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52 pages 1 hour read

Tsitsi Dangarembga

Nervous Conditions

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1988

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Chapters 8-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 8 Summary

Tambu experiences physical and mental symptoms of anxiety when she considers her parents’ upcoming wedding. She strives to suppress her anger toward Babamukuru, although she does not know why she is so against the wedding, having learned about Christian sin. Tambu’s extended family and the Sigaukes leave the homestead, and she is to spend the remainder of the holiday break with her parents. She is upset that she will be away from Nyasha. Lucia remains at the homestead, waiting for Ma’Shingayi—who feels her opinion does not matter—to decide whether to stay or leave. She returns to Takesure, referring to him as a “cockroach” that will be easy to scare away when the time comes. Tambu is worried that Lucia will go back to sleeping with Jeremiah, which will increase the level of sin in the family.

Tambu returns to Babamukuru’s. Nyasha continues arguing with Babamukuru, which she feels is a positive form of communication. Tambu grows more reserved under the tension, and Babamukuru tells Nyasha that she should be more like Tambu, whose behavior he interprets as appropriately feminine. Ma’Shingayi gives birth in the hospital, and family members pass through the Sigaukes’ home and are cared for by Maiguru then driven home by Babamukuru. Lucia remains to help Ma’Shingayi, and while at the Sigaukes’ she requests that Babamukuru help her find a job. Ma’Shingayi is released from the hospital, and Babamukuru offers to drive her and Lucia to the homestead but does not specify when. Five days later, he announces he will take Ma’Shingayi home and will take Lucia along to grab her belongings. Lucia is to return to his home because he has found her a job cooking at a local female hostel. Lucia and Ma’Shingayi kneel in front of Babamukuru, expressing exaggerated thanks and praise. Nyasha kicks Tambu and tells her not to join in, and Tambu thanks Babamukuru but does not bow on the floor. Nyasha does not believe Babamukuru deserves adulation, but Lucia knows Babamukuru likes being asked for such favors. She is also grateful because she is going to attend school.

Ma’Shingayi and Jeremiah’s wedding is scheduled, and they move forward planning the details. Tambu is disappointed that Nyasha takes an active role in the planning. Maiguru, who is to oversee the shopping, resents that Babamukuru cares more about this wedding than their own. Tambu, who is to be a bridesmaid, pretends to be excited, but she does not want the wedding to take place. The Friday before the wedding, Tambu does not come home until late at night, and the next morning she refuses to get out of bed. Babamukuru demands Tambu to get up. She sits up, but she announces that she will not go to the wedding. Babamukuru angrily threatens to kick her out, and Nyasha says Tambu should have said she was bothered earlier. Nyasha takes Tambu’s place as bridesmaid, and the wedding goes well. When Tambu sees the photographs, she somewhat regrets not going. The next day, Babamukuru punishes Tambu by lashing her 15 times and by sending Anna on leave and forcing Tambu to take over all of Anna’s housekeeping duties for two weeks. Lucia sees Nyasha helping Tambu with laundry, and Tambu explains her punishment. Lucia goes to the house to speak with Babamukuru and refuses to share her reason for coming with Maiguru. Lucia tells Babamukuru he should not have given Tambu such a harsh punishment. Later, he talks with Maiguru and compliments Lucia’s boldness. Maiguru suggests Lucia was right, but Babamukuru says he disagrees and that it is his right to punish Tambu. Angry, Maiguru asserts that she should have a say in the matter because her money is used to support Babamukuru’s family. She says she is tired of being taken advantage of, and Babamukuru challenges her to leave. Maiguru leaves, and she offers Nyasha a cold parting. Nyasha is happy for her mother, feeling that Maiguru is saving herself. However, when Chido calls and says Maiguru is well and with him, Nyasha shares the information with Babamukuru, who brings Maiguru back home.

Chapter 9 Summary

Nuns come to the missionary while Tambu’s class is studying for their exams. They are disappointed to discover that nuns are ordinary people. The nuns give the grade seven students a written test and then hold interviews with each student. Afterward, Tambu discovers the nuns are offering scholarships to the Young Ladies College of the Sacred Heart. Their intent is to provide scholarships to a multiracial school, and once the selected students finish school, they are offered a chance to join their convent, although becoming a nun is not a requirement for the scholarship. Tambu, who had the benefit of learning from Nyasha, performs well on the test and is offered a scholarship. Nyasha does not think Tambu should attend the school, arguing that Tambu will forget her roots. Tambu, however, feels Nyasha’s skepticism stems from her affluence and privilege, and Tambu wants to take every opportunity she gets because she does not have the same privilege. Babamukuru also does not want Tambu to attend the school, arguing it will be too expensive and that it will corrupt her and make it harder for her to settle into a decent marriage. Maiguru disagrees, and she argues that many people are prejudiced against educated women.

