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52 pages 1 hour read

Katherine Paterson

Jacob Have I Loved

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1980

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Prologue-Chapter 5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Prologue Summary: “Rass Island”

In the opening pages of the novel, the first-person narrator, Sara Louise Bradshaw, also known as “Louise,” anticipates the journey she will make to Rass Island in Chesapeake Bay, where she was born and grew up. She imagines the ferry trip to the island and the first sight of the crab houses and boats outside the small village where members of her family have lived for more than 200 years. Now, only her mother lives there. Soon, none of them will remain there, as the narrator plans to bring her mother to live with her elsewhere. Louise muses on her belated realization of how much she loves Rass Island but notes that neither she nor Caroline, her twin sister, were able to stay there.

Chapter 1 Summary

In 1941, Louise and McCall “Call” Purnell spend the summer crab fishing on Louise’s small skiff. Louise is 13, “tall and large boned, with delusions of beauty and romance” while Call is a year older, “pudgy, bespectacled, and totally unsentimental” (5). They are each other’s only friends. Louise appreciates that Call does not tease her, but she complains that he never laughs at her jokes and is unable to appreciate the information she gleans from Time magazine.

They sell the crabs they catch and split the money. While Call goes home for dinner with his mother and grandmother, Louise returns to her home and gives the money she earned to her mother, Susan. Even her twin sister Caroline’s disdainful remarks about how much Louise stinks and her grandmother’s loud complaints cannot fully erase Louise’s pride in her day’s work. However, that good mood is short-lived. Over a dinner of their mother’s she-crab soup, Caroline announces, “in that voice of hers that made [Louise] feel slightly nauseated” (16), that she is going to spend the summer writing her life story as a record for when she becomes famous. Louise abruptly leaves the table, unwilling to hear more about Caroline’s plans to tell a story in which Louise is only a supporting character.

Chapter 2 Summary

Chapter 2 narrates Louise’s parents’ courtship and marriage. Her father, Truitt, was born and raised on Rass Island and fought in France during WWI. When he returned home after being wounded, he found that his childhood sweetheart had married someone else, but he fell in love with Susan, who had come to the island to work as a teacher.

As a crab fisherman, Truitt hoped Susan would give birth to sons who could help with the family business. Instead, Susan gave birth to twin girls: Louise and Caroline. Louise, who arrived first, was strong and healthy, but Caroline had trouble breathing and spent two months in the hospital.

Because of the drama of Caroline’s birth, her mother and grandmother have difficulty remembering anything about Louise’s. Louise asks where she was while the midwife took care of Caroline. Susan responds that she was likely placed in a basket but cannot quite remember. When Susan went to the mainland with the infant Caroline, Louise was left with her father and grandmother, neither of whom remember anything about her during that time. Susan sees Louise’s distress and tries to comfort her by saying, “You were a good baby, Louise. You never gave us a minute’s worry” (19), but from Louise’s perspective, the worry Caroline gave her parents made them love her even more.  

Louise recalls a snapshot of her and Caroline as 18-month-old babies. The “tiny and exquisite” Caroline is laughing, her face ringed with blonde curls, while Louise hunkers behind her, a “fat dark shadow” (20). Louise recalls her childhood as one where Caroline continued to receive the care and concern of her mother, while Louise grew closer to her father. Truitt treated young Louise “with a certain roughness” (20), almost, but not entirely like a son. He taught her to row a skiff but would not let her join him on his fishing boat.

The family realized Caroline’s talent for music at a young age, first on the piano and then with singing. Susan takes Caroline to the mainland for singing lessons every week. The costs of traveling to the lessons are high compared to the Bradshaws’ income, but the family makes sacrifices “as a matter of course” (25). Louise is simultaneously proud of her sister’s talent and jealous of the attention she receives, especially as she recalls what it was like to turn 13.

Chapter 3 Summary

In December 1941, Louise and Caroline are listening to the radio when the attack on Pearl Harbor is announced. In a rare moment of shared feeling, Louise and Caroline hold hands as they contemplate the coming war. Mr. Rice, their school music teacher, is joining the Army and will leave after Christmas. He plans to hold the usual school chorus concert beforehand. Louise suggests that they should cancel, as it would be inappropriate to celebrate while people are dying, but Mr. Rice dismisses her concerns, and the other students laugh at her. After school, Louise runs to the marsh crying and stays there until Caroline makes her come home.

From her place in the chorus on the night of the Christmas concert, Louise is as deeply moved by Caroline’s solo rendition of “I Wonder as I Wander” as she is annoyed by Caroline’s response to the praise she receives for it. Back at the Bradshaw home, Caroline mocks the performance of a less talented classmate, amusing her father but causing Louise to feel more resentment.

Louise tries to pray before bed, but the words make her feel more isolated, “like being with Caroline” (38). Louise recalls her mother’s comment that she never made her parents worry. However, she knows that worrying about someone is part of loving them. She goes on to imagine a scenario in which her parents and sister would be forced to notice and even to defer to her; though the details are few, she specifically imagines forcing Caroline to address her as “Sara Louise,” not as “Wheeze,” which has been her nickname since she was two.

Chapter 4 Summary

Louise and her grandmother are alone in the house, waiting for Caroline and Susan to return from the mainline, when Grandma complains about hating the water. Louise reflects that, among Rass Islanders, the water is the province of men and a cause of anxiety for most women. She fears a future spent waiting on shore for the men to return from the water. Louise spars with her grandmother, responding to her religious barbs with sarcasm, before backing down. Grandma tells Louise to meet her mother and Caroline at the ferry to help them with the groceries; by the time Louise is ready to leave, her grandmother has forgotten her own command.

