51 pages • 1 hour read
Helen ThorpeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The author, accompanied by Justino Chavez as a translator, goes to visit Alma in Durango, feeling guilty that Yadira can’t go instead. Alma is living in her aunt’s house with her mother, sister, baby, and her brother. They survive with money that Jesus and Alma’s brothers send back from the U.S. Alma tried to work, but she made very little money and there was no one to watch the baby, whom she has named Maribel. Alma is anguished about having to leave her children in the U.S., but she does not want them to forfeit their futures by coming to Mexico. Her sister, Octavia, has also been deported by the INS, while her son lives in the U.S. Alma says she is breaking up with Jesus, and her brother is taking care of Zulema and Laura while Raúl is coming to visit Alma the following week.
Alma’s father, Tomás, has worked in the US through the bracero program, harvesting crops, and he received a green card for his agricultural work. He applied for legal residency for his wife and sons, but he had thought Alma was going to get a green card through her husband (his request for his other family members was denied because of a clerical error). Tomás hopes to get a pension from the Mexican government for his bracero work. Tomás was born in a small town that Alma has never visited.
Alma takes the author and Justino around Durango, where the streets are cluttered with big-box retailers, including Walmart. Alma tells Thorpe about her first husband, who, after they had broken up, forced her into a taxi at gunpoint and raped her. They were married a month later. She has heard that he had been working as a coyote and then as a drug dealer and that he had lost his legal status. Thinking about the board game Marisela created, the author writes: “Alma had been particularly unfortunate in terms of the cards she had drawn” (278).
Alma also tells the author how she had used a fake Social Security number at Goodwill. After three years, the manager told the employees that the Social Security Administration had reported that their numbers did not match their names. One worker told Alma and the rest of the crew that he could get documents for them, as a worker from the DMV was selling real identities. She started working under a new name, and when she returned from California, she told the manager she was afraid to stay at her job for too long, but he gave her a raise. She also told the author about her time in prison in the US, where she learned she was pregnant.
The next day, Thorpe and Justino go to Fábrica, Tomás’s hometown. The town, whose name means “factory,” had been the location of a factory that made textiles, carpets, and clothing. Tomás goes to meet his sister, Cuca, who is 82 and lives in a house without a bathroom, and they speak about immigration and the man in Colorado (GómezGarcía) who killed a police officer. They then go to the town of Tescalio and pass by a beautiful waterfall and canyon. Tomás exclaims that “this is the headwaters” (288), referring to the spring that flows through the local area.
On the way back from Tescalio, Alma asks about the woman’s identity she stole and admits that it had been wrong. Although the author always thought of Yadira as a first-generation immigrant, it was now clear that she was the third generation to have traveled to the US.
The author goes with Tom Tancredo on a tour of the North Denver neighborhood where he grew up and where Marisela once lived. It had been Italian but was becoming increasingly more Mexican. Tancredo points other places from his youth. He tells the story of his grandfather, Joe Tancredo, who was born in the Basilicata region of Italy in the 1890s. His parents died, and he was put on a ship to America, where he was supposed to live with a family in Iowa. When he landed in New York, no one was there to meet him, so he worked for a grocer and then pushed west to Denver and sent for his Italian bride (who never learned to speak English). Tancredo’s maternal grandparents were also from Italy, and they came as married adults to the US and found it harder to learn English than Joe Tancredo had. They spoke to Tom continuously about how important it was to be Americanized. Tom’s father was an alcoholic, and he says he does not feel nostalgic for his childhood.
Thorpe and Tancredo go to an Italian feast day procession, but Tancredo does not march as he is now an evangelical Christian and not Catholic. The author believes that Joe Tancredo’s harrowing journey as a boy has in part led his grandson to want to want to keep threats at bay and to defend his vision of America. Joe Tancredo had been scarcely older than Marisela when he came to the US. Thorpe attends the procession but wonders how many people in the increasingly Mexican neighborhood still feel a connection to the town, Potenza, which the Italian lodge is connected with.
The girls hold a fundraising party for their sorority at a downtown club. The author runs into someone she knows there, and she writes about how she feels connected to the girls because her parents had also brought her to the U.S. at a young age. Married to the mayor of Denver, she also feels like she, similar to the girls, has “acquired labels that were not of our own choosing” (301), though the girls’label was “toxic,” while hers was “insufferably positive” (301).
The television at the club shows the trial of GómezGarcía. His trial had begun with his defense attorney admitting that his client had shot the two officers but that he had done so without intending to kill them. Officer Bishop, who had been told GómezGarcía that he could not come into the club but who did not understand the Spanish with which Young had addressed him. Rubén Huizar Gonzalez, the owner of the club, identifies GómezGarcía in the courtroom, and, on the way out of the courtroom, he smiles at Kelly Young. He had known Donnie Young for five years, and he felt close to him.
