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34 pages 1 hour read

Allie Brosh

Hyperbole and a Half: Unfortunate Situations, Flawed Coping Mechanisms, Mayhem, and Other Things That Happened

Nonfiction | Graphic Novel/Book | Adult | Published in 2013

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “Warning Signs”

As a child, Allie writes a letter to her future self and buries it in the backyard. Though she intends to dig it up 15 years later, she only remembers 17 years later. In the letter, she asks many questions about dogs and reminds her future self that she has blonde hair and blue eyes. Almost as an afterthought, she asks if her parents are still alive. The letter includes drawings of dogs; at its end, child Allie asks adult Allie to “[p]lease write back” (6).

 

Adult Allie considers this exhortation and decides to write several letters to her younger selves. She reminds her two-year-old self that face cream is not frosting and advises her not to eat it. She tells her four-year-old self to stop eating salt—apparently, she thought that eating pepper would cancel out the saltiness. She implores her five-year-old self to stop being so creepy; to her six-year-old self she says that the letter R is not as hard to write as it looks. To her seven-year-old self, she writes a reminder to keep her clothes on. She tells her 10-year-old self to stop pretending to be a dog and running through the backyard obstacle course. She writes to her 13-year-old self about the absurdity of pretending to be a wizard and how none of her fake spells will work. Allie sums up the letters by thanking the rest of her selves for not being weird enough to mention. 

Chapter 2 Summary: “The Simple Dog”

Allie opens this graphic essay with confirmation of her dog’s low intellectual abilities. After adopting her, Allie tries—and fails—to train the dog to walk normally up and down the stairs. The dog wants desperately to please her.

In full-page illustrations on pages 21-25, Allie tries to train the dog to sit. Confused, the dog tilts her head at extreme angles and ends up flopping on the floor instead.

At first, Allie believes that her dog simply needs more training. But when she sees the dog licking the floor at random, she performs a web search for “dog IQ test” (26). The dog fails the first test, which is to respond to her name when called (and avoid responding to other words). The dog fails the second test, which is to get out from under a blanket. The dog continues to fail subsequent tests.

The final test is to sniff out and retrieve a dog biscuit which has been placed underneath a plastic cup. Illustrations on pages 29-32 depict the many things the dog tries to do to pass the test—these include retrieving a tennis ball and running at full speed around the cup. Allie accepts that her dog won’t pass the test and knocks over the cup, exposing the biscuit. 

Chapter 3 Summary: “Motivation”

Allie details her experience deciding every day for 35 consecutive days to not return a movie rental to Blockbuster. After 35 days, she decides to deal with the issue by simply never returning to Blockbuster again. She contextualizes this decision within ongoing difficulties she experiences with motivation as a “horrible, scary game” (35).

In full-page illustrations on pages 36-41, Brosh uses dual-panel images to show the dynamic between her self-motivation talk and her actual behavior. She experiences difficulty with task completion. Despite feeling frustrated with herself, she does not change her behavior. She explains that this tendency stems from an inability to believe that the future will be real.

Brosh uses the image of a spaceship to demonstrate hurtling toward failure at high speed. She relates that coming close to failure is the only reliable motivational technique she’s discovered. Through procrastination, she ends up so close to disaster that, terrified, she flees toward success.

With smaller goals, such as washing the dishes, Brosh explains that shame has become the only useful tool for taking action. In a sequence of dual-panel images, her motivational self describes her regular self as a “shameful, embarrassing menace” (47) for neglecting the dishes. To avoid being a shameful menace, she eventually does the dishes.

In a section subtitled “How Horrible Can I Be Before I Experience a Prohibitive Amount of Shame?” Allie explores the many options available to her at the grocery store after picking up a banana she decides she doesn’t want to buy. She decides to place the banana back in the produce section, albeit not with the other bananas. Though fear and shame inform most of her behavior, Allie hopes to someday use willpower instead.

Chapter 4 Summary: “The God of Cake”

As a child, if given even a tiny amount of sugar, Allie would become intensely hyperactive and hyperfocus on obtaining more. In a series of illustrations on pages 56-59, Brosh illuminates the process, which ends in a blurry panel of her child-self with a giant grin and the caption “CAKE IS THE ONLY THING THAT MATTERS” (59).

Allie’s mother bakes a cake for her grandfather’s birthday. When her mother’s back is turned, Allie sneaks up onto the counter and steals a handful of cake. To avoid further theft, Allie’s mother carries the cake around; she then hides it on top of the refrigerator. Allie climbs the fridge, so her mother puts the cake inside the fridge and leaves a heavy box in front of the door. Unable to move the box, Allie throws herself against it without success.

Her mother tells her to play with her toys, and Allie does so. They dress for the party and leave for her grandparents’ house, where her grandfather’s birthday gathering will be held. Allie struggles away from her grandmother as her mother carries the cake into a back bedroom and locks the door. Because Allie screams and punches in this struggle, the adults lock her out on the patio and tell her to “go play outside” (67). But instead of playing, Allie sobs right up against the glass. Her mother tells her to go play in the side yard instead, where Allie sees that one of the windows has been left open.

It turns out to be the window to the very same bedroom where the cake is locked away, so Allie pushes out the screen and climbs inside. She eats the entire cake. Her mother comes looking for her and finds her in the bedroom. Allie spends the rest of the party gleefully alternating between running around in a sugar rush and vomiting up cake.

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

These chapters use humor to tell true stories from Brosh’s life. She is the main protagonist in every piece, and her antagonist(s) are usually herself or the secondary characters. Though not written like a traditional prose memoir, each chapter tells a complete narrative about a time in Brosh’s life. Characters recur across chapters, usually at the same age and/or drawn the same way.

No matter the emotional weight of her subject for individual chapters and graphic essays, she finds a way to use absurdity to create levity in the face of emotional distress. She also tends to use self-deprecation as an opportunity for vulnerability and to create an empathic experience for the reader. Readers can relate to her nonfiction pieces because of her honesty and candor.

In Chapter 2, Brosh uses elements of stereotype and caricature to exaggerate a few central qualities in her dogs. Yes, one of her dogs cannot pass some tests Brosh read about online, but Brosh exaggerates this and claims that one of her dogs is the “simple dog.” This chapter is a great example of a technique Brosh uses repeatedly, both in this section and throughout the book: escalation. Instead of failing only one task, the dog fails over and over, in increasingly complex and/or worse ways.

Similarly, in Chapter 3, Brosh herself fails in an escalating series of examples. Metaphorical interludes use imagery of a rocket ship hurtling through space to show how close she comes to utter failure. The literary technique of the titular hyperbole (exaggeration) shows her trajectory toward failure and her attempts to avoid it.

Throughout these chapters, Brosh uses the tension between her expectations about other people, circumstances, and animals and the reality to create humor. Neither her own behavior nor that of her dogs measures up to what she expects, and her frustration at the difference is rendered sardonically. This especially recurs in Brosh’s struggles to perform everyday life tasks with which, she believes, few or no other adults struggle. For example, returning video and DVD rentals, grocery shopping, and cooking complete meals.

Increasing escalation of what’s at risk in the story also permeates through Chapter 4. Brosh’s childhood character hyper-focuses not only on sugar but also on her desire to get more sugar. Instead of the cake simply being taken away once, the cake must be taken away from Allie multiple times over the course of the piece; this escalates to Allie climbing through a window to get more cake. 

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