35 pages • 1 hour read
George OrwellA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Gordon is happy to be going to a literary tea party hosted by a friend, Doring. However, he notes the parties are usually a disappointment: “Those wonderful, witty, erudite conversations that he imagined beforehand—they never happened or began to happen” (63-64). Also, the guests never know about his poems. While walking to the party, he thinks up new lines for London Pleasures.
When Gordon arrives at the Dorings’s house, he finds it empty. Gordon assumes they changed the date of the party without telling him and is upset. The experience is enough to destroy Gordon’s hopes of ever finishing London Pleasures.
Gordon wanders the streets of London looking for something to do. He nearly goes inside a bar but thinks about how he is too poor to get a drink unless someone buys one for him. When Gordon does get home, Mrs. Wisbeach hands him a letter; it is a rejection from a publisher. Angry and disappointed, Gordon blames the rejection, the Dorings “snubbing” him, and Rosemary ignoring him on his poverty. He then writes a letter to Rosemary, whom he has not heard from in five days. The letter simply reads, “You have broken my heart” (78).
Ravelston tells Gordon he will publish one of his poems, which is about a dying prostitute, in his journal Antichrist. Gordon jokes that his next poem will be about an aspidistra. The two head out. Based on a mutual understanding, Gordon does not let Ravelston buy him drinks or meals: “In this way the fiction was kept up that there was no serious difference in their incomes” (81). He tells Ravelston that there is “no life” in his poetry (83). Ravelston tries to assure Gordon that capitalism is “in its last phase” (84). Over drinks at a working-class bar, the two start arguing over socialism. Ravelston argues that Gordon should embrace socialism, but tor Gordon, socialism means “[r]ations served out in greaseproof paper at the communal kitchen” (88). Gordon believes the only alternatives to capitalism are “suicide and the Catholic Church” (88).
Gordon turns to telling Ravelston about being snubbed by the Dorings. He cites the incident as proof that people hate him because he is poor. Also, Gordon talks about how women spurn him because of his poverty. When they are about to part, Ravelston offers to lend Gordon some money. Gordon refuses, suggesting that going into Ravelston’s debt would ruin their friendship. Ravelston points out that this is a “bourgeois kind of thing to say” (96).
Later, Ravelston meets his wealthy girlfriend, Hermione Slater. She berates him for living like he is poor and hanging out with “beastly people” like Gordon (98). When Ravelston protests that he likes the working class, Hermione exclaims, “How disgusting. How absolutely disgusting” (98). On their way to a restaurant, they come across a beggar to whom Ravelston reacts with instinctive revulsion. He is about to offer the beggar some money, but Hermione stops him. Meanwhile, Gordon returns home to find a letter from the Dorings, which explains that they gave him the wrong date. However, Gordon believes it was deliberate and writes back accusingly.
All of Gordon’s grievances, from his love life to his career, tie into his war on money. Specifically, he is convinced that Rosemary is ignoring him because of his lack of money, even though there is no indication in the narrative that he has even attempted to contact Rosemary recently. Also without evidence, he assumes the Dorings deliberately snubbed him. This paranoia causes Gordon to act in self-destructive ways, cutting off the Dorings as a source of support and sabotaging his relationship with Rosemary.
Gordon’s friendship with Ravelston offers a new perspective on Gordon’s situation. In contrast to Gordon, Ravelston has channeled his own dissatisfaction with capitalism into actual politics—specifically, a commitment to socialism. Instead of looking for ways to politically improve society, Gordon only embraces his own pessimism and his grievances: “Ravelston had been trying for years to convert Gordon to Socialism, without even succeeding in interesting him in it” (86).
It’s of course fair to question the depth of Ravelston’s commitment to social change. He dates a woman, Hermione, who does not share his socialist values and in fact has only contempt for the poor and working class. Also, despite his sympathy for the working class, Ravelston “always [feels] like a fish out of water” when he goes to a working-class pub (86). Enjoying his upper-class lifestyle, Ravelston feels like a “shameful dog” (99). However, in contrast to Gordon, who struggles with his relationship and with having a social life, Ravelston is able to have both without letting his beliefs become an obstacle.
By George Orwell