Louise meets her father, just returning from his boat, at the ferry. As they unload the groceries into the wagon, a stranger with a big white beard, a seaman’s cap, and a big coat disembarks from the ferry and heads down a dirt path across the marsh. Louise wants to find out more about this mysterious man, but she must help carry the groceries to their home, walking among the tombstones that line the main street.

Chapter 5 Summary

Rumors spread about the stranger from the ferry. Grandma and others conclude that he must be Hiram Wallace, who left the island decades ago. He has taken up residence at the long-abandoned Wallace family home, which Louise and Call once explored before being spooked by a stray cat. The islanders recall incidents from Hiram’s past, including the young Hiram’s cowardly behavior during a storm on the water that led to his departure.

However, Louise imagines the old man must be a German spy because the house on the water looks out toward the bay where the larger military ships might be seen in the distance. She and Call sneak out to the house to prove this theory; Louise pictures President Roosevelt giving her medals for such bravery and cunning. When they arrive to the house, the old man invites them in for tea.

The old man never tells them his name, so they call him the Captain. He is friendly and welcoming, and he makes Call laugh in ways that Louise cannot. She resents that the Captain, like everyone else, calls her “Wheeze,” and that he finds the name funny. She also feels that the Captain only likes Call, not her, and fears that he will take her only friend away, leaving her with nothing.

Prologue-Chapter 5 Analysis

The prologue evokes the setting of Rass Island in the early 1940s. The adult Louise recalls details such as the “faint hay smell of the grass mingled with that of the brackish water of the Bay” (3) and envisions the crab houses and boats that have changed little from her childhood. Although the narrator offers few details about the circumstances of her eventual departure, she briefly foreshadows them at the end of this section by saying that “there were only the two of us, my sister, Caroline, and me, and neither of us could stay” (4).

Although Louise speaks of herself and Caroline as the “two of us” in the Prologue, her twin sister quickly emerges as one of the central antagonists of Louise’s story. As an adult, Louise can understand her inner turmoil as a normal part of turning 13, yet at the time, “I thought the blame for my unhappiness must be fixed—on Caroline, on my grandmother, even on myself” (25). As a result, her life story is driven by the central theme of Sibling Rivalry and Its Emotional Impact. Louise fixates on the details of her and her sister’s birth, comparing the concern lavished on the sickly Caroline to a seeming indifference in her mother and grandmother’s recollections. Louise constantly compares herself to Caroline and, in all respects, finds herself wanting. Where Caroline is blonde and petite, Louise is dark and tall. Where Caroline is talented and coddled, Louise is ordinary and ignored. This juxtaposition continues throughout the narrative, leading Louise to feel overshadowed by Caroline and unloved by her parents whose lack of worry indicates to Louise that she is not worth caring about.

Louise’s feelings of resentment are more complicated when it comes to Caroline’s musical talents; she is undoubtedly proud of her sister’s abilities, but she dislikes the way her sister comports herself. The Christmas concert brings these conflicts to the forefront. Louise experiences Caroline’s singing as close to sublime: “a lonely, lonely sound, but so clear, so beautiful that I tightened my arms against my sides to keep from shaking, perhaps shattering” (35). But the applause that follows Caroline’s solo breaks Louise’s reverie, and Caroline’s demeanor provokes even more resentment: “I was disgusted to see her dimpled and smiling. She was pleased with herself” (35). What emerges in this moment is not exactly jealousy or comparison—Louise does not harbor any illusions about her own musical talent—but a resentment of the attention Caroline attracts that seems always to be at Louise’s expense.

The December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor famously launched the United States into the Second World War; it also marks for Louise a break with childhood. As the family listens to the news on the radio, Susan distractedly brings coffee for her daughters as well as her husband and mother-in-law. “Caroline and I had never drunk coffee in our lives,” Louise recalls, “and the fact that our mother had served us coffee that night made us both realize that our secure, ordinary world was forever in the past” (29). For Louise, it also emphasizes her growing estrangement from her peers. Unable to reconcile the performance of Christmas carols with the news of the war, Louise suggests during a choir practice that they should “cancel Christmas.” When she attempts to explain her position, her classmates ridicule her, and Caroline is particularly embarrassed.

Louise’s inability to fit in with her peers hints at one of the major themes, The Search for Identity and Independence. The gender-based customs of Rass Island force her to play a secondary role to men—even to the bumbling Call—and make her love of the water an aberration. While Truitt Bradshaw does not express any resentment for having had daughters rather than sons, Louise feels burdened by not having been born male. Moreover, because she understands her identity largely in terms of her not being Caroline, she feels little control over her own life; she cannot even get people to stop calling her “Wheeze,” the nickname Caroline gave her.

Finally, the early chapters foreshadow the theme of Struggling With God in a Religious Society. Christianity permeates the community of Rass Island, which “had lived in the fear and mercy of the Lord since the early nineteenth century, when Joshua Thomas, ‘The Parson of the Islands,’ won every man, woman, and child of us to Methodism” (26-27). When Louise imagines herself on the ferry approaching the Island in the Prologue, the first building she will see is the Methodist Church. Call’s literal mind makes him unable to appreciate Louise’s attempts to joke about heaven and hell. And, despite the harsh quality of her speech, Grandma is just an extreme example of the common religiosity. More broadly, Christianity structures the rhythms of life on the island through Sunday services and Wednesday prayer meetings. Within this context, Louise’s troubled response to the children’s prayer, “Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep,” portends deeper struggles ahead, as well as the difficulty she will have creating an identity beyond her seemingly fated doom to stand in her sister’s shadow.

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