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17 pages 34 minutes read

W. H. Auden

If I Could Tell You

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1940

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Symbols & Motifs

Time

Time appears in a personified form as “Time,” meaning that the speaker refers to it as though it were a living thing and not just an abstract concept. In the poem, the speaker gives two different attributes to Time. The first is that Time will not reveal anything to humans about the deeper meaning behind their experiences, regardless of whether a deeper meaning exists. Instead, “Time will say nothing but I told you so” (Line 1), with the phrase “I told you so” suggesting that Time is indifferent and impassive in the face of human suffering. Furthermore, the fact that “Time will say nothing but I told you so” is one of the poem’s key refrains, appearing multiple times (Lines 1, 6, 12, 18), reinforces the sense of the inescapability of Time itself. The second attribute the speaker gives to Time is ignorance: The speaker suggests that Time itself might not know anything in particular about what the purpose of experience is, because the speaker claims that “Time only knows the price we have to pay” (Line 2). The notion of a “price” that humans “have to pay” for each experience suggests that everything has a cost in the end, even experiences that were ostensibly positive.

Nature

Nature symbolizes the cycles of birth and “decay” (Line 11) to which all living things are subject, as well as the hidden, unknowable laws that govern human existence. The speaker’s use of natural imagery of “roses” that “grow” (Line 13) and “leaves” that “decay” (Line 11) illustrates the cycle of the seasons and of the irreversible process of birth, growth, decay, and death that occur repeatedly every year. The speaker’s speculations regarding where “the winds […] come from […] when they blow” (Line 10) and the “reasons why the leaves decay” (Line 11) suggest that there might be an overarching order and purpose in the natural world; however, even if there is one, humans are destined to live without truly understanding what exactly that purpose is, and why it exists.

Knowledge

Knowledge—or rather, the lack of knowledge—is the poem’s other dominant motif. One of the poem’s key refrains is, “If I could tell you I would let you know” (Lines 3, 9, 15, 19), which serves as both an acknowledgement of the speaker’s ignorance and of their wistful desire to share concrete knowledge with their beloved. The speaker wishes they could gain knowledge of various things—the future, the meaning of existence, why nature and the world is the way it is—but can only return repeatedly to the idea that they, like all humans, are condemned to a life of uncertainty.

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