63 pages • 2 hours read
Toni MorrisonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
When Henry returned home, he found Golden Gray and Honor, a boy he hired to care for his livestock, tending to a naked woman in the middle of childbirth. Henry realized that the woman had little societal interaction, and when he moved to adjust her blanket, she bit him on the cheek. Henry gave her the name “Wild.” After she gave birth to a baby boy, she would not look at the child or nurse it. Henry sent Honor to find someone to care for the baby.
Henry interrogated Golden to find out who he was. Golden told him that he was his son. Henry did not know that Vera had given birth to a child, and he revealed that the green dress Golden used to cover the woman belonged to Vera. Golden, who was now resolved to kill Henry, treated his father coldly. Henry accused Golden of only visiting to find out how Black his father’s skin was. Golden replied that he did not want to be Black. Henry told his son that he had a choice—he could continue to live as a white man, or he could be Black. If he chose the latter, he must stop acting like a child and begin acting like a man.
Wild’s baby, Joe Trace, was sent away to a family, and Wild returned to the woods near the cane fields. Henry, an expert hunter, trained young Joe and Victory to become skilled hunters and trackers. He told Joe about Wild and how he might find her. Wild had become a legend in the area. Some thought she was a witch. Others claimed to have seen her with a man with golden hair. Henry, however, believed that she had a mental illness and was starving. Joe searched for his mother, following rumors of a “feral” woman in Virginia and Henry’s instruction. Henry told Joe and Victory that one must never hurt or harm a woman. Henry learned that red winged blackbirds liked Wild and followed her. If Joe saw four redwings, he would surely see his mother.
This tip led Joe toward the sound of a woman singing in the woods, accompanied by blackbirds. He climbed through a rock formation behind a hibiscus. He asked the woman to put her hand through the leaves to confirm it was her. When nothing happened, Joe raised his gun and shot through the leaves, but the shells were still in his pocket. When he looked for his mother one last time after the day he shot through the leaves, he found the small, empty cave where she was living. There was a cooking fire, a green dress, a rocking chair, and a pair of men’s trousers.
The chapter breaks to the day in January when Joe searched for Dorcas in the city. He was hunting this time too. He had a gun but remembered Henry’s admonishment to never harm a woman. Joe acted out what he would say when he found Dorcas, and he imagined how she would respond to him. They would forget their argument, and Dorcas would surrender to his touch: “She’s young. Young people fly off the handle. […] Like me saying, ‘All right, Violet, I’ll marry you,’ just because I couldn’t see whether a wildwoman put out her hand or not” (181). As Joe searched for Dorcas, his thoughts jumbled with his memories of looking for his mother. He imagined that, like the day he found his mother, he would find Dorcas alone and “wild.”
Joe found Dorcas at an adult party, dancing with another man named Acton. The chapter quickly shifts perspectives to Dorcas. The young woman put her arms around Acton, enjoying his strength and youth. She felt happier than she had ever been. Joe was too kind to her. He never criticized her laugh or monitored how much she ate. He was encouraging and believed she should do whatever she wanted. Dorcas believed Acton cared more about her because he made her better. He taught her how he wanted her to behave and talk.
Dorcas knew that Joe would come looking for her. She replayed their last conversation when she told him that she did not want to be with him anymore. She did not tell him about Acton. Instead, she explained that she was tired of sneaking around. She wanted a boyfriend that she could talk about with her friends and be seen with. Joe offered to leave his wife, but Dorcas rejected the idea. She wanted Joe to leave her, and she told him she was sick of him. Knowing Joe would show up to the party, Dorcas believed that when he saw her dancing with Acton he would give up and leave.
Suddenly, Dorcas saw Joe across the room. At the same instant, she felt herself falling. Acton was above her, dabbing blood off his shirt. He looked annoyed, and Dorcas realized that the blood was her own. The people around her asked who shot her, but Dorcas refused to tell. However, when her friend Felice leans her ear against Dorcas’s face, Dorcas says something to her.
True Belle, Henry, and Golden Gray are examples of the ensemble approach Morrison uses to flesh out the story. These seemingly disconnected stories contribute to an understanding of how the characters’ trauma is carried into their relationships and how community impacts the individual. Golden Gray, the boy cared for by True Belle, Violet’s grandmother, seems to have no connection to the three main characters. Before leaving to raise Violet and her siblings, True Belle tells Golden that his father is a Black man and where to find him. While searching for his father, Golden rescues Wild, a woman the reader later learns gave birth to Joe Trace. Golden’s father cared for Joe and taught him how to hunt. Violet and Joe are connected to one another from birth.
Joe learns from the only man who has ever acted as a father toward him about hunting and tracking. The association of Violence as an Act of Love is ingrained in him since childhood. Although his love for Dorcas may connect to an attempt to recapture his youth, Joe more closely aligns her with Wild, his mother. Both women are elusive and withdrawn. Dorcas rejects Joe, and he feels once more like the young man hiding in the hibiscus bush, pleading for his mother to acknowledge him as her son. The narrator is only able to understand the characters through the narrow lens of personal bias. Instead of seeing how Joe’s past connects to his present, the narrator believes that he, like others in the novel, is driven by a failure of character.
When Joe shoots through the leaves at his mother, the connection is drawn between this act and the moment he shoots Dorcas. In both instances, Joe’s act of violence is a desperate manifestation of Desire and Possession. He tries and fails to transform his mother into a woman who recognizes and loves him. His internal monologue while searching for Dorcas reveals that he is repeating this pattern. The reader does not yet know what Dorcas said to him, but Joe says her words were mean. He assures himself that she will give herself over to him. Although he claims he is not hunting Dorcas, he suggests that having the gun with him is a natural part of trailing. Joe sees both Dorcas and Wild as animals to be possessed rather than people with their own thoughts and feelings.
In Chapter 8, Dorcas’s internal dialogue reveals that she is eager to be possessed, but not by Joe. At the beginning of their affair, she was drawn to Joe because of his age and authority. She began to resent him, however, for his kindness. Joe gave her gifts, told her she was beautiful, and let her be whoever she wanted. Dorcas is drawn to Acton because he treats her badly, and she equates this form of possession with love. Like Violet’s Birds and Birdcages, Dorcas is trapped. This entrapment is juxtaposed with Wild, who is known for being accompanied by four blackbirds. Wild lives uninhibited and is possessed by no one.
By Toni Morrison