54 pages • 1 hour read
Jayne Anne PhillipsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The Sharpshooter uses herbs to lotion his hands and remembers Dearbhla, his adoptive mother. Dearbhla taught him how to use herbs medicinally. The Sharpshooter laments that he could not bring Dearbhla or Eliza, his wife, farther North before the war. They settled in abandoned cabins in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia. Eliza got pregnant as the war began, and the Sharpshooter does not know the child’s sex. The Sharpshooter is in the Army of the Potomac, under General Grant, and he complains that Grant does not know how to position sharpshooters. Sharpshooters stay out of battle, picking off officers across enemy lines. The Sharpshooter plans to reenlist, using the war to justify his new name, freedom, and relationship with Eliza.
The army pushes forward, and the Sharpshooter resents how the wilderness has no clear lines of sight. His horse, named Liza after Eliza, knows tricks to keep him alive in battle. The Union army fights at Saunders Field, with the Confederate army firing at them across the field. The Sharpshooter rushes forward, disturbed by his fellow soldiers blown apart by artillery. The Union army makes it across the field into the forest, but wooden structures and trees are lit on fire from the gunpowder in the air.
The Sharpshooter tries to save an injured man, but a Confederate soldier kills the man. The Sharpshooter kills the Confederate soldier, but a rock, flung by artillery, strikes the Sharpshooter in the head. Knocked unconscious, two other Union sharpshooters carry him away.
Dearbhla makes the journey to Alexandria, Virginia, sensing that the Sharpshooter is wounded and needs her help. Dearbhla tried to stop the Sharpshooter from joining the Army, but he said he needed to fight to earn his freedom. Dearbhla sensed the Sharpshooter’s safety until May. Using a ritual with vines and fire, Dearbhla determined that the Sharpshooter was still alive but wounded. Eliza worried that the Sharpshooter had died, and Dearbhla helped make provisions to keep her, Eliza, and ConaLee safe. Eliza reads aloud to ConaLee. The Sharpshooter taught them carpentry, and Dearbhla and Eliza know how to preserve animal skins, meat, and plants.
Dearbhla grew up on a plantation as an Irish indentured servant, and her father and brothers left her. Dearbhla and her mother were close with the Black enslaved people on the plantation, especially Leena, who helped Dearbhla through her mother’s death. Dearbhla worked as a midwife for the plantation. Leena brought a boy to Dearbhla, the son of the former plantation owner and an enslaved woman. Dearbhla raised the boy with “wood sense,” gathering berries and helping the plantation owner’s family. Dearbhla helped deliver the plantation owner’s children, including Eliza. The boy became indentured to the plantation family at 12 years old, and he helped with the other children’s studies and chores. The plantation is now enemy territory, and the boy is the Sharpshooter.
Dearbhla told the Sharpshooter that he was her son and plans to claim the same in Alexandria. Dearbhla is forced to stop due to a storm, and she remembers the Sharpshooter bringing her and Eliza into West Virginia. He found them two cabins, giving Dearbhla space to make potions and tonics on her own. Dearbhla remembers how tall and stoic the Sharpshooter was, though he lacked her belief in spirits and magic. Dearbhla assured Eliza that the Sharpshooter was alive, and she thinks fondly of ConaLee.
With Dearbhla gone, Eliza sits outside with her rifle, watching the ridge. She thinks about how she and the Sharpshooter were like siblings, but they grew into lovers. ConaLee comes outside, and they make dolls out of leaves and corn. ConaLee plays with a mirror, and Eliza sees men coming up the ridge. Eliza rushes to get ConaLee into a hatch, dropping her rifle. When she goes back, two men are outside. One man has Eliza’s rifle, and the other chases Eliza.
