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88 pages 2 hours read

Maya Angelou

I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1969

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Chapters 10-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary

In St. Louis, Maya and Bailey live with Grandmother Baxter and Grandfather Baxter. The grandmother was raised by a German family in Illinois and is "nearly white" (61), while the grandfather is Black. In the 1930s, the Black section of St. Louis has all characteristics of a gold-rush town, and gambling and drinking were common despite the official rules that prohibited them.

As a precinct captain, Grandmother Baxter has significant power in the town, and her white skin, as well as her "six mean children" (62), further cement her influence in the community. Not only gamblers and crooks, but also police officers often come to her house in need of a favor, and she helps them in exchange for votes.

After the modesty of their life in Stamps, Maya and Bailey enjoy the new foods and experiences of St. Louis. However, they don't like their school because they are much ahead of their classmates, and the teachers are not nearly as warm as in Stamps. Their mother, Vivian, doesn't spend much time at home, and sometimes the siblings visit the tavern where she works as a dancer. There, Vivian would dance alone for her children, and Maya realizes that she "loved her most at those times" (65). Maya's uncles Tutti, Tom, and Ira are notorious for their bad tempers, but the girl enjoys their company. Her favorite is Uncle Tommy, who tells her not to worry about her looks because it's better to have "a good mind than a cute behind" (67).

After living at Grandmother Baxter’s house for six months, Vivian takes the children to live with her. She shares her apartment with Mr. Freeman, her boyfriend, a big, “a little flabby” (69) Southern man. He seems to Maya much older than her mother, and she realizes that he is lucky and grateful to have Vivian as his girlfriend. 

Chapter 11 Summary

The noise, the traffic, and the bustle of St. Louis are too much for Maya, and she treats the town as a "foreign country" (70). She convinces herself that she "didn't come to stay" (70), just like in Stamps. Although she doesn't feel at home in St. Louis, Maya develops a tolerable routine of school work, chores, and listening to radio programs. She also loses herself in mysterious worlds of fantasy and adventure stories.

Vivian works at a gambling parlor where she runs poker games, and she is rarely at home. Mr. Freeman, when not at work at the Southern Pacific yards, spends his time waiting for Vivian to come home, and when she finally arrives, he comes alive, "like a man coming out of sleep" (71). He has very little interaction with Maya and Bailey and focuses his attention only on Vivian.

Maya, who is now eight years old, has nightmares and develops a habit of sleeping in her mother's bed. One morning, after her mother has gone to work, Maya wakes up and finds Mr. Freeman sexually abusing her. When he finishes, he holds her close to him, and for a moment, Maya feels "at home" (73) and doesn't want him to let go of her. At this moment, Maya wonders if perhaps Mr. Freeman is her real father, but this tenderness quickly passes when he threatens to kill Bailey if she tells anyone about the incident.

Maya is frightened and confused, but she is too scared to reveal her feelings to Bailey or her mother. Despite this, Maya craves the physical contact, because she never had the experience of being hugged by a parent. One day, when her mother is at work, Maya, wanting a hug, decides to come up to Mr. Freeman and to sit on his lap. The man once again sexually abuses her, but this time instead of holding her in his arms, he lets her slip on the floor when he finishes.

For a couple of months after the second incident, Mr. Freeman ignores Maya, and the girl tries to forget their encounters. She feels bad for keeping a secret from Bailey, and the two siblings grow apart. Maya spends most of her time at the library and doesn't tell anyone about her abuser. 

Chapter 12 Summary

One spring day, months after the second instance of abuse, when Bailey and Vivian are not at home, Mr. Freeman, sitting in a chair with his pants unzipped, asks Maya to approach him. She protests, and Mr. Freeman forcefully pulls her to him, turns on the radio, and rapes her. Maya passes out from the pain, and when she wakes up, Mr. Freeman is washing her in the bathroom.

Afterward, he immediately sends her to the library. On her way there, she feels as if her hips are "coming out of their sockets" (79) and finds it unbearable to sit on the hard benches of the library, so she soon returns home. Maya quickly hides her stained underwear under the mattress and goes to bed. When Vivian sees that her daughter is sick and has no appetite, she assumes that the child is coming down with measles and fusses over her. Mr. Freeman approaches Maya when no one is around and once again threatens to kill Bailey if she tells anyone about what he did.

Throughout the night, Maya hears Vivian and Mr. Freeman's incessant arguing, and in the morning, she learns that he moved out of the house. She wonders if is safe to tell Bailey about what Mr. Freeman has done to her, but she's sure that she "must have been very bad if already God let [her] hurt so much" (81). Vivian decides to give Maya a bath and to change her sheets. When she asks Bailey to pull the sheets off the bed, Maya's stained underwear falls at Vivian's feet. 

Chapters 10-12 Analysis

This part of the memoir focuses on the single most important violent episode of Maya's life when she is raped by her mother's boyfriend. Maya, growing up in Momma Henderson's household, is unaccustomed to being hugged and cuddled; therefore, when Mr. Freeman holds her close to him, she mistakes his lust for fatherly affection. Being only eight-year-old, Maya craves parental love, yet her mother spends most of her time at work, and the only loving adult in her life, Momma Henderson, is far away in Stamps. Although in St. Louis, Maya is surrounded by people who care about her, namely, Grandmother Baxter and her uncles, as well as Bailey, none of them is particularly warm and physically affectionate towards Maya, and so her need to be hugged and comforted remains unfulfilled. This is why when Mr. Freeman abuses her for the first time, she doesn't perceive his actions as a transgression.

The incident alienates her from Bailey because she is ashamed of keeping a secret from him. Maya doesn't have close relationships with her mother because after living with Momma Henderson, it is hard for her to accept and understand Vivian's chaotic and glamorous lifestyle. Therefore, Maya doesn't have another choice but to navigate this complicated episode of her life alone.

The circumstances of the rape suggest that Mr. Freeman had planned an assault on Maya as an act of revenge after Vivian didn't spend the night at home. His jealousy is what caused their fight the following evening, which ultimately led to their separation. Vivian is so detached from life at home that she doesn't suspect anything and ends her relationship with Mr. Freeman without realizing how much he has damaged her daughter physically and psychologically.

These events further deepen Maya's feelings of displacement and isolation. Prior to the rape, she could always confide in Bailey, and her brother has been her closest companion and friend. After Mr. Freeman threatens to kill him if she tells anyone about what happened, Maya has to deal not just with the deeply traumatic experience of rape but also with her growing isolation and the fear of losing Bailey, the person she loves most. All this leaves eight-year-old Maya in a precarious situation where she is forced to process her trauma alone and battle the feelings of shame and guilt without the support of her family.

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