Others testify, and then Sandra Rivas, the mother of GómezGarcía’s baby, takes the stand and testifies, against her desire to do so, that her boyfriend had confessed his crime to her. Her tension with the father of her child is palpable in the courtroom. Then GómezGarcía testifies. He says that he has received almost no formal schooling and cannot read or write. His father, who was a police officer in Mexico, told him that police officers were not hurt if they were wearing bullet-proof vests, so he had assumed that when he shot the officers, they would not be killed. However, Young had not been wearing a vest. At the end of the trial, the defendant is found guilty of second-degree murder of Young and second-degree attempted murder of Bishop.
The girls move into a dorm called La Chateau, which they have to furnish themselves, with the help of donations from Cynthia Poundstone and her friends. Marisela is living with Omar, the construction worker, and Clara has her first real boyfriend. Marisela declares a double major in political science and sociology and a minor in Spanish. She is considering attending law school and becoming a civil rights lawyer and fighting against the current system. If she could find the money to go to law school, this would solve the problem of her illegal status.
Clara is upset when she cannot go to Mexico for her grandmother’s funeral. No one sees Elissa, who attends Regis and works on a gubernatorial campaign. Yadira’s sisters live in her dorm from Sunday night through Wednesday, and she works at a clothing boutique to help her family. Yadira has a difficult time hosting her sisters, as she cannot control them or their fights. They have not seen Alma, their mother, in over a year, and they throw themselves into high school activities in an apparent effort to forget the sadness of having to part from her. Yadira’s boyfriend, Juan, attends a technical school and works in an auto body shop.
Attending a science class with Yadira and her friends, the author likens the girls to elements who are formed by the climate around them. Clara throws herself into student politics, Yadira forms new friends, and Marisela considers going to law school and breaks up with Omar, who wants to get married. In a political science class, the students debate issues related to citizenship and identity.
Cynthia Poundstone calls an immigration lawyer to see if anything can be worked out for Yadira and Marisela, but the lawyer is dismissive because the girls don’t have valid entry visas. Laura and Zulema return to their aunt’s house, but they feel guilty asking her for anything because their aunt works double shifts as a waitress. The girls run the sorority, while Clara has another boyfriend—a man who is studying for his master’s in piano composition. Luke returns from England, but the girls have drifted apart from him, and Yadira has a new job working at the same organization that Marisela works at.
Marisela moves out to her own apartment, and her father arranges to have a priest come over to bless it. Marisela engages in a conversation with the priest, as she does not believe in Catholicism and thinks it is oppressive to women. However, the priest is more open minded than what she had predicted. Her parents have decided to return to Mexico: “Marisela might achieve the American dream, but they had concluded they never would” (332). They want to leave Marisela’s 12-year-old and 15-year-old brothers, Rafael and Nestor, with Marisela, and she wants to find a place where her brothers can live with her. Marisela’s parents likely believe that she is married to Omar, as he sometimes spends the night at her place even though they have broken up. They think she has foregone the ceremony but is essentially married, as they don’t understand other types of relationships.
Marisela delays taking the LSATs and says she is afraid of the test and of getting into school, given her legal status. She is afraid of failure, and the test scares her. The prospect of winning a scholarship and then not doing well on the LSAT seems too daunting to her, and it shows that she holds herself to a high standard and is afraid of disappointing other people. The girls hold a movie night showing a film about in-state tuition for their sorority, but very few people come to it.
The author meets up with Donnie Young’s widow, Kelly, for lunch. Kelly has just passed by her old house and feels emotional about it. She speaks about picking up Donnie’s personal belongings from the police department two years after his death, and she struggles with whether she wants to be part of the police community anymore.
The author recounts that at the sentencing hearing for GómezGarcía, there had been two surprises. García had not wanted to show up, but the judge made him appear in court to say that he did not want to be there. Additionally, García’s head was shaved with a number “13,” possibly signifying his membership in a gang called the "Mexican Mafia" (340), as “M” is the 13th letter in the alphabet. Donnie’s mother, who is Latina, also showed up at the hearing, but Kelly did not want to draw attention to her former mother-in-law, as Donnie had never wanted to get advantages for being part Latino. Kelly still refuses to lump all immigrants together or to say that they are all bad because of the actions of one who killed her husband.
The author goes to the Johnson County Republican spaghetti dinner to see Tom Tancredo speak. He has not yet declared his intention to run for President but will do so the following month. His speech turns to the topic of illegal immigration, and he says that immigrants must give up their "ties" to their home countries and become more American: “When you come to America, you cut the ties that bind you to your country of origin, political and otherwise, and you connect to America” (354). He receives a standing ovation, and his message seems almost moderate.
He is more hawkish the next day when he appears at a gun show nearby. At the gun show, he supports the idea of deporting illegal immigrants, and he says that the U.S. has the power to do so. He also refers to Mexican military members crossing the border and refers to it as an “invasion” (346). He eventually drops out of the race to be the Republican candidate for President, which Mitt Romney wins, but his rhetoric changed the way Republican politicians speak about immigration. The Republican candidates appear at a debate sponsored by CNN and start with a twenty-minute “brawl” (347) over immigration. Tancredo has injected this debate into the political sphere.
