. To distract himself, he reads a newly-published book on psychology whose ideas verge into the mystical and supernatural. Reuel, who has a strong interest in spiritualist phenomena, dreams of carrying out the experiments necessary to affirm the book’s conclusions.

The third-person narrator pauses to describe Reuel’s physical appearance. His appearance is striking, even fascinating, and, while he passes as white, his skin is “of a tint suggesting olive” (3), leading his classmates to speculate that he may be Italian or Japanese. He appears to have no relatives and few friends, but he is known as an excellent scientist. He supports himself by tutoring undergraduates and writing scientific articles.

Gazing into the storm outside, Reuel suddenly has a vision of a hauntingly beautiful, earnest, and wistful woman’s face. His attempt to process what he has just witnessed is interrupted by the arrival of Aubrey Livingston, who Reuel considers his only friend. Aubrey is a white man from the South, who helped Reuel early in his college career. Reuel shares his musings on the human soul and “the hidden self” (6). Aubrey is more skeptical, but promises to help Reuel financially if he is able to design the proper experiments.

In the meantime, however, Aubrey suggests they attend a concert given by a group of Black singers. As they leave Reuel’s lodgings, Aubrey remarks offhandedly that Reuel has never offered his opinion about the “Negro problem.” Reuel once again demurs, classing himself among a loosely-defined category of “unfortunates,” and Aubrey does not press the question.

Chapter 2 Summary

The singers from Fisk University represent, in the narrator’s view, the post-Emancipation enthusiasm of wealthy white people for Black music, especially “matchless untrained voices” (9). Reuel and Aubrey join their friends in the crowded concert hall, though Reuel is still distressed by his vision. One of their party, the “[g]ood natured” Charlie Vance, comments on the beauty of the group’s soprano, Dianthe Lusk.

Reuel relaxes as the performance begins; like many in the audience, he is deeply moved by these songs about bondage and freedom. He is “dazed” at the appearance of the fair-skinned Dianthe, who seems to evade any preconceptions of what a Black woman looks like. Hearing her voice is a painful pleasure: “[a]ll the horror, the degradation from which a race had been delivered were in the pleading strains of the singer’s voice” (12). As he leans in to see her more clearly, Reuel is stunned to realize that her face is the one he saw in his vision that afternoon.

Chapter 3 Summary

Reuel and Aubrey gather with friends at Charlie Vance’s suburban mansion on “Hallow-eve.” Molly, Charlie’s sister and Aubrey’s fiancée, tells a ghost story about a woman in white who haunts the neighboring estate on Hallow-eve when there is a new moon. Molly explains that the ghost is the niece of the house’s former owner, who was in the house the night her uncle murdered a guest for money. The men of the group agree to go out one by one to see if the ghost will appear after midnight. Aubrey and others are skeptical, but Reuel voices his belief that not every phenomenon can be explained rationally.

Aubrey is the first to visit the avenue after midnight, but sees nothing. Charlie, the second in line, claims he saw a figure among the trees. Reuel goes out last. As he strolls along the avenue, he thinks about his loneliness. He ponders Aubrey and Molly’s relationship and longs for companionship. However, he resolves that he must be fully in love with a woman to marry her.

Just as Reuel feels distressed again, he sees a female figure approaching him. She has large, dark eyes and a “sorrowful” expression. Reuel recognizes her as Dianthe Lusk—the soprano from the concert several weeks prior. He asks if she needs help, and she responds that he can help her the next day. She stops him from coming closer and says, “[t]he time is not yet” (19). Finally, she disappears among the trees.

Reuel returns to Charlie’s home but evades his friends’ questions, worried that they might consider him a “slave” of his passion for Dianthe. That night, he dreams of his meeting with her.

Chapter 4 Summary

The following morning, Reuel is called to the hospital to treat victims of a train crash. A nurse brings Reuel to the room of an unconscious woman who shows no signs of life but has no injuries. The other doctors, including Aubrey, are ready to pronounce her dead, but Reuel, recognizing the woman as Dianthe, argues that she is only in suspended animation. Privately, he feels that “destiny, not chance, had brought him to her” (22), and he registers the fact that no one else, including Aubrey, knows who she is.

Reuel argues that shock is the cause of Dianthe’s unconscious state. He sends Aubrey to bring him his medicine cabinet and, when he returns, Reuel reveals the results of his experiments. He states that “in some cases of seeming death – or even death in reality – consciousness may be restored or the dead brought back to life” (25). The doctors and nurses call his arguments “supernatural” and “charlatanism.” Reuel responds that life is “supernatural endowment.” Despite the contempt, he administers a powder to Dianthe, and a while later she begins to move. Everyone exclaims with wonder. Dianthe sees Reuel and tells him she was dreaming of him. Reuel holds her hands and tells her she will be better soon. Aubrey congratulates Reuel, but the latter warns that the depths of Dianthe’s trance necessitates a long recovery period. He suggests that they wait until her memory returns before searching for her relations.