Tambu returns to the homestead for another Christmas vacation; Babamukuru drops her off but does not stay to discuss Tambu’s future. Maiguru refuses to return to the homestead for the holidays, so Babamukuru, sometimes accompanied by his family, drives to the homestead each day. On New Year’s Eve, Babamukuru talks with Jeremiah about accepting Tambu’s scholarship, and he agrees to let her attend the school. Tambu overhears and goes to the kitchen where Ma’Shingayi is nursing Dambudzo. She tells her mother that Babamukuru is letting her attend the school, but Ma’Shingayi reacts negatively to the news: “Tell me, Tambudzai, does that man want to kill me, to kill me with his kindness, fattening my children only to take them away, like cattle are fattened for slaughter” (187). She also criticizes the wedding. Afterward, Ma’Shingayi’s depression worsens, and Dambudzo develops diarrhea attributed to feeding from an unsanitary bottle. Lucia takes Ma’Shingayi and Dambudzo to the river, places Dambudzo on a rock in the water, and forces Ma’Shingayi to go to him so he does not fall into the water. Ma’Shingayi washes herself and her child while Lucia cleans their clothes. They return home, and Lucia cooks for Ma’Shingayi. She stays for two days before returning to her job in town, and Ma’Shingayi, after a week, feels better and starts working in her garden again.

Tambu must take the bus back to town, as Babamukuru says he is too busy to come for her. When she arrives, Tambu is disappointed to find that Nyasha is not at home. She leaves for her new school the next day and does not have much time left with her cousin. She goes to the mission school, where she finds a group of her friends playing netball. They are rude to her, but they tell her to write to them. Tambu finds Nyasha studying and sits quietly but anxiously. Nyasha stops and says she will miss Tambu then suggests they go home for dinner. They are late getting home, and Babamukuru is angry. Nyasha asks to skip dinner, but Babamukuru says no and demands that she clean her plate. Nyasha hurriedly complies and is excused, but when Tambu is excused, she hears Nyasha vomiting in the bathroom. Later, Tambu asks if Nyasha is sick, but Nyasha admits she made herself sick. She says that she tries to be good but can’t, and she blames herself for Babamukuru hating her. Nyasha says she will work harder to be better and apologizes to Tambu for being rude, repeating that she will miss Tambu.

Chapter 10 Summary

Tambu is taken to her new school by Babamukuru, Maiguru, and Nyasha, and they stop along the way so Maiguru can purchase Tambu a large supply of foods and a new tumbler. Nyasha and Tambu laugh together, but they are sad to be parting and ending their close friendship. As they arrive on the affluent school grounds, Nyasha makes a joke about it being at the right place, and Babamukuru mindlessly speeds over a bump in the road. Nyasha yelps, and he criticizes her for not being silent like Tambu. Hundreds of other students are also arriving, and Tambu is shown into a small room with six beds. There are more African students than usual, and all of them are grouped together, while the white students have more space, with only four students to a room. The Sigaukes help Tambu settle in and then leave, and Nyasha promises to write to and visit Tambu.

Nyasha does not visit, but she writes with family news, such as Lucia advancing from grade one to grade three. Tambu does not notice Nyasha’s absence, as she is preoccupied with studying and reading as much as she can. Nyasha writes a heartfelt letter about missing Tambu and feeling ostracized, but Tambu’s guilt is brief, and she does not reply to the letter. Nyasha’s letters return to their cheerful tone for a time, then they stop. Babamukuru brings Tambu home for a one-day visit, and she notices Nyasha has lost weight. She returns for another visit, and Nyasha is unhealthily thin. Dinner is tense, and Nyasha drinks two glasses of water and hurries through her food before getting excused and going to the bathroom to vomit. Nyasha stays up studying through the night, and she wakes Tambu to help her answer a question. The next day, Tambu asks Babamukuru if she can stay for a few more days to be with Nyasha, and he accedes. Nyasha’s condition continues to deteriorate; she is weak and she obsessively studies. One night, she wakes Tambu and asks to climb into bed. Tambu moves to let her in, but Nyasha says she just wanted to know if Tambu would let her in. Nyasha then begins vaguely ranting about forced assimilation, saying, “I won’t grovel. Oh no, I won’t. I’m not a good girl. I’m evil. I’m not a good girl” (205). Tambu touches Nyasha to comfort her, but Nyasha flies into a rage, screaming, breaking things, and tearing up books. Her parents run in but do not know what to do. Nyasha calms and says that she does not hate Babamukuru and asks her mother to hold her so she can sleep. The next day, Nyasha says she needs to go someplace safe where she can process what she is experiencing.