The author goes to visit Marisela’s parents in a Denver suburb where Rosalinda, Marisela’s 14-year-old sister, greets them. They have decided to postpone moving to Mexico but think Marisela and Omar will take care of their kids when they move in a few years. Rosalinda has gotten a job at Carl Jr.’s using a fake green card and Social Security card like Marisela.
Yadira and Marisela travel to Atlanta, Georgia, to a social justice conference. It is the first time they have left Colorado since they were much younger, and they record the experience on a camcorder. During the last year of school, both Yadira and Marisela take a class on the conquest of Latin America, and their readings deal with the questions of identity that continue to plague Yadira in particular. Clara is spending the first semester of her senior year in Italy. The girls think about going to law school and meet the dean of the University of Denver law school. Yadira goes through a breakdown about what she is going to do after graduation, and she has an epiphany about going to see her mother, Alma, in Mexico. However, her boyfriend Juan tells her that she does not speak Spanish well and won’t fit in, and her mother also discourages her from coming. Alma seems to be doing better and might even have a suitor. Marisela gets involved with Julio, a friend from high school who works as a labor organizer and who treats her really well. They go through romantic and platonic phases.
As the 2008 Presidential election nears, Barack Obama visits the University of Denver, but the girls are not that interested in his campaign. The girls take classes in family law and a class called School and Society in which the rich students are defensive and the poor kids don’t say anything. Yadira’s sisters are living what the class is about, as their aunt kicks them out of her house and Laura lives on Yadira’s floor while Zulema, who does not apply to college, lives with a boyfriend. Their mother’s absence has been difficult for them. Although Yadira assumed her sisters would do better because they are citizens, that has not been the case.
The author attends Elissa’s graduation from Regis. On the day of the girls’ college graduation, Yadira cannot find Zulema, and Juan is under house arrest and is wearing an ankle bracelet for speeding. Right before the event, Zulema appears. Yadira’s mom is not present at the ceremony, but she has Irene and Justino Chavez, the author, and Cynthia Poundstone present. Marisela has a "loud" (365) party at her house and charms a police officer into leaving the party alone when neighbors complain about the noise.
Clara eventually gets her certificate of citizenship, while the status of Yadira and Marisela is still undefined. Clara gets a part-time job working for a local foundation that gives students college scholarships. Yadira and Marisela continue to work for the same nonprofit that had employed them during college, while Elissa, though she is legal, struggles to find a job. Elissa applies to graduate school to become an English as a Second Language teacher. Marisela breaks up with Julio and gets pregnant and reunites with him. Her parents are overjoyed that their daughter will have a baby.
In 2009, Marisela gives birth to her baby, a boy named Emilio, and she marries Julio in 2010. Yadira is still dating Juan but has chosen not to get married. Her sisters move out, and no one knows exactly where Laura is while Zulema moves to Chicago. Clara is accepted into a social work graduate program at the University of Denver but postpones enrollment. She is still dating Diego. Elissa attends graduate school and works as a counselor to young people who are at risk. Graduate school looks less and less likely for Marisela and Yadira, and the DREAM Act is still not passed.
The last section of the book fleshes out Yadira’s background, and, by extension, the heritage of the other girls in the book. Thorpe acknowledges the irony, and sadness, of the fact that she can visit Mexico—and Yadira’s mother—while Yadira cannot. Yadira is afraid that if she goes to Mexico, she will not be able to be admitted back into the U.S. By visiting the “headwaters” of which Yadira’s grandfather speaks, Thorpe not only goes to the birthplace of the local spring but also to the birthplace of Yadira’s family. She sees the soulfulness of the place and also understands its poverty and the family’s inability to earn more than a subsistence living there. This section of the book, in which Yadira’s mother also explains that Yadira’s father raped her and that she was therefore forced to marry him (as it was assumed then that she would not be able to marry anyone else), provides a kind of tragic depth to Yadira’s family’s story and helps the reader understand their motivations in moving northward.
The third section of the book serves to tie up some of the loose ends about what happens to the characters. Tom Tancredo launches a presidential campaign but drops out after having shaped the political climate and the political discourse about illegal immigration. Alma is happier in Mexico but discourages Yadira from moving there to be with her. The girls graduate from college and do not plan for now to push on to graduate school (with the exception of Elissa).
The ending of the book is in many ways an anticlimax. Nothing monumental happens yet in the girls’ lives, though in the epilogue and afterword, the author reveals that Marisela has a baby and marries Julio. The lack of a resolution to the book is fitting, as Yadira and Marisela still have no resolution about their identities. While their lives go on, they also live in a state of "limbo" (387), waiting for the country to act for people like them. They still exist in a kind of in-between world, in which they are American and have college degrees but do not have the paperwork to prove that they are American.