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45 pages 1 hour read

Patti Smith

Just Kids

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2010

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Themes

Becoming an Artist

More than anything else, Just Kids is an artistic coming-of-age story about both Patti Smith and Robert Mapplethorpe. From childhood, both Smith and Mapplethorpe feel drawn towards creative expression. Smith dreams of "meeting an artist to love and support and work with side by side" (12)—something she later finds in Mapplethorpe. For Smith, the urge to express herself is her "strongest desire" (6) and she achieves this by drawing, dancing, and writing poems. Mapplethorpe draws and crafts jewelry for his mother. Mapplethorpe's father, a conservative middle-class Catholic, wants his son to study "commercial art" (6) and use his skills for practical aims. After meeting each other as young adults in New York City, Smith and Mapplethorpe enter into a codependent relationship in which they act as each other's muses. Convinced that nothing matters more than their dedication to art, Smith and Mapplethorpe are willing to work menial jobs and live "demoralized by hunger" (37) to support their art. 

Throughout their struggles to find themselves and find success as artists, Mapplethorpe maintains "absolute confidence in his work and in" (47) Smith. Mapplethorpe orients himself towards making art in order to make money, while Smith has "a more romantic view of the artist's life and sacrifices" (57) such that "committing to great art is its own reward" (57). These differing attitudes mean different approaches and, at times, tension between Smith and Mapplethorpe. Mapplethorpe's primary goal is to be "financially independent through his work" (81) and he never seems "to question his artistic drives" (65), whereas Smith sometimes wavers, asking herself whether art has any value, and to whom. However different their beliefs may be, Mapplethorpe and Smith provide balance to each other and make a promise not to "leave each one another again" (88) until they're ready to stand on their own—a promise they keep to each other. 

New York City in the 1960s and 1970s

Of New York City in the late 1960s, Smith says she feels "no danger in the city" (30) and "never encounter[s] any" (30), despite living on the streets for her first few weeks there. For Smith, the city possesses a kind of magic that allows for frequent, serendipitous encounters, such as meeting Mapplethorpe and getting their loft across the street from the Chelsea Hotel. In the late 1960s, and into the 1970s, New York experienced a period of economic decay that left many parts of the city in disrepair, and thus fairly affordable. Mapplethorpe and Smith's first loft, an entire second floor on Hall Street, has walls "smeared with blood" (43) and an "oven crammed with discarded syringes" (43), though the rent is only $8 a month, roughly $500 in today's currency. Though Mapplethorpe and Smith experience a few break-ins, the reward of living in the city far outweighs the risks. For many young artists, like Mapplethorpe and Smith, having cheaper rent allows them to work less and devote more time to their art. 

New York's relative affordability creates a social atmosphere hospitable to interconnected networks of underground artists. As Smith explains, New York at this time does "not seem to be oppressive to anyone" (27). Through places like the Chelsea Hotel, Max's Kansas City, and CBGB, Smith and Mapplethorpe find it fairly easy to meet more established artists who serve as mentors and collaborators. These include people like Sandy Daley, the artist who gives Mapplethorpe his first Polaroid camera, Allen Ginsburg, William Burroughs, and Lenny Kaye, who serves as Smith's first guitar accompanist. As Mapplethorpe leverages his connections, they meet people involved in the New York art scene's upper echelons who serve as powerful patron, such as John McKendry and Sam Wagstaff. 

Religion and Superstition

Both Mapplethorpe and Smith have close relationships to religion from a young age; this will influence their artistic work in later years. As a child, Smith "swiftly accepted the notion of God" (5) in a more poetic and spiritual sense than a dogmatic one. She imagines God as a "presence above us, in continual motion, like liquid stars" (5) and soon engages in mouthing "long letters to God" (5). Smith continues this practice of praying in adolescence and adulthood as she often prays for friends in need and pens prayer-like odes to her idols. Smith is, by her own admission, "superstitious" (25), attaching significance to dates, people, and places. For example, Smith believes Monday is "a good day to arrive in New York City" (25) because both she and Mapplethorpe were born on a Monday. Because of her superstition, Smith often ritualizes her actions, hoping this will bring her good luck. When attempting to write her monograph on Rimbaud, Smith places a "picture of Joan of Arc, a copy of Paris Spleen, [a] pen, and a bottle of ink" (227) around a candle to summon her muse. Recognizing these tendencies, Mapplethorpe often gives Smith gifts with superstitious significance.

Mapplethorpe considers the vestiges of his Catholic upbringing a "yoke" (62) that he continuously tries to cast off, though religious images and themes continue to penetrate his work. In one of Mapplethorpe's early efforts to do this, he constructs a wooden box with the face of Christ inside and "the face of the Devil, with his extended tongue" (62) on the inner lid. To Smith's horror, Mapplethorpe hopes to summon Satan, whom Mapplethorpe hopes will "grant him fame and fortune" (63). Mapplethorpe's efforts tend towards the darker elements, eventually exploring sadomasochistic imagery, like a photograph of a "guy shoving nails in his dick" (236). As Mapplethorpe drifts further into these explorations, Smith feels that "Mapplethorpe's aesthetic became so consuming" (71) it shifted the world they shared towards a world dominated by his views.

Homosexuality and the AIDS Crisis

Mapplethorpe's fear that he'll "turn homosexual" (74) in San Francisco foreshadows his eventual coming-to-terms with his sexuality. As Smith explains, Mapplethorpe feels uncomfortable "being identified in terms of his sexuality" (164), so he has a difficult time with giving a name to his sexual identity/orientation. Though Mapplethorpe's work consistently incorporates images from men's magazines, his later photographs of himself and others showcase more explicitly-homosexual work. With little sexual and romantic experience, Smith does not comprehend "that Mapplethorpe's conflicted behavior related to his sexuality" (72), as yet unexpressed in full. Smith's understanding of homosexuality as a "poetic curse" (77) comes from the relationship between the poets Arthur Rimbaud and Paul Verlaine. From Smith's naïve perspective, a man "turn[s] homosexual when there [is] not the right woman to save him" (77). Meanwhile, Mapplethorpe struggles to come to terms with his sexuality. He begins prostituting himself, or “hustling,” to make extra money. At first, "curiosity and the romance of Midnight Cowboy" (135) fuel Mapplethorpe's attempts but later he finds "working Forty-second Street to be harsh" (135). Mapplethorpe contracts gonorrhea from one of the men who pays him for sex and transmits it to Smith, who then nurses Mapplethorpe back to health. Mapplethorpe starts seeing his first boyfriend, Terry, shortly after coming back from San Francisco, but Mapplethorpe still has love for Smith and they continue to live together. 

Mapplethorpe and Sam Wagstaff both contract AIDS in the early 1980s. The AIDS/HIV Crisis begins in the United States in 1981 with the first documented report of the disease. At its onset, AIDS disproportionately affected men who had sex with other men and, due to poor handling of the epidemic by the United States government, claimed the lives of thousands of these men, including Mapplethorpe and Sam Wagstaff. 

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