Eliza runs to the chicken coop to grab a hidden knife. The man, Bart, catches Eliza and knocks her down. The other man, Reb, stands with the rifle pointed at Eliza, and Bart tries to get Eliza’s underwear off. Eliza stabs Bart in the heart with her hidden knife. Reb cracks Bart’s skull with the butt of the rifle and says that he does not like rapists. Bart was a Union soldier, and Reb, short for “Rebel,” was a Confederate soldier whom Bart captured. They robbed a bank, and Reb tells Eliza to split the money, putting some with Bart’s corpse and the rest in the lining of a jacket.
Reb tells Eliza to call him Papa, and he ties Eliza with rope. Eliza holds a nail in her hand to kill Papa. Papa digs a ditch and rolls Bart’s body into it, taunting Eliza while he works. Papa puts the bag of money and the rifle in the ditch with Bart. Papa sexually assaults Eliza, urging her to think of her husband. Papa says that he is not a rapist, but he likes making people do things. He says that he remembers everywhere he hid treasure and that he will be back to Eliza’s home one day.
Papa leaves, and Eliza retrieves ConaLee. Eliza blindfolds ConaLee and holds her over the grave to get the rifle. Papa left Bart’s horse, and Eliza tells ConaLee that it is a gift. From that day on, Eliza always carries the knife on her, and she cannot masturbate because she feels ashamed.
Dearbhla remembers leaving the plantation with the Sharpshooter and Eliza. The master of the plantation had the Sharpshooter whipped and branded for looking at Eliza. Leena’s son asked to hide at Dearbhla’s shack, but the overseer found out and attacked them. The Sharpshooter and Eliza killed the overseer and his companion, but another man escaped. Leena’s son, Dearbhla, Eliza, and the Sharpshooter fled.
Dearbhla encounters a woman on the road and offers her a ride. The woman is afraid that Dearbhla might be a man and says that Dearbhla is one day’s journey away from Alexandria. Dearbhla drops the woman off and thinks about how ConaLee looks like her father.
In Alexandria, Dearbhla circles the hospital, waiting to sense the Sharpshooter’s spirit. A soldier stops her, and Dearbhla gives him the identification papers for the Sharpshooter. The soldier checks but does not find the Sharpshooter. Disease ravages the hospital, and Dearbhla cannot enter. After giving the soldier a picture of the Sharpshooter, which he does not recognize, Dearbhla continues riding. She sees a Black family burying a small, dead child, which gives Dearbhla a feeling of dread about Eliza and ConaLee.
Dr. O’Shea, a surgeon in Alexandria, examines the Sharpshooter’s wound. The Sharpshooter’s right temple is destroyed, and his right eye cannot be saved. Dr. O’Shea takes personal interest in the Sharpshooter, and he asks the nurse, Mrs. Gordon, to stay and talk with the patient. The Sharpshooter floats in darkness, unsure of where he is. He can hear the doctor and nurse talking.
In June, he regains consciousness, grabbing Mrs. Gordon’s hand. Dr. O’Shea keeps a frame on the Sharpshooter’s head to keep him from moving. The Sharpshooter does not remember anything about himself, his family, or his injury. When the Sharpshooter must pick a name, he chooses John O’Shea, after Mrs. Gordon’s son and Dr. O’Shea.
John is disturbed by his wound and fears that he is a monster. The brand and whip scars on his chest are frightening, and Dr. O’Shea assumes that Confederate soldiers mutilated John. John reads from Genesis in Mrs. Gordon’s Bible, but he struggles with math. As John recovers, he uses canes to maneuver, and he begins reading to other soldiers. He refuses to read the news or reports from the war.
As John’s health improves, he moves in with Dr. O’Shea and his wife, working at the hospital as an orderly. John wears a tin eye patch to protect his wound and hide his scar, and he has a special talent for calming soldiers in “fits.” In early October, he sees an old woman talking with a soldier in front of the hospital, but he does not think much of it.