They take Nyasha to a white psychiatrist in the city who suggests that she is being dramatic and that African individuals do not authentically experience such events. Babamukuru believes the psychiatrist, but Nyasha’s uncle encourages them to seek another opinion. The second psychiatrist admits Nyasha into a clinic and prescribes her medication. Tambu is taken to the homestead, where her mother argues that Nyasha’s psychiatric condition has been caused by “Englishness.” Ma’Shingayi warns Tambu to be careful, which makes Tambu reflect on past events and question whether she is being careful, and she has nightmares for the first time since she moved away. She returns to Sacred Heart but does not love it as she used to. Tambu narrates that her skepticism continued to develop, but that that is a different story.

Chapters 8-10 Analysis

Ma’Shingayi submits to participating in a wedding that she feels is absurd. She feels her wants are unimportant since they have been ignored throughout her life, an assertation reflecting The Pressures of Patriarchal Gender Roles, which necessitate caring for her husband and family rather than expressing individuality. Her mood further declines after Dambudzo’s birth and after Tambu’s scholarship is accepted. Lucia demonstrates sisterhood by helping Ma’Shingayi overcome her symptoms of depression. She also uses the intense bond between a mother and her child by placing Dambudzo in danger. While Ma’Shingayi’s condition improves, her ending is dissatisfying because she is unable to escape the burdens of womanhood. Similarly, Lucia is yet constrained by her circumstances. The author does not provide hope for a brighter future for Lucia, writing “that Lucia could not really hope to achieve much as a result of Babamukuru’s generosity” (162). This suggests that, while Lucia’s immediate circumstances have improved, they will not last, and she will escape oppression. Maiguru’s storyline reaches its height when she snaps at Babamukuru for taking advantage of her then leaves. The short duration in which she is gone forces Babamukuru to recognize her importance, and he allows her more freedom going forward. Maiguru, compared to Lucia and Ma’Shingayi, has a more satisfying outcome, which is likely due to her privileges of wealth and education. The conclusions for Lucia, Ma’Shingayi, and Maiguru contribute further to the themes by suggesting that the burdens of womanhood, gender role pressures, and The Enduring Impacts of Colonization are imposing obstacles that are difficult to overcome.

Nyasha’s falling action illustrates the theme Sisterhood and the Burden of Womanhood. When Nyasha loses Tambu’s company and support, her mental state deteriorates. She reaches out to Tambu through writing, but Tambu does not respond. Nyasha’s mental state is physically reflected through her eating disorder and subsequent weight loss; controlling her food intake is a way of expressing her limited autonomy. Nyasha is depicted as wise, though, as she recognizes her need for help. As with the previous three female characters, Nyasha’s ending is incomplete. Her storyline is similar to Ma’Shingayi’s, and both women experience mental health crises as a result of the oppression they face. Their juxtaposition in circumstances, with Nyasha being young, single, educated, and affluent and Ma’Shingayi being poor, married, and uneducated, demonstrates that oppression—particularly the burdens of womanhood—is an inescapable feature of society. Nyasha’s mental health crisis also depicts the negative impacts of colonization. The crisis she experiences the night she wakes Tambu centers on her experience of the assimilation process. Nyasha rants about the white people who have colonized the area, saying “Do you see what they’ve done? They’ve taken us away. Lucia. Takesure. All of us. […] We’re groveling. Lucia for a job, Jeremiah for money. Daddy grovels to them. We grovel to him” (204-05). The African people have become dependent on white colonizers. Overt racism is incorporated into the impacts of colonization, expressed both in the confinement of all the African students in one room at Sacred Heart and through Nyasha’s initial psychiatric evaluation. The racism inherent in colonization helps distinguish the burdens of womanhood from the oppression of colonization, demonstrating that women experience intersectional oppression and supporting Nervous Conditions as a feminist text.

As with the other female characters, Tambu’s story is incomplete. The climax of her plotline occurs when she refuses to attend her parents’ wedding. Before it takes place, she realizes the difference in her behavior from when she advocated for herself and her education before her brother’s death. She reveres Babamukuru, which has impacted her critical thinking skills. Tambu can largely escape Babamukuru’s influence when she moves to Sacred Heart; however, the author alludes to the idea that the school will have negative impacts on Tambu. This allusion appears through Nyasha’s and Ma’Shingayi’s warnings against assimilation. It is also strengthened by the older Tambu’s narration, in which she explains that the story she is currently telling is the beginning of her coming-of-age process and that she continued to progress after the ending of the novel: “It was a process whose events stretched over many years and would fill another volume, but the story I have told here, is my own story, the story of four women whom I loved, and our men, this story is how it all began” (208). Tambu’s incomplete coming-of-age arc is further depicted through her lack of empathy and sisterhood for Nyasha. Tambu becomes absorbed in her studies at Sacred Heart, and she neglects her relationship with Nyasha. The author does not attribute Nyasha’s mental crises to Tambu’s lack of empathy, but rather uses the events to support Tambu’s incomplete arc. The lack of a resolution represents the ongoing nature of oppression, and it encourages readers to continue on to the second book of the trilogy.

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