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Pierre Choderlos de LaclosA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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20 August: Valmont writes to Merteuil. He believes he is definitely on the right track with Tourvel. He tells Merteuil how he used Tourvel’s spy against her: He discovered a family being evicted because they owed money. He arranged it so that Tourvel’s spy would catch him rescuing this family by paying their debt. Their gratitude touched him, and he was momentarily weak. He gave them more money, but the effect was already gone: “Necessity produced the important, the true effect” (48). He has to end his letter before he can tell Merteuil the best part.
20 August: Tourvel writes to Madame de Volanges. She tells Volanges how Valmont’s reputation might be a bit undeserved. She tells about what he did for the destitute family. She doubts he must be an “out and out libertine” (50).
21 August: Valmont writes to Merteuil. He finishes the story he had to cut off earlier. Tourvel was giving him glances, and she told him she knew what he had done. He played modest. Later in the day, when the two were alone, he professed his love for her. She fled to her room. He followed, but she had locked herself inside. Through the keyhole, he saw her praying. He briefly thought about taking advantage of the moment, but knew that a delayed victory would be better than a premature triumph.
20 August: Valmont writes to Tourvel. He asks for pity; he regrets having divulged his feelings. He wonders why his sentiments of love have caused her such alarm. He reproaches her treatment of him—he does not deserve such. He says he cannot cease to love her, but perhaps she can teach him to manage it.
22 August: Valmont writes to Merteuil. He uses his aunt (Madame de Rosemonde) to gain entrance to Tourvel’s room, to see her on her sickbed. The aunt asks him to check Tourvel’s pulse. He believes that Tourvel is not sick, rather playing a game with him: “She may be a good girl, but like every other woman she has her little tricks” (57).
At one point during dinner, he is able to ask her if she has written him. She says she has. He has sent a copy of the letter with his own, so that Merteuil can judge for herself. He does not believe the contents of it, but it does make him angry: “How can one not take revenge on such villainy” (58). He will write soon about Cécile.
21 August: Tourvel writes to Valmont. She tells him in no uncertain terms that she does not, and will never, love him. She is appalled that he mistook her kindness for something else. She says if she could possibly feel love for him, she would run far away. She wants him to send her letter back to her.
23 August: Cécile writes to Merteuil. She is very grateful that Merteuil will help her because she feels very confused. She wants to know if she should write to Danceny. She has enclosed his letter, so that Merteuil can judge his intentions for herself. She has heard that to love is wicked but has heard other things that contradict that. She wonders if Merteuil knows anything about her supposed marriage—she herself has not heard anything about it.
23 August: Danceny writes to Cécile. He berates her for not having answered him. He says she must be cruel to treat someone she professes a friend in such a manner. He opened himself up and she should do the same. He accuses her of feeling nothing for him, proven by her silence. He says he does not dare hope for a reply from her anymore.
24 August: Cécile writes to Sophie. She tells her that she was wrong to advise her not to write. Merteuil advised the opposite, and she greatly admires her. However, she told her not to tell her mother anything because it would only make her sad, thinking she had somehow failed in her upbringing. This makes Cécile pause and wonder why she would appear to care more for her than her own mother. She has learned that she is indeed to be married and wonders why her mother will not tell her.
24 August: Cécile writes to Danceny. She admits she loves him too.
25 August: Danceny writes to Cécile. He is so happy she loves him. He wants a kiss from her. He loves her so much, will always be hers, as she will be his. He cannot wait to see her again.
24 August: Madame de Volanges writes to Tourvel. She once again warns Tourvel about Valmont. She sees nothing great in what he did: “Human beings are not perfect in any way, no more perfectly evil than perfectly good. The wicked man has his virtues, the good man has his weaknesses” (67). She calls Valmont a “dangerous liaison” and implores Tourvel to leave the country and get away from him.
24 August: Merteuil writes to Valmont. She criticizes his weakness and blindness for having engaged in a written argument with Tourvel. Letters offer too much time for contemplation. He will not win her with logical arguments. Nevertheless, she believes he will succeed. Her project with Cécile is going well.
25 August: Valmont writes to Merteuil. He knows all about the difficulty in seduction via letter. That is nothing new to him, but he has no other way at the moment. Tourvel is doing a good job keeping away from him. He has had to be sneaky about getting letters to her. He used a ploy by forging an address and stamp from Dijon (where the Marquis de Tourvel is). It worked. She opened it and was visually shocked to find it was from him. He calls Tourvel now his “Fury.” He has enclosed the other letters, so that Merteuil can know all about what is being written.
21 August: Valmont writes to Tourvel. He again condemns her treatment of him, citing her as cruel and unjust. He will be silent and suffer in silence. His only crime is loving her, and she is offended by his love. He wants to know which of her friends have slandered him: “One does not condemn a guilty man without telling him what his crime is, without naming his accusers” (76).
23 August: Valmont writes to Tourvel, with a forged Dijon stamp attached to the envelope. He again condemns her behavior towards him. Since she refuses to read his letters, he blames her for the need of subterfuge. He calls what happened to him a misfortune. He had no plans on seducing her. He never knew her before he came to visit his aunt, but then he met her, spent time with her, and fell in love with her. He finally knew what love was. Is loving her such a bad thing, he asks her?
