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63 pages 2 hours read

Sui Sin Far (Edith Maude Eaton)

Mrs Spring Fragrance

Fiction | Short Story Collection | Adult | Published in 1912

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“The Americanizing of Pau Tsu”Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Story Summary: "The Americanizing of Pau Tsu," Part 1

When Wan Lin Fo is 16, his parents adopt a 13-year-old girl named Pau Tsu to be his betrothed. They are not yet married when Wan Lin Fo’s uncle brings his 18-year-old nephew to Seattle to expand his firm to the United States. Wan Lin Fo is a well-educated young man and grasps the intricacies of his uncle’s business as well as the senior partners. One of the firm partners is an American, whose daughter, Adah Raymond, befriends Wan Lin Fo. Wan Lin Fo, now 22-two-years old, tells Adah that she has inspired him to send for his betrothed:“Every time I come to this house, I see you, so good and so beautiful, dispensing tea and happiness to all around, and I think could I have in my own home and ever by my side one who is also both good and beautiful, what a felicitous life mine would be” (82). When Adah assumes that Wan Lin Fo had been in love with Pau Tsu before he left China, he answers: “No […] I was too young to be in love—sixteen years of age. Pau Tsu was thirteen. But, as I have confessed, you have caused me to remember and love her” (82). Adah does not know how to take these comments, which almost seem like a proclamation of love for Adah. When Adah asks if Pau Tsu speaks English, Wan Lin Fo answers sadly that she does not, but “when she comes I will have her learn to speak like you—and be like you” (83).

Story Summary: "The Americanizing of Pau Tsu," Part 2

Pau Tsu came to Seattle in the springtime and makes a beautiful bride. Wan Lin Fo had decorated his apartment in the American style, but Pau Tsu brings with her some items from China that make the home seem more familiar.

Adah Raymond and her sister are frequent visitors, which confuses Pau Tsu. She does not understand why they come when she is unable to communicate with them, and she pushes back against her husband’s request that she learn English. It is not lost on Pau Tsu that Wan Lin Fo holds Adah in high regard. Adah has good intentions, but she is oblivious of the insecurity she is causing Pau Tsu in regard to her marriage.

Wan Lin Fo brings home a beautiful American-style evening dress and walking costume. At first Pau Tsu is unable to hide her negative reaction to his gift, but she quickly recovers and says that she is overcome with happiness. Wan Lin Fo tells her: “I wish you to dress like an American woman when we go out or receive […] It is the proper thing in America to do as the Americans do” (85). Pau Tsu remarks that when she wears the dress she will look like Adah. When Wan Lin Fo leaves the room, Pau Tsu breaks down in tears.

Story Summary: "The Americanizing of Pau Tsu," Part 3

Unused to the weather in the American Northwest, Pau Tsu comes down with a bad cough. When Wan Lin Fo mentions the word “doctor” (86), Pau Tsu makes it known that she does not want a man to examine her. Adah is sympathetic and suggests they call for one of the female doctors in town, but Wan Lin Fo is insistent that they should employ one of the physicians from the Raymond household. Pau Lin reluctantly acquiesces, but Adah can tell that the experience of being examined by a male doctor is traumatic for Pau Tsu. A week after the doctor’s visit Wan Lin Fo hears Pau Tsu singing a melancholy song. When he asks her about it, she replies: “When a bird is about to die, its notes are sad” (88). Wan Lin Fo tries to convince his wife that she will not die, but he cannot help but notice how every day her face “grows finer and more transparent” (88).

Story Summary: "The Americanizing of Pau Tsu," Part 4

A messenger delivers a letter to Wan Lin Fo at his store. The letter is from Pau Tsu, apologizing to her husband for being unworthy of him. She makes it clear that she is leaving him so that he can obtain a divorce and marry “the Beautiful One, who is so much your Pau Tsu’s superior” (88). Shocked, Wan Lin Fo exits the shop and bumps into Adah. She can tell something is wrong and correctly guesses that it concerns Pau Tsu. Wan Lin Fo admits that his wife has left him. Instead of sympathy, Adah berates him for his treatment of Pau Tsu: “Oh, you stupid! [...] You’re a Chinaman, but you’re almost as stupid as an American. Your cruelty consisted in forcing Pau Tsu to be—what nature never intended her to be—an American woman” (89). When Adah presses Wan Lin Fo on what reason Pau Tsu gave him for her desertion, he tells her it is because of the doctor, but does not mention Pau Tsu’s suspicion that Wan Lin Fo is secretly in love with Adah.

As Adah continues to reproach him, Wan Lin Fo wonders “how he could ever have wished his gentle Pau Tsu to be like this angry woman” (89). He tells Adah: “If I find her […] I will not care if she never speaks an American word” (90). After many hours of looking for Pau Tsu, Wan Lin Fo spots a young boy dangling a strand of blue beads that he had given to Pau Tsu. The boy tells him his grandmother is caring for Pau Tsu and his maid. As they get to the house, Adah suggests Wan Lin Fo go in, and she will follow after a few moments. Embarrassed, Wan Lin Fo says, “Miss Adah […] ten thousand times I beg your pardon, but perhaps you will come to see my wife some other day—not today?” (90). In that moment, Adah understands she is the real reason for Pau Tsu’s desertion of her husband. 

"The Americanizing of Pau Tsu" Analysis

Like some of the other stories, this one centers on how the “Americanization” of a Chinese-American man affects his marriage, when his wife either does not have the opportunity or inclination to become “Americanized” herself. After Adah’s realization in the part that she played in Wan Lin Fo and Pau Tsu’s troubles, she says, “I ought to have known. What else could Pau Tsu have thought?—coming from a land where women have no men friends save their husbands. How she must have suffered under her smiles! Poor, brave little soul” (91).

in the case of Adah Raymond in this story and Adah Charlton in “The Wisdom of the New,” the American women assume Pau Lin and Pau Tsu are incorrect in their assessment of their husbands’ feelings toward these white women. Because platonic friendships between men and women are culturally appropriate, they accept without question that these Chinese men who they have befriended have no romantic interest in them. Part of this may be because of a prevailing attitude of racial supremacy that the white community displayed toward members of the Chinese-American community in the early 20th century. It may never have occurred to either Adah that Wou Sankwei or Wan Lin Fo could be interested in more than a platonic relationship.

In “The Americanization of Pau Tsu,” Wan Lin Fo was betrothed but not yet married at the beginning of the story. Despite this, Adah believed he was in love with his young bride. In both stories, the respective Adahs assume these Chinese men have been culturally insensitive to their wives. However, they never seem to realize how the values of the Chinese culture are affected as the minority culture in America. Wan Lin Fo especially seems to have internalized at least some of broader society’s belief that white American culture is superior to Chinese-American culture when he encourages Pau Tsu to be more like Adah. It is not until the loss of Pau Tsu that he realizes what he values most. 

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