Chapter 5 Summary

Reuel’s revival of Dianthe makes him famous. Scientific journals describe his accomplishment as part of a rising interest in “animal magnetism.” Reuel’s popularity among his classmates grows, but he remains focused on his patient. Aubrey admires Reuel’s “self-sacrifice” and his desire for “the wellbeing of all humanity” (32). He works closely with Reuel in Dianthe’s case and develops an independent interest in her. Aubrey secretly seeks information about Dianthe, learning that she left the troupe of singers to join a “magnetic physician.” He hires a detective to trace Dianthe’s whereabouts after she left the other singers, but finds only a woman near Chicago who housed Dianthe for three weeks, after which she disappeared. Aubrey keeps the results of his investigations a secret from Reuel.

In the hospital, Dianthe slowly recovers. She still falls into trances, though not in front of Aubrey. However, Aubrey does manage to witness one of these trances and thus sees Dianthe ask Reuel for deliverance from suffering. Aubrey realizes that he is falling for her.

At Christmas, Reuel joins Aubrey for dinner before going to the Vance house. Aubrey asks Reuel about his connection with the patient. Reuel reveals the secret of his vision of Dianthe, apologizing for not having entrusted it to his friend earlier. He states that he is a person who experiences “hallucinations” and confesses that he is in love with Dianthe. Aubrey tells him he should consider the impact that marriage to a Black woman would have in his future. Reuel declares that he will marry her before she “awakens to consciousness of her identity” (36); since coming out of her coma, Dianthe has been unaware of her racial identity. Finally, Aubrey holds Reuel’s hands and whispers that he knows his secret.

Chapters 1-5 Analysis

The story unfolds in a third-person narrative. The first section introduces the protagonist, Reuel, and key characters like Dianthe and Aubrey. Hopkins establishes the protagonist’s inner tumult and isolation, suggesting an identity crisis. Reuel is an excellent medical student but struggles financially. He is a man who talks little and “knew how to suffer in silence” (1). Despite his mental distress, Reuel has a “strong personality” and physical gifts (3). He struggles to find “a place in the world” and his solitude and financial struggle exacerbate his inner turmoil (1). People around him speculate on his origins as Reuel hides his biracial, part-Black identity. Reuel’s interest in mysticism and his exploration of spiritual powers establish the motifs of mysticism and spirituality. Mysticism is Reuel’s means to connect with his inner self, his hidden and unspoken thoughts. Aubrey Livingston, Reuel’s only friend and a white Southern man, seemingly supports Reuel, but their relationship has a patronizing nature. Aubrey helped Reuel financially through college, and Reuel developed a “dog-like” loyalty to him. The text delineates the contrast between the two characters, as Reuel is more spiritual and Aubrey materialistic. Reuel believes his identity is a well-kept secret, but Aubrey’s questions about Reuel’s views of the “Negro problem” suggest his awareness of his friend’s race (7). Reuel does not participate in the racial debate because it is traumatic for him. Despite his seeming indifference, he feels part of the suffering people.

The theme of Black Women’s Quest for Liberation emerges as Reuel first sees Dianthe’s face in a vision. Dianthe appears as a spirit that expresses a “wistful entreaty.” Her face haunts him until he sees her in person as a singer. Dianthe has light skin and appears nearly white, a trait that connects her to Reuel. She is a gifted soprano whose captivating voice conveys the sorrow and suffering of her race and their quest for freedom. Reuel reencounters Dianthe as a spirit when he sees her figure in the woods outside the Vance house. The motif of mysticism and spirituality, manifesting in the form of ghosts and visions, connects to the text’s thematic exploration of Black women’s freedom. Dianthe’s spirit pleads with Reuel for help and deliverance. Reuel sees in her eyes an expression “[s]orrowful, wistful – almost imploring” but does not know how to help her (19). When Dianthe comes as an injured, almost dead, patient in the hospital, death seems her only way of liberation. However, Reuel revives her body and spirit with magnetism, one of his experimental medical techniques. As Reuel explains that “mesmeric influences” are the cause of Dianthe’s condition, her troubled body and spirit also connect with the theme of Addressing the Traumatic Historical Past. Both Dianthe and Reuel carry the weight of a traumatizing legacy that links to the history of enslavement and generates their distress and suffering.

Mindful of her pleas for help, Reuel tries to heal Dianthe, but her memory and identity are still inaccessible to her. Her pleas to Reuel reveal her quest for empowerment and make the theme of Black Women’s Quest for Liberation evident again: “I know much but as yet have not the power to express it” (33). Aubrey’s plot to discover Dianthe’s origins and her past in secret foreshadows his ominous role in the story. His growing obsession with Dianthe, despite his engagement to Molly Vance, reveals his will to exert power and control over others. His fallible character becomes a source of trouble in the story, and the narrative foreshadows the problematic relations between the main characters conditioned by a troubling and traumatic past.

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