Going back to the early- to mid-1860s, Phillips reveals details about Eliza, Dearbhla, and O’Shea’s origins, furthering the theme of The Importance of Family. Dearbhla is an Irish immigrant and an indentured servant, meaning that she is obligated to work on the plantation for a period. In the social hierarchy of pre-Civil War Southern states, this designation puts Dearbhla on a similar level to enslaved people, though with the added privileges of being white. Despite their differences in social class, Eliza and O’Shea are both effectively Dearbhla’s children, and they fall in love regardless of the social stigma surrounding O’Shea’s birth. In West Virginia, after escaping the plantation, “They’d shorn up hewn log walls, chinked the gapped wood with mud daub and dried hides, built up slanting hearth with flat stones” (68), working together as a family. Dearbhla, Eliza, and O’Shea formed a family unit, though Dearbhla notes how “the War had taken him” (68), showing how the war broke apart the family unit that kept them safe.
O’Shea’s lack of identity plays a pivotal role in developing his character across the novel’s timelines. O’Shea’s family history is limited, and Leena asks Dearbhla, “We got names, any of us? What he know? What you know?” (65), calling into question the fundamental formation of identity under oppression. O’Shea’s name is a mystery, much as his life and identity are. Joining the army, O’Shea takes a new name, but that name is not revealed in the novel thus far. Instead, O’Shea takes the name of the doctor who saves him, forming a new family unit with Dr. O’Shea and his wife. Until taking this new name, the novel only refers to O’Shea as “the Sharpshooter,” using his position in the army as a means of identification. Naturally, Dearbhla uses this same method at the hospital, not realizing that the Sharpshooter has already taken a new name. The fact that O’Shea is effectively nameless runs parallel to ConaLee’s mother, who is using the name “Miss Janet” even though her real name is Eliza.
Part of the conflict with O’Shea’s real name is rooted in the idea of freedom and The Societal Impacts of War. The brand and whip scars on O’Shea’s chest serve as a reminder of his birth, but they also mark him as the property of Eliza’s father. When O’Shea talks about wanting to be free, he means free from his status as a fugitive and from the oppression he faces because of his birth. Eliza’s father orders O’Shea’s punishment, thinking, “He would know his place” (97), linking the scars directly to O’Shea’s social and legal station. In the army, O’Shea thinks, “Elsewhere he was never one man but two, seen, unseen, his strength doubled, his awareness keen, covert, as though one self fought for the survival of the other” (47). These two selves are caught between violence and peace, as his birth forces him to defend himself. O’Shea wants to be the man who supports Eliza and Dearbhla, helping them forge a new life in West Virginia, but he is still, in part, the man who attacks overseers, flees to the mountains, and sharpshoots for the Union. After his injury, he is no longer split between these two identities, which is a form of freedom, but he fears that he is a “monster.” The implication of O’Shea’s life at this point in the novel is that such a removal of identity may be necessary for the freedom O’Shea seeks.
Papa’s identity grows clearer, as the origin of his interactions with Eliza highlight Trauma and Its Long-Term Effects. Eliza’s fear in West Virginia is that men from the war will find her and ConaLee, and Papa makes those fears a reality. Eliza faces the trauma of sexual assault, and it immediately leaves lasting marks on her psyche. She notes, “She kept the nail, scoured it of rust, sharpened the point to feel of it, to press it along the skin of her upper thighs and draw raised bloodied lines on her traitorous body” (95), referring to the nail she hoped to use against Papa. The nail is a symbol of the impact of Eliza’s trauma, highlighted by her use of the term “traitorous,” which implies that Eliza’s body betrayed her and that she betrayed O’Shea. As is common in many instances of sexual assault, Eliza survives but feels plagued by guilt and shame.
Even amidst her own trauma, Eliza protects ConaLee, blindfolding her and thinking, “She cannot see, she will not see” (92). Eliza is reassuring herself both that the blindfold will protect ConaLee in the moment and that Eliza can successfully protect ConaLee from future trauma. However, when Papa returns, he inflicts the same trauma on ConaLee that he inflicted upon her mother, revealing that he is still very much a threat to their lives and well-being.
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