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46 pages 1 hour read

Lauren Tarshis

I Survived The Shark Attacks Of 1916

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2010

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Symbols & Motifs

Pranks

Pranks are a recurring motif within the text that illustrate Chet’s fraught path to belonging and forming lasting relationships in Elm Hills. Chet strongly desires to make friends with three classmates, Sid, Dewey, and Monty, but he struggles to trust the connections. When the boys play a prank on him at the creek, staging a shark attack, Chat feels humiliated and blames himself: “How could he have thought these guys wanted to be his friends? They just wanted someone to pick on. That was the only reason they’d invited him to the creek” (30-31). Chet begins to run away, and the boys try to convince him that the prank was harmless. Chet ignores them, too embarrassed to turn around.

Uncle Jerry tries to explain and excuse the boys’ behavior as an example of the boys’ interest in befriending Chet: “It means they like you, that you’re one of them [...] Now they’re expecting you to get them back” (33). This advice is well-meaning but misguided, as it inspires Chet to play his own prank. Taking his uncle’s advice to heart, Chet thinks that pranking his friends must be the only way to secure his place in their group. His plan backfires and the boys are angry with him, creating further strain in the relationship.

With the boys now distrustful of one another, the cost of pranks almost takes a deadly turn when in Chapter 12 Chet tries to warn Dewey, Sid, and Monty about the shark in the creek, but they refuse to listen. The boys ignore Chet, thinking that he is once again playing a prank, and they continue playing in the water until the shark emerges. Chet and the boys make it out of the situation alive, but injured, as Chet must spend a week in the hospital due to a shark bite that claims most of his calf. In the newspaper article reporting on the event, it states: “[Chet’s] cries of warning were ignored, with most residents dismissing his story as a prank” (76). This underscores how seemingly innocent pranks can have deadly outcomes. It also suggests that a better way for Chet to belong is through love and vulnerability.

The event does show Chet and the boys, however, the depths to which they are willing to go for each other. Chet jumps in the water to save Sid, and in turn the boys help pull Chet out of the mouth of the shark, saving his life. When the boys visit Chet in the hospital, Sid tells him that they have learned something important from the experience: “We’re calling a truce. No more pranks” (85). For most of the text, Chet believes that connection can only be forged through teasing and pranks, but in the wake of the shark attack, he realizes that the four boys have shared an important experience together, one that bonds them much more than a prank could.

California

California is a symbol that represents Chet’s anxieties and desire to escape challenging situations rather than face them. When Chet moves to New Jersey, his parents depart for California. Frequent moves following his father’s various business ventures marked Chet’s childhood, and as a result he wonders, “[w]ould he ever really belong anywhere?” (20). For most of Chet’s life, he struggles to make friends or open himself up to others because of the inevitability of the next move. But his time in Elm Hills has been different, and his Uncle Jerry encourages Chet to make friends and make himself at home.

Throughout the text, Chet wishes for California when he wants that ease of escape: “I need to leave [...]. To California [...] I don’t belong here” (49). He thinks that leaving is easier than having to stay and make amends or share vulnerabilities with those around him. Later, when Chet arrives at the creek to warn Sid, Dewey, and Monty about the shark, at first, they do not believe him, and Chet nearly falls back into old thought patterns: “Chet felt like running away, far away. All the way to California” (71). Chet’s instinct is to look at California as the easy answer, an escape from his present problems even though he desires friendship and connection. However, the gravity of the situation sinks in. He sees the shark rapidly approaching Sid and, instead of running away, Chet runs toward the danger, saving Sid. In turn, his friends save him from the mouth of the shark, and Chet learns the value of facing things head on.

After the shark attack, when Uncle Jerry tells Chet of his plans to ask Chet’s parents to stay in Elm Hills to help him run the diner, Chet can envision a future for himself in Elm Hills. Family and loyal friends surround him now, and he no longer has a need for a place to run away from his problems.

“Killer Eyes”

“Killer eyes” is a motif that repeats throughout the text. It emphasizes the shark’s threat and connects Chet and Captain Wilson, both of whom have had intense first-hand encounters with sharks. Chet first uses the phrase to describe the shark’s eyes in the flash forward scene: “The gigantic shark, bigger than Chet himself. The black eyes staring up through the water. Killer eyes” (2). Chet learns this phrase from the local whaling captain, Captain Wilson, who tells Chet of his own harrowing experience with a shark: “‘Black as coal,’ he whispered. ‘Killer eyes.’ The captain was looking out the window now, like he expected to see that shark with its open jaws pressed against the glass. ‘Killer eyes,’ he repeated quietly” (14-15). In this passage, Chet sees how Captain Wilson’s shark encounter continues to affect him 64 years later. The shark’s “killer eyes” linger in Captain Wilson’s memory, still invoking terror.

Captain Wilson’s response to news of the shark attacks contrasts with others in town, some of whom go as far as to claim that the shark attacks are a hoax. The phrase “killer eyes” sticks with Chet, and when he encounters the shark in Matawan Creek later in the text, it comes to his mind immediately. The phrase connects Chet and Captain Wilson, as the other residents of Elm Hills meet Chet’s warnings about the shark with skepticism and incredulity. Chet instinctively knows that Captain Wilson is the only person likely to believe him and help him, and the text proves this when Chet runs to his house after the first attack and exclaims: “‘I saw it, Captain,’ Chet said, more confident now. ‘It was huge. And its eyes, just like you said…’ ‘Killer eyes,’ the Captain muttered. Chet nodded” (67). This solidifies Chet and Captain Wilson’s connection and Wilson springs into action to help Chet and warn the town. The motif highlights Chet and Captain Wilson’s convictions due to their lived experience, despite the incredulity from their community.

After the second attack, which leaves Chet with a major bite injury to his calf, the phrase “killer eyes” once again comes to him as he struggles to process the trauma he has experienced: “The terror faded some when he was awake. But somehow that shark was always lurking. Its black killer eyes watching him, its bloody teeth glistening” (80). Like Captain Wilson before him, Chet has now also undergone extensive trauma, and the text implies that the phrase “killer eyes” and his memories of them will linger long after his physical injuries heal.

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