25 August: Tourvel writes to Madame de Volanges. She admits that Volanges’s earlier advice was sound. However, keeping away from Valmont might prove easier said than done. She cannot ask Madame de Rosemonde to have Valmont leave—that is too impertinent. She cannot leave herself, because he could always follow her, which would be worse. She will ask him to leave herself, and he will do it if his professions towards her are true. If he means to stay, she will leave.
27 August: Merteuil writes to Valmont. She wants to talk to him about Cécile. She describes her as having no character, principles, possessing no finesse nor intellect, but she does seem to have a natural duplicity. Danceny was given a perfect chance to kiss her, but he was too dumb to do it. Merteuil could really use Valmont’s help and asks him to hurry along with his seduction of Tourvel.
27 August: Cécile writes to Sophie. She has learned about her marriage from Merteuil, and the image she has of the Comte de Gercourt depresses her. She wishes she could tell her mother she does not want to marry him, but she fears being sent back to the convent. She also does not want to stop loving Danceny. Her only confidante is Merteuil, whom she loves too, and it is not wicked. Merteuil told her not to show her love in public, otherwise her mother might learn of Danceny.
27 August: Valmont writes to Merteuil. He talks about the difficulties he has with “the monster” (Tourvel). She does a great job keeping away from him. She has even requested he leave, but he has a counter-demand for her, if he is to follow her request. He has sent along her letter, so that she (Merteuil) can read it.
Letter 21 offers an important insight into Valmont’s character that is key for later events and in understanding the developing relationship between him and Tourvel. It is also a characteristic that separates him from Merteuil. Although Valmont aides the destitute family as a ruse to get closer to Tourvel, he nevertheless experiences the joy of helping another human being for the sake of moral goodness. This suggests a latent ability to sympathize with others, implying that he might not solely be bent on egotistical pleasure at the expense of others. Valmont is capable of doing good. However, he follows this confession with another, saying that the feeling was fleeting, as was the gratitude of the family. Nevertheless, he is most pleased because it makes him look good to Tourvel, seemingly advancing his own designs in winning her over. Although he is capable of good deeds, his energy is still placed predominantly in the work of seduction and sexual pleasure regardless of the feelings of others. This is witnessed by the fact that the good deed was intended to deceive, and in the further tactics he employs to convince Tourvel to succumb to his seduction.
Letter 32 takes up the discussion of good deeds and Tourvel’s argument that Valmont’s reputation is ill-deserved. Madame de Volanges proves to be especially perspicacious with regard to Valmont in that she sees through his ploy. She also provides a moment of contemplation regarding morality and the idea of good versus evil. When she states that the wicked man has his virtues and the good man his weaknesses, she points out that one good deed is not enough for Valmont to make up for so many bad deeds.
Regardless of his intentions, Valmont argues the opposite. He repeatedly argues to Tourvel that he has changed, which Tourvel wishes to believe, even though Valmont is still up to his usual tricks. However, as Tourvel and Valmont’s relationship develops, the nature of their relationship and feelings will become more ambiguous, as Tourvel will feel drawn to him in spite of her virtue, and the lines between Valmont’s manipulation and his own feelings will become blurred, tying into the theme Love, Lust, and Happiness.
In Letter 23, Valmont talks about the disadvantage of a “premature triumph.” This not only bears witness to the militaristic/sporting style in which he and Merteuil discuss love and seduction, but also shows how much he enjoys ruining the women he seduces. He is not content with a moment of passion: He could have rushed into the room and slept with Tourvel, but she of course would have seen it as a momentary lapse in judgement, a fit of passion, or even that he had forced himself upon her. What he wants is to convince Tourvel that she is passionately in love with him. He wants to possess her both body and mind. It is not just about sexual pleasure for him, otherwise he would have had it already. It is also about command and control and dominance. His strategy here is to exercise great patience and wear-down tactics. He will never give Tourvel any respite to his seduction and pleas for love because he wants to ruin her emotionally as well as compromise her sexually and socially.
Valmont’s desire to dominate and seduce women is evident, and it is upon these seductions that he has built his reputation. However, his desire to know who told Tourvel about his reputation reveals another aspect of his personality: While he plays off his reputation as something of which he is now ashamed so that it might work to his advantage against Tourvel, he is nevertheless angered by someone’s outside interference and slandering (despite its truth), which bears witness to his staunch egotism. It also reveals a deep level of cynicism and hypocrisy, as his and Merteuil’s ploys of seduction are all about interfering and destroying the lives of other people.
Throughout these letters, the relationship between Merteuil and Cécile grows closer. Merteuil is able to situate herself very close to Cécile both physically and emotionally. She becomes Cécile’s primary confidante, overcoming Cécile’s mother’s influence, and later, she even supplants Sophie. Moreover, Merteuil does not simply manipulate Cécile so as to avenge herself of Gercourt, but begins to take on Cécile as a type of mentee into the world of libertinism. In Letter 39, the reader is provided with the first allusion (innuendo) of a physical and bisexual relationship between Merteuil and Cécile, which becomes increasingly evident as the novel progresses. Merteuil’s manipulation of Cécile suggests that the world of the French aristocracy can corrupt anyone who comes into contact with it, no matter how innocent, young, and well-intentioned they may initially be.
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